Northumberland National Park Geodiversity Audit and Action Plan

D J D Lawrence BSc, S L B Arkley BSc, J D Everest MA, PhD, S M Clarke BSc, MSc, PhD, FGS, D Millward BSc, PhD, FGS, CGeol, E K Hyslop BSc, MSc, PhD, FGS, CGeol, G L Thompson BSc, MSc1, B Young BSc, FIMM, CEng2

Contents

Title page and preliminaries

Acknowledgements

Section 1 Understanding geodiversity

Understanding geodiversity

What is geodiversity?

The scope of this Geodiversity Audit and Action Plan

National Parks

The aim of this Geodiversity Audit and Action Plan

Geodiversity and the planning system

Protecting geodiversity

Section 2 Roots of our geological heritage

Roots of our geological heritage

Evolution of the rocks and landscape in the district

The influence of geodiversity in the landscape

Silurian rocks

Carboniferous rocks

Igneous rocks

Metamorphic rocks

Quaternary deposits and landforms

Mineral veins and minerals

Geological structures

Fossils and palaeontology

Mines and quarries

Building stone and the built heritage

Section 3 Exploring and celebrating geodiversity

Exploring and celebrating geodiversity

Education and research

Archive and materials collections

Interpreting the geodiversity of Northumberland

National Park and the surrounding area

Section 4 Geodiversity Action Plan

Action plan

Geodiversity sites in Northumberland

National Park and the surrounding area

Glossary

Selected bibliography

Figures

Figures

(Front cover) Cover images clockwise from top left: Hadrian’s Wall above cliffs of Whin Sill, looking west towards Crag Lough © Graeme Peacock. The Drake Stone, a huge Fell Sandstone boulder near Harbottle BGS © NERC. Cawfields Quarry in the Whin Sill, now a recreation area © Graeme Peacock. Looking south-west from Long Crags towards the granite hills of Hedgehope and Cheviot © Graeme Peacock www.graeme-peacock.com

(Location map) Location map for the district described in this book.