Rushton, A.W.A., Owen, A.W., Owens, R.M. & Prigmore, J.K. 2000. British Cambrian to Ordovician Stratigraphy. Geological Conservation Review Series No. 18, JNCC, Peterborough, ISBN 1 86107 4727.
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Exposures in the cliffs on both shores of Fishguard Old Harbour contain graptolite faunas of Llanvirn age that constrain the age of both the base and the top of the Fishguard Volcanic Group, thereby affording correlation with successions elsewhere in South Wales. These are the only sections so far identified that have yielded identifiable faunas in association with the Fishguard volcanic rocks.
In the first detailed description of the geology of the Fishguard district, Reed (1895) included the volcanic rocks of the area within the 'Bala' and 'upper Llandeilo', whilst Cox (1930, p. 285) recognized that 'Didymograptus bifidus Shales' occur below the volcanic rocks, and included all within the Llanvirn Series. Thomas and Thomas (1956) concentrated upon the mapping and petrography of Fishguard Volcanic Group but noted the presence of a graptolite fauna at the top of the volcanic succession (1956, p. 314), to which they ascribed a 'D. bifidus' zonal age. Unpublished work by C.J. Jenkins has refined the biostratigraphical information, and diagnostic faunas have been recognized in shales at both the base and the top of the volcanic rocks in Fishguard Old Harbour.
Graptolite faunas have been recovered from three points in the cliff exposures in Fishguard Old Harbour
At Aber Bach
On the west side of the old harbour, about 100 m south of Castle Point, some 10 m of blue-black fissile shales with thin tuff bands crop out in a little inlet (see Thomas and Thomas, 1956, figs 6 and 7). These yielded a graptolite fauna that Thomas and Thomas (1956, p. 314) considered to indicate the topmost horizons of the bifidus (now artus) Zone. Jenkins' unpublished work, however, suggests that the fauna, in which he reported Didymograptus murchisoni (Beck) and Diplograptus cf. caelatus (Lapworth), instead indicates a level low in the upper Abereiddian, equating approximately with the Cyffredin Shale Member at Abereiddi (see site report). On the basis of these faunas, the extrusion of the Fishguard Volcanic Group can be dated as having taken place close to the lower-upper Abereiddian boundary.
Above the shales south of Castle Point there is a thickness of bedded rhyolitic tuffs. According to Thomas and Thomas (1956, fig. 6), these are in faulted contact with a succession of calcareous flags that crop out on Castle Point and on the west side of the harbour. Jenkins' unpublished work, however, suggests that the junction is an unconformity seen at
The Fishguard Volcanic Group represents an important volcanic event in the early Ordovician of south-west Wales, and the dating of the onset and termination of volcanism is critical in placing it in its wider palacogcographical context. The sediments above and below the igneous rocks tend to be poorly exposed, and even where they are exposed, unfavourable cleavage—bedding relationships make fossils difficult to find and commonly render them too badly preserved for identification. Therefore the three graptolite occurrences in the Old Harbour at Fishguard are important since they occur close to the base and summit of the volcanic sequence and, moreover, are sufficiently well preserved to show that the Fishguard Volcanic Group was erupted above the lower part of the artus Zone and below the lower part of the murchisoni Zone. If Jenkins' interpretation of the correlation of the calcareous flags at the top of the succession is correct, then the equivalents of the Caerhys Shale Formation of Abereiddi are missing at Fishguard.
The fossil localities at Abergwaun (Fishguard Old Harbour) are important because they provide the only reliable biostratigraphical evidence that constrains the age of the Fishguard Volcanic Group to a mid-Abereiddian age.