Huddart, D. & Glasser, N.F. 2007. Quaternary of Northern England. Geological Conservation Review Series No. 25, JNCC, Peterborough, ISBN 1 86107 490 5.

The original source material for these web pages has been made available by the JNCC under the Open Government Licence 3.0. Full details in the JNCC Open Data Policy

References

In this reference list the arrangement is alphabetical by author surname for works by sole authors and dual authors. Where there are references that include the first-named author with others, the sole-author works are listed chronologically first, followed by the dual author references (alphabetically) followed by the references with three or more authors listed chronologically. Chronological order is used within each group of identical authors.

Aalbersberg, G. and Litt, T. (1998) Multiproxy climate reconstructions for the Eemian and Early Weichselian. Journal of Quaternary Science, 13, 367–90.

Adam, P., Birks, H.J.B., Huntley, B. and Prentice, I.C. (1975) Phytosociological studies at Malham Tarn Moss and Fen, Yorkshire, England. Vegetatio, 30, 117–32.

Adams, A.E. and Horbury, A.D. (1989) Tree root structures on a Dinantian palaeokarst, Urswick Limestone, south Cumbria. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 47, 345–8.

Agar, R. (1954) Glacial and post-glacial geology of Middlesborough and the Tees estuary. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 29, 237–53.

Aigurre, E. and Passini, G. (1985) The Plio-Pleistocene boundary. Episodes, 8, 116–20

Aikin, J. (1795) Description of the County from Thirty to Forty Miles around Manchester, John Stockdale, London, 624 pp.

Aitken, J.F. (1998) Sedimentology of Late Devensian glaciofluvial outwash in the Don Valley, Grampian Region. Scottish Journal of Geology, 34, 97–117.

Aitkenhead, N., Chisholm, J.I. and Stevenson, I.P. (1985) Geology of the country around Buxton, Leek and Bakewell, Memoir (Sheet) of the British Geological Survey (England and Wales) (111), HMSO, London, 168 pp.

Akhurst, M.C., Chadwick, R.A., Holliday, D.W. et al. (1997) Geology of the west Cumbria district, Memoir (Sheet) of the British Geological Survey (England and Wales) (28+37+47), British Geological Survey, Keyworth, 138 pp.

Alabaster, C. and Straw, A. (1976) The Pleistocene context of faunal remains and artefacts discovered at Welton-le-Wold, Lincolnshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 41, 75–94.

Aldhouse-Green, A.E., Allen, J.R.L, Caseldine, A.E. et al. (1992) Prehistoric human footprints from the Severn Estuary at Uskmouth and Magor Pill, Gwent, Wales. Archaeologia Cambrensis, 141, 14–55.

Allen, P (1983) Middle Pleistocene stratigraphy and landform development of south-east Suffolk. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London.

Allen, P and Rose, J. (1986) A glacial meltwater drainage system between Whittonstall and Ebchester, Northumberland. In Quaternary river landforms and sediments in the northern Pennines: field guide (eds M.G. Macklin and J. Rose), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association/British Geomorphological Research Group, London, pp. 69–88.

Allen, P., Keen, D. Lewis, S. (in press) Quaternary of East Anglia and the Midlands, Geological Conservation Review Series, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.

Alley, R.B., Cuffey, K.M., Evenson, E.B. et al. (1997) How glaciers entrain and transport basal sediment: physical constraints. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16, 1017–38.

Ambers, J.C., Matthews, K.J. and Bowman, S.G.E. (1986) Radiocarbon dates from two peat samples. In Lindow Man. The Body in the Bog (eds I.M. Stead, J.B. Bourke and D. Brothwell), British Museum Publications, London, pp. 25–6.

Andersen, B.G. (1981) Late Weichselian ice sheets in Eurasia and Greenland. In The Last Great Ice Sheets (eds G.H. Denton and T.J. Hughes), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, New York, pp. 1–65.

Andersen, J.M., Byrd, B.F., Elson, M.D. et al. (1981) The deerhunters: Star Carr reconsidered. World Archaeology, 13, 31–46.

Anderson, P. and Yalden, D. (1981) Present moorland vegetation. In Peak District Moorland Erosion Study: Phase I Report (eds J. Phillips, D. Yalden and J. Tallis), Peak Park Joint Planning Board, Bakewell, pp. 28–34.

Anderson, W. (1939) Possible late glacial sea levels at 190' and 140' OD in the British Isles. Geological Magazine, 76, 317–21.

Anderson, W. (1940) Buried valleys and late glacial drainage systems in Northwest Durham. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 51, 274–81.

Anderton, R., Bridges, P.H., Leeder, M.R. and Sellwood, B.W. (1979) A Dynamic Stratigraphy of the British Isles: a Study in Crustal Evolution, George Allen and Unwin, London, 301 pp.

Anderton, R., Bridges, P.H., Leeder, M.R. and Sellwood, B.W. (1983) A Dynamic Stratigraphy of the British Isles: a Study in Crustal Evolution, 2nd edn, George Allen and Unwin, London.

Andre, M.F. (1985) Lichenometre et vitesses d'evolution des versants arctiques pendant l'Holocene (Region de la Baie du Roi, Spitsberg, 79°N). Revue de Géomorphologie. Dynamique, 1985 (2), 29–72.

Andre, M.F. (1986) Dating slope deposits and estimating rate of rock wall retreat in northwest Spitsbergen by lichenometry. Geografi iska Annaler, 68A, 65–75.

Andrew, R. and West, R.G. (1977) Pollen analysis from Four Ashes, Worcs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B280, 242–6.

Andrews, C.W. (1919) Description of the bones of Elephas. In: Trechmann, C.T. On a deposit of interglacial loess, and some transported preglacial freshwater clays on the Durham coast. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 75, p. 201.

Andrews, I.T, Long, D., Richards, P.C. et al. (1990) The Geology of the Moray Firth, United Kingdom Offshore Regional Report, No. 3, HMSO, London, 96 pp.

Andrews, J.T. (1961) The development of scree slopes in the English Lake District and central Quebec–Labrador. Cahiers de Geographie du Quebec, 10, 219–30.

Andrews, J.T. (1972) Glacier power, mass balance, velocities and erosion potential. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 13, 117.

Andrews, J.T. and King, C.A.M. (1969) Comparative till fabrics and till fabric variability in a till sheet and a drumlin: a small-scale study. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 36, 435–61.

Andrews, J.T. and Shimizu, K. (1966) Three-dimensional vector technique for analysing till fabrics: discussion and Fortran program. Geographical Bulletin, 8, 151–65.

Andrews, J.T., Kirby, M.E., Aksu, A., Barber, D.C. and Meese, D. (1998) Late Quaternary detrital carbonate (DC) layers in Baffin Bay marine sediments (67°N-74°N): correlation with Heinrich Events in the North Atlantic? Quaternary Science Reviews, 17, 1125–37.

Annis, R. (1994) A Neolithic fishweir (?) from Cleveland. PAST, 17, 6–7.

Anon (1785–1786) A Survey with Maps of Lands within the Manor of Malham-Moors and East Malham in the Parish of Kirkby-malhamdale and County of York, now the property of Thos. Lister Esq.. In the possession of the National Trust, York.

Anon. (1972) Borehole Records. In Annual Report of the Institute of Geological Sciences, 1971, 119, HMSO, London.

Anson, W W and Sharp, J.I. (1960) Surface and rock head relief features in the northern part of the Northumberland coalfield, Department of Geography University of Durham Research Series, 2, Department of Geography, University of Durham, 23 pp.

Armstrong, A.L. (1923) The Maglemose remains of Holderness and their Baltic counterparts. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia, 6, 57–70.

Arthurton, R.S. (1984) The Ribblesdale fold belt, NW England — a Dinantian-early Namurian dextral shear zone. In Variscan Tectonics of the North Atlantic Region (eds D.H.W. Hutton and D.J. Sanderson), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 14, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 131–8.

Arthurton, R.S., Johnson, E.W. and Mundy, D.J.C. (1988) Geology of the Country around Settle, Memoir (Sheet) of the British Geological Survey (England and Wales) (60), HMSO, London, 147 pp.

Ashmead, P. (1974) The caves and karst of the Morecambe Bay area. In The Limestones and Caves of North-West England (ed. A.C. Waltham), David and Charles, Newton Abbot, pp. 201–26.

Ashton, W (1909) The Battle of Land and Sea on the Lancashire, Cheshire and North Wales Coasts and the Origin of the Lancashire Sandhills, Ashton and Sons Ltd, Southport; Heywood Ltd, Manchester.

Ashton, W (1920) The Evolution of a Coastline, Stanford Ltd, London; Ashton and Sons Ltd, Southport.

Ashworth, A.C. (1972) A Late-glacial insect fauna from Red Moss, Lancashire, England. Entomologica Scandinavia, 3, 211–24.

Atherden, M.A. (1972) A contribution to the vegetation and land use history of the eastern-central North York Moors. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Durham.

Atherden, M.A. (1976a) Late Quaternary vegetational history of the North York Moors. III. Fen Bogs. Journal of Biogeography, 3, 115–24.

Atherden, M.A. (1976b) The impact of late prehistoric cultures on the vegetation of the North York Moors. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 1, 284–300.

Atherden, M.A. (1979) Late Quaternary vegetational history of the North York Moors. VII. Pollen diagrams from the eastern-central area. Journal of Biogeography, 6, 63–83.

Atherden, M.A. (1989) Three pollen diagrams from the eastern North York Moors. Naturalist, 114, 55–63.

Atherden, M.A. (1999) The vegetation history of Yorkshire: a bog-trotter's guide to God's own county. The Naturalist, 124, 137–56.

Atkinson, D. and Houston, J. (eds) (1993) The Sand Dunes of the Sefton Coast: proceedings of the Sefton Coast Research Seminar, 31 May 1991, Liverpool, National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside with Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council, Liverpool, 194 pp.

Atkinson, T.C., Lawson, T.J., Smart, E.L., Harmon, R.S. and Hess, J.W. (1986a) New data on speleothem deposition and palaeoclimate in Britain over the last forty thousand years. Journal of Quaternary Science, 1, 67–72. Atkinson, T.C., Briffa, K.R. and Coope, G.R. (1987) Seasonal temperature in Britain during the past 22 000 years, reconstructed using beetle remains. Nature, 325, 587–92.

Austin, W.E.N. and Evans, J.R. (1999) Filey Bay and the Speeton Shell Bed. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 167–8.

Austin, W.E.N. and McCarroll, D. (1992) Foraminifera from Irish Sea glacigenic deposits of Aberdaron, western Lleyn, North Wales: palaeoenvironmental implications. Journal of Quaternary Science, 7, 311–17.

Auton, C.A. (1997a) Peel Place Quarry. In The Quaternary Geology of West Cumbria Field Guide (eds M. Browne, R.J. Heath, D. Huddart and P. Nathanail), Environment Group of the Geological Society of London, London, pp. 79–81.

Auton, C.A. (1997b) Newton Sand Pit. In The Quaternary Geology of West Cumbria Field Guide (eds M. Browne, R.J. Heath, D. Huddart and P. Nathanail), Environment Group of the Geological Society of London, London, pp. 82–4.

Aveline, W.T and Hughes, T.McK. (1888) The Geology of the Country around Kendal, Sedbergh, Bowness and Tebay: (Quarter-sheet 98 NE), Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) Old Series, 2nd edn revised and enlarged by A. Strahan, HMSO, London, 94 pp.

Awujoola, A.I. (1987) The occurrence and nature of deep saprolites on Cheviot granites. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.

Backhouse, H. (1844) Notes on a botanical ramble in Yorkshire etc. in the summer of 1844. Phytologist, 1, 1065–9.

Baden-Powell, D.F.W. (1956) The correlation of the Pliocene and Pleistocene marine beds of Britain and the Mediterranean. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 66, 271–92.

Ball, D.F. (1966) Late-glacial scree in Wales. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 15, 151–63.

Ball, D.F. and Goodier, R. (1968) Large sorted stone-stripes in the Rhinog Mountains, North Wales. Geografiska Annaler, 50A, 54–9.

Ballantyne, C. (1985) Nivation landforms and snowpatch erosion on two massifs in the Northern Highlands of Scotland. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 101, 40–9.

Ballantyne, C.K. (1978) The hydrologic significance of nivation features in permafrost areas. Geografiska Annaler, 60A, 51–4.

Ballantyne, C.K. (1984) The late Devensian periglaciation of upland Scotland. Quaternary Science Reviews, 3, 311–43.

Ballantyne, C.K. (1987) The present-day periglaciation of upland Britain. In Periglacial Processes and Landforms in Britain and Ireland (ed. J. Boardman), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 113–26.

Ballantyne, C.K. (1990) The Late Quaternary glacial history of the Trotternish Escarpment, Isle of Skye, Scotland, and its implications for ice-sheet reconstruction. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 101, 171–86.

Ballantyne, C.K. (1991) Periglacial features on the mountains of Skye. In The Quaternary of the Isle of Skye: field guide (eds C.K. Ballantyne, D.I. Benn, J.J. Lowe and M.J.C. Walker), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 68–81.

Ballantyne, C.K. (1994) The tors of the Cairngorms. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 110, 54–9.

Ballantyne, C.K. (1997) Periglacial trimlines in the Scottish Highlands. Quaternary International, 38/39, 119–36.

Ballantyne, C.K. (1999) Age and significance of mountain-top detritus. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 9, 327–45.

Ballantyne, C.K. and Benn, D.I. (1994) Glaciological constraints on protalus rampart development. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 5, 145–53.

Ballantyne, C.K. and Eckford, J.D. (1984) Characteristics and evolution of two relict talus slopes in Scotland. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 100, 20–33.

Ballantyne, C.K. and Harris, C. (1994) The Periglaciation of Great Britain, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 330 pp.

Ballantyne, C.K. and Kirkbride, M.P. (1987a) Rockfall activity in upland Britain during the Loch Lomond Stadial. Geographical Journal, 152, 86–92.

Ballantyne, C.K. and Kirkbride, M.P. (1987b) The characteristics and significance of some Lateglacial protalus ramparts in upland Britain. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 11, 659–71.

Ballantyne, C.K., McCarroll, D., Nesje, A. and Dahl, S.O. (1997) Periglacial trimlines, former nunataks and the altitude of the last ice sheet in Wester Ross, northwest Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science, 12, 225–38.

Ballantyne, C.K., McCarroll, D., Nesje, A., Dahl, S.O., Stone, J.O. and Fifield, L.K., (1998) High Resolution reconstruction of the last ice sheet in NW Scotland. Terra Nova, 10, 63–7.

Balson, P.S. and Jeffery D.H. (1991) The glacial sequence of the southern North Sea. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 245–54.

Barber, K.E. (1981) Peat Stratigraphy and Climatic Change: a Palaeoecological Test of the Theory of Cyclic Peat Bog Regeneration, A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, 219 pp.

Barber, K.E. (1982) Peat-bog stratigraphy as a proxy climate record. In Climatic Change in Later Prehistory (ed. A.F. Harding), Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 103–13.

Barber, K.E. (1986) Peat macrofossil analyses as indicators of the bog palaeoenvironment and climatic change. In Lindow Man: The Body in the Bog (eds I.M. Stead, J.B. Bourke, and D. Brothwell), British Museums Publications, London, pp. 86–90.

Barber, K.E. (1993) Peatlands as scientific archives of biodiversity. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2, 474–89.

Barber, K.E. (1994) Deriving Holocene palaeoclimates from peat stratigraphy: some misconceptions regarding the sensitivity and continuity of the record. Quaternary Newsletter, 72, 1–9.

Barber, K.E. (1995) Peat stratigraphy and the body in the bog: a reconstruction of the evidence. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 50–1.

Barber, K.E. and Twigger, S.N. (1987) Late Quaternary palaeoecology of the Severn Basin. In Palaeohydrology in Practice: a river basin analysis (eds K.J. Gregory, J. Lewin and J.B. Thornes), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 217–50

Barber, K.E., Dumayne, L. and Stoneman, R. (1993) Climatic change and human impact during the late Holocene in northern Britain. In Climate Change and Human Impact on the Landscape: Studies in Palaeoecology and Environmental Archaeology (ed. F.M. Chambers), 1st edn, Chapman and Hall, London, New York, pp. 225–36.

Barber, K.E., Chambers, F.M., Dumayne, L., Haslam, C.J., Maddy, D. and Stoneman, R.E. (1994a) Climatic change and human impact in north Cumbria: peat stratigraphic and pollen evidence from Bolton Fell Moss and Walton Moss. In Cumbria: field guide (eds J. Boardman and J. Walden), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Oxford, pp. 20–49.

Barber, K.E., Chambers, F.M., Maddy, D., Stoneman, R.E. and Brew, J.S. (1994b) A sensitive high-resolution record of late Holocene climatic change from a raised bog in northern England. The Holocene, 4, 198–205.

Barber, K.E., Dumayne-Peaty, L., Hughes, P.D.M., Mauquoy, D. and Scaife, R. (1998) Replicability and variability of the recent macrofossil and proxy-climate record from raised bogs: field stratigraphy and macrofossil data from Bolton Fell Moss and Walton Moss, Cumbria, England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 13, 515–28.

Barber, K.E., Battarbee, R.W., Brooks, S.J. et al. (1999) Proxy records of climate change in the UK over the last two millennia: documented change and sedimentary records from lakes and bogs. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 156, 369–80.

Barker, H. and Mackey, J. (1961) British Museum Natural Radiocarbon Measurements III. Radiocarbon, 3, 39–45.

Barlow, D. (1998) A lake sediment study of particulate flux in the Humber catchment using magnetic techniques. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.

Barnes, F.A. (1963) Peat erosion in the southern Pennines: problems of interpretation. East Midland Geographer, 3, 216–22.

Barnes, G. (1962) The evidence of placenames for the Scandinavian settlements in Cheshire. Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society, 63, 131–55.

Barrett, J.H. (1992) An extreme value analysis of the flow of Burbage Brook. Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics, 6, 151–65.

Barrow, G. (1888) The Geology of North Cleveland: Explanation of maps 34 and 35, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series, HMSO, London, 101 pp.

Bartley, D.D. (1962) The stratigraphy and pollen analysis of lake deposits near Tadcaster, Yorkshire. New Phytologist, 61, 277–87.

Bartley, D.D. (1966) Pollen analysis of some lake deposits near Bamborough in Northumberland. New Phytologist, 65, 141–56.

Bartley, D.D. (1975) Pollen analytical evidence for prehistoric field clearance in the upland area west of Rishworth, West Yorkshire. New Phytologist, 74, 375–81.

Bartley, D.D. and Chambers, C. (1992) A pollen diagram, radiocarbon ages and evidence of agriculture on Extwistle Moor, Lancashire. New Phytologist, 121, 311–20.

Bartley, D.D. and Morgan, A.V. (1990) The palynological record of the King's Pool, Staffordshire. New Phytologist, 116, 177–94.

Bartley, D.D., Chambers, C. and Hart-Jones, B. (1976) The vegetational history of parts of south and east Durham. New Phytologist, 77, 437–68.

Bartley, D.D., Jones, I.P. and Smith, R.T. (1990) Studies in the Flandrian vegetational history of the Craven district of Yorkshire. Journal of Ecology, 78, 611–32.

Bateman, M.D. (1995) Thermoluminescence dating of the British coversands deposits. Quaternary Science Reviews, 14, 791–8.

Bateman, M.D. (1998) The origin and age of coversand in north Lincolnshire, UK. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 9, 313–25.

Bateman, M.D. and Catt, J.A. (1996) An absolute chronology for the raised beach and associated deposits at Sewerby, East Yorkshire, England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 11, 389–95.

Bates, M.R. (1993) Aminostratigraphy in northwestern France. Quaternary Science Reviews, 12, 793–810.

Battiau-Queney, Y. (1980) Contribution a l'etude geomorphologique du massif Gallois. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Western Britanny, 797 pp.

Battiau-Queney, Y. (1984) The pre-glacial evolution of Wales. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 9, 229–52.

Baumann, K.-H., Lackschewitz, K.S., Mangerud, J. et al. (1995) Reflection of Scandinavian ice sheet fluctuations in Norwegian sediments during the past 150, 000 years. Quaternary Research, 43, 185–97.

Baxter, J. (1983) Vegetation history of the Shirdley Hill Sands in south-west Lancashire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Wales, Aberystwyth.

Beales, P.W. (1980) The Late Devensian and Flandrian vegetational history of Crose Mere, Shropshire. New Phytologist, 85, 133–61.

Beaumont, P (1967) The glacial deposits of eastern Durham. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Durham.

Beaumont, P. (1968) A history of glacial research in Northern England from 1860 to the present day, Department of Geography University of Durham Occasional Papers Series, No. 9, Department of Geography, University of Durham, Durham, 21 pp.

Beaumont, P (1970) Geomorphology. In Durham County and City with Teesside (ed. J.C. Dewdney), British Association Surveys, British Association for the Advancement of Science (Durham Local Executive Committee), Durham, pp. 26–45.

Beaumont, P (1971) Stone orientation and stone count data from the Lower Till sheet, eastern Durham. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 38, 343–60.

Beaumont, P (1972) Clay minerology of glacial tills in eastern Durham, England. In Research Methods in Pleistocene Geomorphology: proceedings of the 2nd Guelph Symposium on Geomorphology (eds E. Yatsu and A. Falconer), Department of Geography University of Guelph Geographical Publications, No. 2, Geo Abstracts Ltd, Norwich, pp. 83–108.

Beaumont, P, Turner, J. and Ward, P.F. (1969) An Ipswichian peat raft in glacial till at Hutton Henry, Co. Durham. New Phytologist, 68, 779–81.

Beckett, S.C. (1975) The Late Quaternary vegetational history of Holderness, Yorkshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Hull.

Beckett, S.C. (1977a) Skipsea Withow. In Yorkshire and Lincolnshire (ed. J. Catt), International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, C7, International Union for Quaternary Research, Birmingham, pp. 36–7.

Beckett, S.C. (1977b) The Bog, Roos. In Yorkshire and Lincolnshire (ed. J. Catt), International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, C7, International Union for Quaternary Research, Birmingham, pp. 42–46.

Beckett, S.C. (1981) Pollen diagrams from Holderness, North Humberside. Journal of Biogeography, 8, 177–98.

Bedlington, D. (1995) Holocene sea-level changes and crustal movements in North Wales and Wirral. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Durham.

Behre, K.-E. (1981) The interpretation of anthropogenic indicators in pollen diagrams. Pollen et Spores, 23, 225–45.

Belbin, S. (1985) Long-term landform development in North-west England: the application of the planation concept. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnson), Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 37–58.

Bell, A. (1917) The shells of the Holderness Basement Clays. The Naturalist, Hull, 95–8 and 135–8.

Bell, A. (1919) Fossils of the Holderness Basement Clays. The Naturalist, Hull, 57–9.

Bell, M. (1995) Field Survey and excavation at Goldcliff 1994. In Archaeology in the Severn Estuary: Annual Report of the Severn Estuary Levels Research Committee (ed. M. Bell), University of Wales, Lampeter, pp. 115–44.

Bellamy, D.J., Bradshaw, M.E., Millington, G.R. and Simmons, I.G. (1966) Two Quaternary deposits in the lower Tees Basin. New Phytologist, 65, 429–42.

Bellamy, D.J., Bridgewater, P., Marshall, C. and Tickle, W.M. (1969a) Status of the Teesdale Rarities. Nature, 222, 238–43.

Bellamy, D.J., Bridgewater, P, Jones, A. and Marshall, C. (1969b) Teesdale rarities. Nature, 224, 619–20.

Bemrose, H.H.A. and Newton, E.T. (1905) On a fossiliferous cavern of Pleistocene age at Hoe Grange Quarry, Longcliffe, near Brassington (Derbyshire). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 61, 43–63.

Benn, D. (1992) The genesis and significance of 'hummocky moraine': evidence from the Isle of Skye, Scotland. Quaternary Science Reviews, 11, 781–99.

Benn, D.I. (1994) Fabric shape and the interpretation of sedimentary fabric data. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 64, 910–15.

Benn, D.I. (1995) Fabric signature of till deformation, Breidamerkurjokull, Iceland. Sedimentology, 42, 735–47.

Benn, D.I. and Ballantyne, C.K. (1994) Reconstructing the transport history of glacigenic sediments: a new approach based on the co-variance of clast shape indices. Sedimentary Geology, 91, 215–27.

Benn, D.I. and Evans, D.J.A. (1996) The interpretation and classification of subglacially-deformed materials. Quaternary Science Reviews, 15, 23–52.

Benn, D.I. and Evans, D.J.A. (1998) Glaciers and Glaciation, Arnold, London, 734 pp.

Bennett, K.D. and Preece, R.C. (1998) Palaeobotany. In Late Quaternary Environmental Change in North-west Europe: Excavations at Holywell Coombe, South-east England (eds R.C. Preece and D.R. Bridgland), Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 123–48.

Bennett, M.R. (1994) Morphological evidence as a guide to deglaciation following the Loch Lomond Readvance: a review of research approaches and models. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 110, 24–32.

Bennett, M.R. and Doyle, P. (1994) Carruthers and the theory of glacial undermelt: lessons from a pamphleteer? Geology Today, September–October, 191–93.

Bennett, M.R. and Glasser, N.F. (1996) Glacial Geology: Ice Sheets and Landforms, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, 364 pp.

Bennett, M.R, Hambrey, M.J. and Huddart, D. (1997) Modification of clast shape in high-arctic environments. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 67, 550–9.

Bennett, M.R., Hambrey, Mi., Huddart, D., Glasser, N.F. and Crawford, K. (1998) The ice-dammed lakes of Ossian Sarsfjellet (Svalbard): their geomorphology and significance. Boreas, 27, 25–43.

Bennett, M.R, Waller, R.I., Glasser, N.F., Hambrey, Mi. and Huddart, D. (1999) Glacigenic clast fabrics: genetic fingerprint or wishful thinking? Journal of Quaternary Science, 14, 125–35.

Berggren, W.A., Burckle, L.H., Cita, M.B. et al. (1980) Towards a Quaternary time scale.

Quaternary Research, 13, 277–302.

Berridge, N.G. and Pattison, J. (1994) Geology of the Country around Grimsby and Patrington, Memoir (Sheet) of the British Geological Survey (England and Wales) (81, 82, 90, 91), HMSO, London, 96 pp.

Best, R.H. (1956) Westward proglacial drainage in Cleveland. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 30, 301–19.

Binford, L.R. (1978a) Dimensional analysis of behaviour and site structure: learning from an Eskimo hunting stand. American Antiquity, 43, 330–61.

Binford, L.R. (1978b) Nunamuit Ethnoarchaeology, Academic Press, New York, 509 pp.

Binford, L.R. (1983) In Pursuit of the Past: decoding the archaeological record, Thames and Hudson, London, 256 pp.

Binney, E.W. (1848) Sketch of the drift deposits of Manchester and its neighbourhood. Memoir of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, Series 2, 8, 195–234.

Binney, E.W. and Talbot, J.H. (1843) On the petroleum found in the Downholland Moss, near Ormskirk. Paper read at Fifth Annual General Meeting of the Manchester Geological Society, 6 October 1843.

Birks, H.J.B. (1964) Chat Moss, Lancashire. Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Geological Society, 8, 41–8.

Birks, H.J.B. (1965a) Late-Glacial deposits at Bagmere, Cheshire and Chat Moss, Lancashire. New Phytologist, 64, 270–5.

Birks, H.J.B. (1965b) Pollen analytical investigations at Holcroft Moss, Lancashire and Lindow Moss, Cheshire. Journal of Ecology, 53, 299–314.

Birks, H.J.B. (1973) Past and Present Vegetation on the Isle of Skye — a Palaeoecological Study, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 415 pp.

Birks, H.J.B. (1982) Mid-Flandrian forest history of Roudsea Wood National Nature Reserve, Cumbria. New Phytologist, 90, 339–54.

Birks, fl.J.B. (1988) Long term ecological change in the British uplands. In Ecological Change in the Uplands (eds M.B. Usher and D.B.A. Thompson), British Ecological Society Special Publication, No. 7, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 37–56.

Bisat, W.S. (1932) On the subdivision of the Holderness boulder clays. The Naturalist, Hull, 215–19.

Bisat, W.S. (1939) The relationship of the 'Basement Clays' of Dimlington, Bridlington and Filey Bays. Naturalist, 133–135, 161–8.

Bisat, W.S. (1940) Older and newer drift in east Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 24, 137–51.

Bisat, W.S. (1946) Fluvioglacial gravels at Stanley Ferry, near Wakefield. Transactions of the Leeds Geological Association, 6, 31–6.

Bisat, W.S. (1948) Interglacial moss at Dimlington, Yorkshire. The Naturalist, Hull, 1.

Bisat, W.S. and Dell, J.A. (1941) The occurrence of a bed containing moss in the boulder clays of Dimlington. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 24, 219–22.

Bjork, S., Walker, M.J.C., Cwynar, L.C. et al. (1998) An event stratigraphy for the Last Termination in the North Atlantic region based on the Greenland ice-core record: a proposal by the INTIMATE group. Journal of Quaternary Science, 13, 283–92.

Blackburn, K.B. (1931) The Late-Glacial and Post-Glacial periods in the North Pennines. II. Possible survivals in our flora. Transactions of the Northumberland Naturalists Union, 1, 30–36.

Blackburn, K.B. (1952) The dating of a deposit containing an elk skeleton found at Neasham near Darlington, County Durham. New Phytologist, 51, 364–77.

Blackburn, K.B. (1939) Biological Report. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, 2, 18–25.

Blackford, J.J. and Chambers, F.M. (1991) Proxy records of climate from blanket mires: evidence for a dark-age (1400 BP) climatic deterioration in the British Isles. The Holocene, 1, 63–7.

Blackford, J.J. and Chambers, F.M. (1999) Harold's Bog, East Bilsdale Moor. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 113–130.

Blackham, A. and Flenley, J.R. (1984) A pollen analytical study of the Flandrian vegetational history at Skipsea Withow. In Late Quaternary Environments and Man in Holderness (ed. D.D. Gilbertson), British Archaeological Reports British Series, 134, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, pp. 159–64.

Blackham, A., Davies, C. and Flenley, J.R. (1981) Evidence for Late Devensian landslipping and Late Flandrian forest regeneration at Gormire Lake, North Yorkshire. In The Quaternary in Britain (eds J. Neale and J. Flenley), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 184–93.

Blake W.H., Plater, A.J. and Boyle, J.F. (1998) Seasonal trends in the uranium-series isotopic signatures of lake waters and sediments: Hawes Water, northwest England. Journal of Paleolimnology, 20, 1–14.

Blatt, H., Middleton, G. and Murray, R. (1972) Origins of Sedimentary Rocks, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 634 pp.

Bluck, B.J. (1974) Structure and directional properties of some valley sandur deposits in Southern Iceland. Sedimentology, 21, 533–54.

Bluck, B.J. (1979) Structure of coarse-grained braided stream alluvium. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 70, 181–221.

Boardman, J. (1977) Stratified screen in the northern Lake District. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 3(4), 233–7.

Boardman, J. (1978) Greze litees near Keswick, Cumbria. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 27, 23–34.

Boardman, J. (1979) Pre-Devensian weathered tills near Threlkeld Common, Keswick, Cumbria. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 4(1), 33–44.

Boardman, J. (1980) Evidence for pre-Devensian glaciation in the northeastern Lake District. Nature, 286, 599–600.

Boardman, J. (1981) Quaternary geomorphology of the northeastern Lake District. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London, 410 pp.

Boardman, J. (1982) Glacial geomorphology of the Keswick area, northern Cumbria. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 4(2), 115–34.

Boardman, J. (1983) The role of micromorphological analysis in an investigation of the Troutbeck Paleosol, Cumbria, England. In Soil Micromorphology (eds P. Bullock and C.P. Murphy), A.B. Academic Publishers, Berkhamsted, pp. 281–8.

Boardman, J. (ed.) (1985a) Field Guide to the Periglacial Landforms of Northern England, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, 82 pp.

Boardman, J. (1985b) The northeastern Lake District: periglacial slope deposits. In Field Guide to the Periglacial Landforms of Northern England (ed. J. Boardman), Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp 23–37.

Boardman, J. (1985c) The Troutbeck paleosol, Cumbria, England. In Soils and Quaternary Landscape Evolution (ed. J. Boardman), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 231–60.

Boardman, J. (1991) Glacial deposits of the English Lake District. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, E.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 175–83.

Boardman, J. (1992) Quaternary landscape evolution in the English Lake District: a discussion. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 5(3), 285–315.

Boardman, J. (1996) Classic Landforms of the Lake District, Classic Landform Guides, new edn, Geographical Association in conjunction with the British Geomorphological Research Group, Sheffield, 52 pp.

Bolton, J. (1862) On a deposit with insects, leaves, etc. near Ulverston. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 18, 274–7.

Bond, G. and Lotti, R. (1995) Iceberg discharges into the North Atlantic on millennial time-scales during the last glaciation. Science, 267, 1005–10.

Bonney, A.P, Mathers, S.J. and Haworth, E.Y. (1986) Interstadial deposits with Chelford affinities from Burland, Cheshire. Mercian Geologist, 10, 151–60.

Bonny, A.R (1972) A method for determining absolute pollen frequencies in lake sediments. New Phytologist, 71, 391–403.

Bonsall, C. (1981) The coastal factor in the Mesolithic settlement in North West England. In The Mesolithic in Europe, Second International Symposium, Potsdam, 3–8 April 1978 (ed. B. Gramsch), Veröffentlichungen des Museums für Urund Frühgeschichte Potsdam, Bd 14–15, Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin, pp. 451–72.

Bonsall, C. (1984) Low Hauxley, Northumberland. Summary excavation report. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 50, 398.

Bonsall, C., Sutherland, D.G. and Payton, R.W. (1994) The Eskmeals coastal foreland: archaeology and shoreline development. In Cumbria: field guide (eds J. Boardman and J. Walden), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Oxford, pp. 90–102.

Boothroyd, J.C. and Ashley, G.M. (1975) Processes, bar morphology and sedimentary structures on braided outwash fans, northeastern Gulf of Alaska. In Glaciofluvial and Glaciolacustrine Sedimentation (eds A.V. Jopling and B.C. McDonald), Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication, No. 23, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, pp. 193–222.

Bott, M.H.P. (1967) Geophysical investigations of the northern Pennine basement rocks. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 36, 139–68.

Boult, J. (1865) On the alleged submarine forests on the shores of Liverpool Bay and the River Mersey. Journal of the Polytechnic Society 1865, 29–48.

Boulter, M.C. (1971a) A palynological study of two of the Neogene Plant Beds in Derbyshire. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History): Geology, 19, 360–411.

Boulter, M.G. (1971b) A survey of the Neogene flora from the Derbyshire pocket deposits. Mercian Geologist, 4, 45–62.

Boulter, M.C., Ford, T.D., Ijtaba, M. and Walsh, P.T. (1971) Brassington Formation: a newly recognised Tertiary formation in the southern Pennines. Nature, 231, 134–6.

Boulton, G.S. (1967) The development of a complex supraglacial moraine at the margin of Sørbreen, Ny Friesland, Vestspitsbergen. Journal of Glaciology, 6, 717–36.

Boulton, G.S. (1968) Flow tills and related deposits on some Vestspitsbergen glaciers. Journal of Glaciology, 7, 391–412.

Boulton, G.S. (1970) On the origin and transport of englacial debris in Svalbard glaciers. Journal of Glaciology, 9, 213–28.

Boulton, G.S. (1971) Till genesis and fabric in Svalbard, Spitsbergen. In Till: a Symposium (ed. R.P. Goldthwait), Ohio State University Press, Columbus, pp. 41–72.

Boulton, G.S. (1972) Modern Arctic glaciers as depositional models for former ice sheets. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 128, 361–93.

Boulton, G.S. (1976) A genetic classification of tills and criteria for distinguishing tills of different origin. In Till: its Genesis and Diagenesis (ed. W Stankowski), Uniwersytet im Adama Mickiewicza W Paznaniu, Seria Geografia, 12, 65–80.

Boulton, G.S. (1977) A multiple till sequence formed by a Late-Devensian Welsh ice cap: Glanllynau, Gwynedd. Cambria, 4, 10–31.

Boulton G.S. (1978) Boulder shapes and grain-size distributions of debris as indicators of transport paths through a glacier and till genesis. Sedimentology, 25, 773–99.

Boulton, G.S. (1979) Processes of glacier erosion on different substrata. Journal of Glaciology, 23, 15–38.

Boulton, G.S. (1987) A theory of drumlin formation by subglacial deformation. In Drumlin Symposium: proceedings of the Drumlin Symposium, first International Conference on Geomorphology, Manchester, 16–18 September 1985 (eds J. Menzies and J Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 25–80.

Boulton, G.S. (1996) Theory of glacial erosion, transport and deposition as a consequence of subglacial sediment deformation. Journal of Glaciology, 42, 43–62.

Boulton, G.S. and Dobbie, K.E. (1993) Consolidation of sediments by glaciers: relations between sediment geotechnics, soft-bed glacier dynamics and subglacial groundwater flow. Journal of Glaciology, 39, 26–44.

Boulton, G.S. and Eyles, N. (1979) Sedimentation by valley glaciers: a model and genetic classification. In Moraines and Varves: origin, genesis, classification: proceedings of an INQUA Symposium on Genesis and Lithology of Quaternary Deposits, Zurich, 10–20 September 1978, (ed. C. Schliichter), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 11–24.

Boulton, G.S. and Hindmarsh, R.C.A. (1987) Sediment deformation beneath glaciers: rheology and geological consequences. Journal of Geophysical Research, 92, 9059–82.

Boulton, G.S. and Paul, M.A. (1976) The influence of genetic processes on some geotechnical properties of glacial tills. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 9, 159–94.

Boulton, G.S. and Worsley, P. (1965) Late Weichselian glaciation of the Cheshire–Shropshire Basin. Nature, 207, 704–6.

Boulton, G.S., Jones, A.S., Clayton, K.M. and Kenning, M.J. (1977) A British ice sheet model and patterns of glacial erosion and deposition in Britain. In British Quaternary Studies: Recent Advances (ed. F.W. Shotton), Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 231–46.

Boulton, G.S., Smith, G.S., Jones, A.J. and Newsome, J. (1985) Glacial geology and glaciology of the last mid-latitude ice sheets. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 142, 447–74.

Boulton, G.S., Peacock, J.D. and Sutherland, D.G. (1991) Quaternary. In Geology of Scotland (ed. G.Y. Craig), 3rd edn, Geological Society of London, London, pp. 503–43.

Bourke, R. (1993) A palynological study of the Late-glacial in Gransmoor Quarry, East Yorkshire. Unpublished MSc thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London.

Bowen, D.Q. (1973) The Pleistocene history of Wales and the borderland. Geological Journal, 8, 207–24.

Bowen, D.Q. (1978) Quaternary Geology: a Stratigraphic Framework for Multidisciplinary work, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 221 pp

Bowen, D.Q. (1989) The last interglacial-glacial cycle in the British Isles. Quaternary International, 3/4, 41–7.

Bowen, D.Q. (1991) Time and space in the glacial sediment systems of the British Isles. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (ed. J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 3–11.

Bowen, D.Q. (1999) A Revised Correlation of Quaternary Deposits in the British Isles, Geological Society of London Special Report, No. 23, Geological Society of London, Bath, pp. 174.

Bowen, D.Q. and Sykes, G.A. (1988) Correlation of marine events and glaciations on the North East Atlantic Margin. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B318, 619–35.

Bowen, D.Q. and Sykes, G.A. (1991) Discussion of 'The correlation of the Speeton Shell Bed, Filey Bay to an oxygen isotope stage'. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 48, 463–5.

Bowen, D.Q., Rose, J., McCabe, A.M. and Sutherland, D.G. (1986) Correlation of Quaternary glaciations in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Quaternary Science Reviews, 5, 299–340.

Bowen, D.Q., Hughes, S., Sykes, G.A. and Miller, G.H. (1989) Land–sea correlations in the Pleistocene based on isoleucine epimerization in non-marine molluscs. Nature, 340, 49–51.

Bowen, D.Q., Smith, D.B. and Sykes, G.A. (1991) The age of the Easington Raised Beach, County Durham. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 48, 415–20.

Bower, M.M. (1960a) Peat erosion in the Pennines. Advancement of Science, 16, 323–31.

Bower, M.M. (1960b) The erosion of blanket peat in the southern Pennines. East Midland Geographer, 13, 22–33.

Bower, M.M. (1961) The distribution of erosion in blanket peat bogs in the Pennines. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 29, 17–30.

Bower, M.M. (1962) The cause of erosion in blanket peat bogs. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 78, 33–43.

Boyce, J.I. and Eyles, N. (1991) Drumlins carved by deforming till streams below the Laurentide ice sheet. Geology, 19, 787–90.

Boyce, J.I. and Eyles, N. (2000) Architectural element analysis applied to glacial deposits: internal geometry of a late Pleistocene till sheet, Ontario, Canada. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 112, 98–118.

Boylan, P.J. (1966a) New records of Holocene Mollusca from East Yorkshire. The Naturalist, 899, 113–18.

Boylan, P.J. (1966b) The Pleistocene deposits of Kirmington, Lincolnshire. Mercian Geologist, 1, 339–50.

Boylan, P.J. (1967) Pleistocene Mammalia of the Sewerby–Hessle buried cliff. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 36, 115–25.

Boylan, P.J. (1972) The scientific significance of the Kirkdale Cave hyaenas. Yorkshire Philosophical Society Annual Report for 1971, 38–47.

Boylan, P.J. (1977a) Kirkdale Cave. In Yorkshire and Lincolnshire (ed. J. Catt), International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, C7, International Union for Quaternary Research, Birmingham, pp. 26–7.

Boylan, P.J. (1977b) Victoria Cave. In Yorkshire and Lincolnshire (ed. J. Catt), International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, C7, International Union for Quaternary Research, Birmingham, pp. 52–3.

Bradshaw, M.E. (1970) The Teesdale Flora. In Durham County and City with Teesside (ed. J.C. Dewdney), British Association for the Advancement of Science (Durham Local Executive Committee), Durham, pp. 141–152.

Bradshaw, M.E. and Clark, W.A. (1965) Flora and vegetation. Chapter 3. In The Natural History of Upper Teesdale (ed. D.H. Valentine), Northumberland and Durham Naturalist's Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne.

Bradshaw, M.E. and Clark, W.A. (1976) Flora and vegetation. In The Natural History of Upper Teesdale (ed. M.E. Bradshaw), rev. edn, Durham Conservation Trust Ltd, Darlington, pp. 23–41.

Bradshaw, M.E., Clark, W.A. and Turner, J. (1976) Origin and history of the Teesdale Flora. In The Natural History of Upper Teesdale (ed. M.E. Bradshaw), rev. edn, Durham Conservation Trust Ltd, Darlington, pp. 42–9.

Bramwell, D. (1964) The excavations at Elder Bush Cave, Wetton, Staffordshire. North Staffordshire Journal of Field Studies, 4, 46–59.

Bramwell, D. and Shotton, F.W. (1982) Rodent remains from the caddis-bearing tufa of Elder Bush Cave. Quaternary Newsletter, 38, 7–13.

Branch, N.P. and Scaife, R.G. (1995) The stratigraphy and pollen analysis of peat sequences associated with the Lindow III bog body. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds. R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 19–30.

Brayshay, B. (1999) Some palaeoenvironmental evidence for marginality in the upper Mersey Basin. In Living on the Edge of Empire: Models, Methodology and Marginality. Late Prehistoric and Romano-British Rural Settlement in Northwest England (ed. M. Nevell), Council for British Archaeology North West, Field Archaeology Centre at the University of Manchester and Chester Archaeology, Manchester, pp 82–9

Breeze, D.J. and Dobson, B. (1978) Hadrian's Wall, rev. edn, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 324 pp.

Brenchley, P. (1968) An investigation into the glacial deposits at Thurstaston, Wirral. Amateur Geologist, 3, 27–40.

Brennand, T.A. (1994) Macroforms, large bedforms and rhythmic sedimentary sequences in subglacial eskers, south-central Ontario, implications for esker genesis and meltwater regime. Sedimentary Geology, 51, 9–55.

Brew, D.S., Funnell, B.M. and Kreiser, A. (1992) Sedimentary environments and Holocene evoldtion of the lower Blyth estuary, Suffolk (England), and a comparison with other East Anglian coastal sequences. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 103, 57–74.

Bridger, J.F.D. (1975) The Pleistocene succession in the southern part of Charnwood Forest. Mercian Geologist, 5, 189–203.

Bridger, J.F.D. (1977) Barmston. In Yorkshire and Lincolnshire (ed. J. Catt), International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, C7, International Union for Quaternary Research, Birmingham, pp. 32–6.

Bridger, J.F.D. (1981) The glaciation of Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire and its geomorphological significance. In The Quaternary in Britain (eds J. Neale and J. Flenley), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 68–81.

Bridgland, D.R. (1994) Quaternary of the Thames, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 7, Chapman and Hall, London, 441 pp.

Bridgland, D.R. (1999) The Pleistocene of northeast England. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 1–9.

Bridgland, D.R. and Austin, W.E.N. (1999) Shippersea Bay to Hawthorn Hive. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 51–6.

Bridgland, D.R. and Thomas, G.N. (1999) Kirmington. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 180–4.

Briggs, C.S. (1995) Did they fall or were they pushed? Some unresolved questions about bog bodies. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 168–82.

Briggs, C.S. and Turner, R.C. (1986) The bog burials of Britain and Ireland. In Lindow Man. Body in the Bog (eds. I.M. Stead, J.B. Bourke and D. Brothwell), British Museum Publications, London, pp. 144–62.

Briggs, D.J. and Burek, C.V. (1985) Quaternary deposits in the Peak District. In Peak District and Northern Dukeries: field guide (eds D.J. Briggs, D.D.Gilbertson and R.D.S. Jenkinson), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 17–32.

Bristow, C.R. and Cox, F.C. (1973) The Gipping Till: a reappraisal of East Anglian glacial stratigraphy. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 129, 1–37.

British Geological Survey (1991) Sheet 81 Patrington (and including parts of Sheets 82 and 90) Solid and Drift Geology, British Geological Survey 1:50 000 Series: England and Wales, Ordnance Survey, Southampton.

Brodrick, H. (1903) Martin Mere. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Transactions Section C, p. 656.

Brodzikowski, K., Gotowala, R., Haluszczak, A., Krzyskowski, D. and Van Loon, A.J. (1987) Soft-sediment deformations from the glaciodeltaic, glaciolacustrine and fluviolacustrine sediments from the Kleszczow graben (Poland). In Deformation of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks (eds M.E. Jones and R.M.F. Preston), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 29, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 255–67.

Broecker, W.S. (1994) Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global climate change. Nature, 372, 421–4.

Bronger, A. and Catt, J.A. (1989) Paleosols: problems of definition, recognition and interpretation. Catena, Supplement, 16, 1–7.

Brook, A., Brook, D., Davies, G.M. and Long, M.H. (1982) Northern Caves, Vol. 2: Penyghent and Malham, 2nd edn, Dalesman, Clapham, 128 pp.

Brooks, S.J. and Birks, H.J.B. (2000) Chironomid-inferred Late-glacial air temperatures at Whitrig Bog, Southeast Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science, 15, 759–64.

Brothwell, D. (1986) The Bog Man and the Archaeology of People, British Museum Publications, London, 128 pp.

Brothwell, D. (1995) Recent research on the Lindow bodies in the context of five years of world studies. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 100–3.

Brothwell, D. and Bourke, J.B. (1995) The human remains from Lindow Moss 1987–8. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 52–58.

Brown, A.G. (1988) The palaeoecology of Alnus (alder) and the postglacial history of flood-plain vegetation: pollen percentage and influx data from the West Midlands, UK. New Phytologist, 110, 425–36.

Brown, A.G. (1990) Holocene floodplain diachronism and inherited downstream variations in fluvial processes: a study of the River Perry, Shropshire, England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 5, 39–51.

Browne, M., Heath, R.J., Huddart, D. and Nathanail, P. (eds) (1997) The Quaternary Geology of West Cumbria Field Guide, Environment Group of the Geological Society of London, London, 100 pp.

Brumhead, D. (1979) Geology Explained in the Yorkshire Dales and on the Yorkshire Coast, David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 192 pp.

Bryan, K. (1923) Pedestal rocks in the arid South-west. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, B 0760-A, 1–11.

Bryan, K. (1926) Pedestal rocks formed by differential erosion and channel erosion of the Rio Salado, Socorro County, New Mexico, U.S Geological Survey Bulletin, B 0790-A, 1–19.

Bryant, R.H. and Carpenter, C.P. (1987) Ramparted ground ice depressions in Britain and Ireland. In Periglacial Processes and Landforms in Britain and Ireland (ed. J. Boardman), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 183–90.

Bryant, R.H., Carpenter, C.P. and Ridge, T.S. (1985) Pingo scars and related features in the Whicham Valley, Cumbria. In Field Guide to the Periglacial Landforms of Northern England (ed. J. Boardman), Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 47–53.

Buckland, P.C. (1979) Thorne Moors: a Palaeoecological Study of a Bronze Age Site, Department of Geography University of Birmingham Occasional Publication, No. 8, Department of Geography, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, 173 pp.

Buckland, P.C. (1982) The coversands of north Lincolnshire and the Vale of York. In Papers in Earth Studies: Lovatt Lectures — Worcester (eds B.H. Adlam, C.R. Fenn and L. Morris), Geo Books, Norwich, pp. 143–78.

Buckland, P.C. (1995) Peat stratigraphy and the age of the Lindow Bodies. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 47–9.

Buckland, P.C. and Edwards, K.J. (1984) The longevity of pastoral episodes of clearance activity in pollen diagrams: the role of post-occupation grazing. Journal of Biogeography, 11, 243–9.

Buckland P.C. and Sadler J. (1985) The nature of late Flandrian alluviation in the Humberhead levels. East Midland Geographer, 8, 239–51.

Buckland, P.C., Pyatt, F.B. and Housley, R. (1994) Paints, dates, bog stratigraphy and murder: some comments on Lindow Man. In Whither Environmental Archaeology? (eds R. Luff and P Bowley-Conwy). Oxbow Monograph, No. 38, Oxbow Books, Oxford, pp. 7–12.

Buckland, W. (1822) An account of an assemblage of fossil teeth and bones discovered in a cave at Kirkdale. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 122, 171–236.

Biidel, J. (1982). Climatic Geomorphology, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 443 pp.

Budworth, G., McCord, M., Priston, A.V. and Stead, I.M. (1986) The artefacts. In Lindow Man. Body in the Bog (eds. I.M. Stead, J.B. Bourke and D. Brothwell), British Museum Publications, London, pp. 38–40.

Bullerwell, R.G.A. (1910) A section of the cliffs near Newbiggin-by-the Sea, in which is exposed a gravel bed containing Chalk flints. Transactions of the Natural History of Northumberland, 4, 61–8.

Bullock, P, Carroll, D.M. and Jarvis, R.A. (1973) Palaeosol features in Northern England. Nature, 242, 53–4.

Bunting, B.T. (1961) The role of seepage moisture in soil formation, slope development and stream initiation. American Journal of Science, 259, 503–18.

Burek, C. (1977) In Limestones and Caves of the Peak District (ed. T.D. Ford), Geo Abstracts, Norwich, 469 pp.

Burek, C.V. (1978) Quaternary deposits on the Carboniferous Limestone of Derbyshire, Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Leicester, 509 pp.

Burek, C.V. (1991) Quaternary history and glacial deposits of the Peak District. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 193–202.

Burgess, I.C. and Mitchell, M. (1994) Origin of limestone pavements. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 5(4), [for 1992–3], 405–12.

Burgess, I.C. and Wadge, A.J. (1974) The Geology of the Cross Fell Area: Explanation of 1:25 000 geological Special Sheet comprising parts of Sheets NY53, 62, 63, 64, 71, 72, 73, Classic Areas of Geology Description of 1:25 000 Sheets, HMSO, London, 91 pp.

Burleigh, R., Ambers, J. and Matthews, K. (1983) British Museum natural radiocarbon measurements XVI. Radiocarbon, 25, 40.

Bush, M.B. (1986) The Late Quaternary Palaeoecological History of the Great Wold Valley. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Hull.

Bush, M.B. (1988a) Early Mesolithic disturbance: a force on the landscape. Journal of Archaeological Science, 15, 453–62.

Bush, M.B. (1988b) The use of multivariate analysis and modern analogue sites as an aid to the interpretation of data from fossil mollusc assemblages. Journal of Biogeography, 15, 849–61.

Bush, M.B. (1989) On the antiquity of British chalk grasslands: a response to Thomas. Journal of Archaeological Science, 16, 555–60.

Bush, M.B. (1993) An 11 400 year palaeoecological history of a British chalk grassland. Journal of Vegetation Science, 4, 47–66.

Bush, M.B. and Ellis, S. (1987) The sedimentological and vegetational history of Willow Garth. In East Yorkshire: field guide (ed. S. Ellis), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 42–52.

Bush, M.B. and Flenley, J.R. (1987) The age of the British chalk grasslands. Nature, 395, 484–85.

Bush, M.B. and Hall, A.R. (1987) Flandrian Alnus: expansion or immigration? Journal of Biogeography, 14, 479–81.

Bushell, T.P. (1986) Reservoir geology of the Morecambe Field. In Habitat of Palaeozoic Gas in NW Europe: proceedings of a conference held at the Royal Society, London, on 11th and 12th February 1995 (eds J. Brooks, J. Goff and B. Van Hoorn), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 23, Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh, pp. 189–208.

Butterworth, A. and Lewis, G.D. (1968) Prehistoric and Roman Times in the Sheffield Area, Sheffield City Museums, Sheffield, 16 pp.

Butzer, K. (1965) Environment and Archaeology: an introduction to Pleistocene geography, Methuen, London, 524 pp.

Caine, N. (1967) The tors of Ben Lomond, Tasmania. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 11, 418–29.

Caine, N. (1992) Sediment transfer on the floor of the Martinelli snowpatch, Colorado Front Range, USA. Geografiska Annaler, 74A, 133–44.

Caine, T.N. (1963a) The origin of sorted stripes in the Lake District, northern England. Geografiska Annaler, 45A, 172–9.

Caine, T.N. (1963b) Movement of low angle scree slopes in the Lake District, northern England. Revue de Géomorphologie Dynamique, 14, 171–7.

Caine, T.N. (1972) The distribution of sorted patterned ground in the English Lake District. Revue de Géomorphologie. Dynamique, 21(2), 49–56.

Cameron A.G. (1878) Notes on some peat deposits at Kildale and West Hartlepool. Geological Magazine, 5, 351–2.

Cameron, K. (1959) The Placenames of Derbyshire, English Place Name Society, Cambridge University Press, London.

Cameron, T.D.J., Crosby, A., Balson, P.S. etal. (1992) The Geology of the Southern North Sea, United Kingdom Offshore Regional Report, No. 7, HMSO, London, 152 pp.

Cameron, T.D.J., Stoker, M.S. and Long, D. (1987) The history of Quaternary sedimentation in the UK sector of the North Sea Basin. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 144, 43–58.

Campbell, J.B. (1969) Excavations at Creswell Crags. Derbyshire Archaeological Journal, 89, 47–58.

Campbell, J.B. (1977) The Upper Palaeolithic of Britain: a Study of Man and Nature in the Late Ice Age, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Campbell, S. and Bowen, D.Q. (1989) Quaternary of Wales, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 2, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough 237 pp.

Campbell, S., Hunt, C.O., Scourse, J.D., Keen, D.H. and Stephens, N. (1998) Quaternary of South-west England, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 14, Chapman and Hall, London, 439 pp.

Carling, P. (1997) Sedimentology of the 1749 flood deposit. In Geomorphology of the Lake District: a Field Guide (ed J. Boardman), Environmental Change Unit for the British Geomorphological Research Group, Oxford, pp. 23–9.

Carroll, D.M. and Bendelow, V.C. (1981) Soils of the North York Moors, Soil Survey Special Survey, No. 13, Soil Survey of England and Wales, Harpenden, 132 pp.

Carruthers, R.G. (1939) On Northern glacial drifts: some peculiarities and their significance. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 95, 299–310.

Carruthers, R.G. (1947) The secret of the glacial drifts. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 27, 43–57.

Carruthers, R.G. (1948) The secret of the glacial drifts. Part II. Applications to Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 27, 129–72.

Carruthers, R.G. (1953) Glacial Drifts and the Undermelt Theory, Harold Hill, Newcastle, 42 pp.

Carruthers, R.G., Dinham, C.H., Burnett, G.A. and Maden, J. (1927) The Geology of Belford, Holy Island and the Fame Islands: Explanation of Sheet 4, 2nd edn, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series, HMSO, London, 195 pp.

Carruthers, R.G., Burnett, G.A. and Anderson, W. (1930) The Geology of the Alnwick district: Explanation of Sheet 6, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series, HMSO, London, 138 pp.

Carruthers, R.G., Burnett, G.A. and Anderson, W. (1932) The Geology of the Cheviot Hills: Explanation of Sheets 3 and 5, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series, HMSO, London, 174 pp.

Carson, M.A. and Petley, D.J. (1970) The existence of threshold hillslopes in the denudation of the landscape. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 49, 71–95.

Carter, B.A., Johnson, A.L. and Turner, J. (1978) An interglacial deposit at Scandal Beck, N.W. England. New Phytologist, 81, 785–90.

Carter, R.J. (1977) Age estimation of the roe deer (capreolus capreolus) mandibles from the Mesolithic site of Star Carr, Yorkshire, based on radiographs of mandibular tooth development. Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 241, 495–502.

Carter, W.L. (1905) The glaciation of the Don and Dearne valleys. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 15, 411–36.

Catt, J.A. (1963) Stratigraphical Investigations in the Pleistocene Deposits of Holderness, East Yorkshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Hull.

Catt, J.A. (1977a) General introduction. In Yorkshire and Lincolnshire (ed. J. Catt), International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, C7, International Union for Quaternary Research, Birmingham, pp. 6–9.

Catt, J.A. (1977b) Kirmington. In Yorkshire and Lincolnshire (ed. J. Catt), International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, C7, International Union for Quaternary Research, Birmingham, pp. 14–16.

Catt, J.A. (ed.) (1977c) Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, C7, International Union for Quaternary Research, Birmingham, 56 pp.

Catt, J.A. (1977d) York and Escrick moraines. In Yorkshire and Lincolnshire (ed. J. Catt), International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, C7, International Union for Quaternary Research, Birmingham, pp. 16–17.

Catt, J.A. (1980) Till facies associated with the Devensian glacial maximum in eastern England. Quaternary Newsletter, 30, 4–10.

Catt, J.A. (1981) British pre-Devensian glaciations. In The Quaternary in Britain (eds J. Neale and J. Flenley), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 9–19.

Can, J.A. (1982) The Quaternary deposits of the Yorkshire Wolds. Proceedings of the North of England Soils Discussion Group, 18, 61–7.

Catt, J.A. (1986) Soils and Quaternary Geology: a handbook for field scientists, Monographs on soil and resource surveys, No. 11, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 267 pp.

Catt, J.A. (1987a) The Quaternary of East Yorkshire and adjacent areas. In East Yorkshire: field guide (ed. S. Ellis), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 1–14.

Catt, J.A. (1987b) Dimlington. In East Yorkshire: field guide (ed. S. Ellis), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 82–98.

Catt, J.A. (1987c) Sewerby. In East Yorkshire: field guide (ed. S. Ellis), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 53–7.

Catt, J.A. (1990a) Palaeopedology manual. Quaternary International, 6, 1–95.

Catt, J.A. (1990b) Geology and relief. In Humber Perspectives. A Region Through the Ages (eds S. Ellis and D.R. Crowther), Hull University Press, Hull, pp. 13–28.

Catt, J.A. (1991a) Late Devensian glacial deposits and glaciations in eastern England and the adjoining offshore region. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 61–8.

Catt, J.A. (1991b) The Quaternary history and glacial deposits of East Yorkshire. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, E.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 185–92.

Catt, J.A. (1996) Recent work on Quaternary palaeosols in Britain. Quaternary International, 34–36, 183–90.

Catt, J.A. and Digby, P.G.N. (1988) Boreholes at Easington, Holderness, July 1985. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 47, 21–7.

Catt, J.A. and Hodgson, J.M. (1976) Soils and geomorphology of the chalk of south east England. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 1, 181–93.

Catt, J.A. and Madgett, P.A. (1981) The work of W.S. Bisat FRS on the Yorkshire Coast. In The Quaternary in Britain (eds J. Neale and J. Flenley), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 119–36.

Catt, J.A. and Penny, L.F. (1966) The Pleistocene deposits of Holderness, East Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 35, 375–420.

Catt, J.A., Weir, A.H. and Madgett, P.A. (1974) The loess of eastern Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 40, 23–39.

Caulfield, S. (1978) Star Carr — an alternative view. Irish Archaeological Research Forum, 5, 15–22.

Chambers, C. (1974) Vegetational history of Teesdale. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Durham.

Chambers, C. (1978) A radiocarbon dated pollen diagram from Valley Bog, on the Moor House Nature Reserve. New Phytologist, 80, 273–80.

Chambers, F.M., Barber, K.E., Maddy, D. and Brew, J. (1997) A 5500-year proxy-climate and vegetation record from blanket mire at Taila Moss, Borders, Scotland. The Holocene, 7, 391–9.

Charlesworth, J.K. (1926) The glacial geology of the Southern Uplands, west of Annandale and upper Clydesdale. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 55, 1–23.

Charlesworth, J.K. (1955) The late-glacial history of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 62, 769–928.

Chiverrell, R.C. (1998) Moorland vegetation history and climate change on the North York Moors during the last 2000 years. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Leeds.

Chiverrell, R.C. and Atherden, M.A. (1999) Climate change and human impact — evidence from the peat stratigraphy at sites in the eastern North York Moors. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 113–30.

Chiverrell, R.C. and Atherden, M.A. (2000) Post Iron Age vegetation history and climate change on the North York Moors: a preliminary report. In People as an Agent of Environmental Change (eds R.A. Nicholson and T.P. O'Connor), Symposia of the Association for Environmental Archaeology, No. 16, Oxbow Books, Oxford. pp. 45–59.

Christiansen, H.H. (1996) Effects of nivation on periglacial landscape evolution in western Jutland, Denmark. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 7, 111–38.

Christiansen, H.H. (1998a) Nivation forms and processes in unconsolidated sediments, NE Greenland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 23, 751–60.

Christiansen, H.H. (1998b) 'Little Ice Age' nivation activity in northeast Greenland. The Holocene, 8, 719–28.

Church, M. and Gilbert, R. (1975) Proglacial fluvial and lacustrine environments. In Glaciofluvial and Glaciolacustrine Sedimentation (eds A.V. Jopling and B.C. McDonald), Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication, No. 23, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, pp. 22–100.

Clapham, A.J. (1999) The characterisation of two mid-Holocene submerged forests. Unpublished PhD thesis, Liverpool John Moores University.

Clapham, A.J., Clare, T and Wilkinson, D. (1997) A plant macrofossil investigation of a submerged forest. In Archaeological Science 1995: proceedings of a conference on the application of scientific techniques to the study of archaeology, Liverpool, July 1995, (eds A. Sinclair, E. Slater and J. Gowlett), Oxbow Monograph, No. 64, Oxbow Books, Oxford, pp. 265–70.

Clapham, A.R. (1978) Introduction. In Upper Teesdale: the Area and its Natural History (ed. A.R. Clapham), Collins, London, pp. 15–25.

Clapperton, C.M. (1966) The influence of topography on the superimposition of glacial meltwater streams. In Deglaciation: Geomorphological Symposium, the Institute of British Geographers, Saint Andrews, January 1966 (ed. R.J. Price), British Geomorphological Research Group, Occasional Paper, No. 3, British Geomorphological Research Group, Swansea, pp. 13–18.

Clapperton, C.M. (1967) The Deglaciation of the East Cheviot area, Northumberland. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.

Clapperton, C.M. (1968) Channels formed by the superimposition of glacial meltwater streams with special reference to the east Cheviot Hills, northeast England. Geografiska Annaler, 50A, 207–20.

Clapperton, C.M. (1970) The evidence for a Cheviot ice cap. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 50, 115–27.

Clapperton, C.M. (1971a) The pattern of deglaciation in part of north Northumberland. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 53, 67–78.

Clapperton, C.M. (1971b) The location and origin of glacial meltwater phenomena in the eastern Cheviot hills. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 38, 361–80.

Clapperton, C.M. and Sugden, D.E. (1977) The Late Devensian glaciation of north-east Scotland. In Studies in the Scottish Lateglacial Environment (eds J.M. Gray and J.J. Lowe), 1st edn, Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 1–13.

Clark, C.D. (1997) Reconstructing the evolutionary dynamics of former ice sheets using multi-temporal evidence, remote sensing and GIS. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16, 1067–92.

Clark, J.G.D. (1954) Excavations at Star Carr: an early Mesolithic site at Seamer near Scarborough, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 200 pp.

Clark, J.G.D. (1972) Star Carr: a Case Study in Bioarchaeology, Addison-Wesley Module in Anthropology, 10, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.

Clark, J.G.D. and Godwin, H. (1956) A Maglemosian site at Brandesburton, Holderness, Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 22, 6–22.

Clark, P.U. (1991) Striated clast pavements, products of deforming subglacial. sediment? Geology, 19, 530–3.

Clark, P.U., MacAyeal, D.R., Andrews, J.T. and Bartlein, P.J. (1995) Ice sheets play important role in climate change. EOS (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), 27, 265–6.

Clark, R. (1967) A contribution to glacial studies of the Malham Tarn area. Field Studies, 2, 479–91.

Clark, R. (1970) Aspects of glaciation in Northumberland. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 2, 133–56.

Clark, R. (1971) Periglacial landforms and landscapes in Northumberland. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 3, 5–20.

Clark, R. (1994a) Tors, rock platforms and debris slopes at Stiperstones, Shropshire, England. Field Studies, 8, 451–72.

Clark, R. (1994b) The Skiddaw Massif Problem. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 5(4) [for 1992–3], 437–48.

Clark, R. and Smith, R.A. (1998) The recent investigations into the Quaternary geology of West Cumbria. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 6(2) [for 1996–7], 203–25.

Clark, R. and Wilson, P (1994) Valley moraines in Borrowdale. In Cumbria: field guide (eds J. Boardman and J. Walden), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Oxford, pp. 153–6.

Clayton, K.M. (1953) The denudation chronology of part of the Middle Trent basin. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 19, 25–36.

Clayton, K.M. (1966) The Origin of the Landforms of the Malham Area. Field Studies, 2, 359–84.

Clayton, K.M. (1974) Zones of glacial erosion. In Progress in Geomorphology: papers in honour of David L. Linton (eds E.H. Brown and R.S. Waters), Institute of British Geographers Special Publication, No. 7, Institute of British Geographers, London, pp. 163–76.

Clayton, K.M. (1977) The rate of denudation of some British lowland landscapes. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 22, 721–31.

Clayton, K.M. (1979) The Midlands and southern Pennines. In Eastern and Central England (eds A. Straw and K.M. Clayton), Geomorphology of the British Isles, Methuen, London, pp. 141–240.

Clayton, K.M. (1981) Explanatory description of the landforms of the Malham area. Field Studies, 5, 389–423.

Clayton, K.M. (1996) Quantification of the impact of glacial erosion on the British Isles. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 21, 124–40.

Clayton, K.M. (1997) Neotectonics of the British Isles: the geomorphological evidence for tectonic activity in the last five million years. Nirex Report, NSS/R236.

Clayton, K.M. and Shamoon, N. (1997) A new approach to the relief of Great Britain, III. Derivation of the contribution of neotectonic movements and exceptional regional denudation to the present relief. Geomorphology, 27, 173–89.

Clayton, L. and Cherry, J.A. (1967) Pleistocene supraglacial and ice-walled lakes of west-central North America. In Glacial geology of the Missouri Coteau and adjacent areas (eds. L. Clayton and T.F. Freers), North Dakota Geological Survey Miscellaneous Series, No. 30, North Dakota Geological Survey, Grand Forks, pp. 47–52.

Clough, C.T. (1888) The Geology of the Cheviot Hills (English side) (Quarter-sheet 108 NE), Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — Old Series, HMSO, London, 60 pp.

Clough, R.McK. (1977) Some aspects of corrie initiation and evolution in the English Lake District. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 3, 209–32.

Cloutman, E.W. (1988a) Palaeoenvironments in the Vale of Pickering, part 1: stratigraphy and palaeogeography of Seamer Carr, Star Carr and Flixton Carr. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 54, 37–58.

Cloutman, E.W. (1988b) Palaeoenvironments in the Vale of Pickering. Part 2: Environmental history at Seamer Carr. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 54, 21–36.

Cloutman, E.W. and Smith, A.G. (1988) Palaeoenvironments in the Vale of Pickering. Part 3: Environmental history at Star Carr. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 54, 37–58.

Clutton-Brock, J. and Noe-Nygaard, N. (1990) New osteological and C-isotope evidence on Mesolithic dogs: companions to hunters and fishers at Star Carr, Seamer Carr and KongemOse. Journal of Archaeological Science, 17, 643–53.

Cocks, L.R.M. (1989) The geology of south Shropshire. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 4, 505–19.

Cole, E.M. (1879) On the origin and formation of the Wold dales. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 7, 128–40.

Cole, E.M. (1887) Note on dry valleys in the Chalk. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 9, 343–6.

Coles, B.J. (1990) Anthropomorphic wooden figurines from Britain and Ireland. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 56, 315–33.

Coles, B.J. (1993) Roos Carr and company. In A Spirit of Enquiry: Essays for Ted Wright (eds J. Coles, V Fenwick and G. Hutchinson), Wetland Archaeology Research Project Occasional Paper, No. 7, Wetland Archaeology Research Project, Nautical Archaeology Society and National Maritime Museum, Exeter, pp. 17–22.

Coles, G. (1985) The Quaternary palaeoecology of north Derbyshire: a brief review. In Peak District and Northern Dukeries: field guide (eds D.J. Briggs, D.D. Gilbertson and R.D.S. Jenkinson), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 7–16.

Coles, G. (1987) Aspects of the Application of Palynology to Cave Deposits in the Magnesian Limestone Region of North Nottinghamshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Sheffield.

Coles, G., Hunt, C.O. and Jenkinson, R.D.S. (1985) Robin Hood's Cave: palynology. In Peak District and Northern Dukeries: field guide (eds D.J. Briggs, D.D. Gilbertson and R.D.S. Jenkinson), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 178–82.

Colhoun, E.A., Common, R. and Cruickshank, M.M. (1965) Recent bog flows and debris slides in the north of Ireland. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Society of Dublin, Series A, 2, 163–74.

Common, R. (1953) The geomorphology of the east Cheviot area. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.

Common, R. (1954) The geomorphology of the east Cheviot area. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 70, 124–38.

Common, R. (1957) Variations in the Cheviot meltwater channels. Geographical Studies, 4, 90–103.

Connolly, R.C. (1985) Lindow Man: Britain's prehistoric body. Anthropology Today, 15, 15–17.

Conway, V.M. (1954) Stratigraphy and pollen analysis of southern Pennine blanket peats. Journal of Ecology, 42, 117–47.

Coope, G.R. (1959) A Late Pleistocene insect fauna from Chelford, Cheshire. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B151, 70–86.

Coope, G.R. (1977) Fossil coleopteran assemblages as sensitive indicators of climatic changes during the Devensian (last) cold stage. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B280, 313–40.

Coope, G.R. (1994) The Lateglacial coleoptera from St. Bees, Cumbria. In Cumbria: field guide (eds J. Boardman and J. Walden), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Oxford, pp. 86–9.

Coope, G.R. and Brophy, J.A. (1972) Late-glacial environmental changes indicated by a Coleopteran succession from North Wales. Boreas, 1, 97–142.

Coope, G.R. and Joachim, M.J. (1980) Lateglacial environmental changes interpreted from fossil coleoptera from St. Bees, Cumbria, NW England. In Studies in the Lateglacial of North-West Europe: including papers presented at a symposium of the Quaternary Research Association held at University College London, January 1979 (eds J.J. Lowe, J.M. Gray and J.E. Robinson), Pergamon Press, London, pp. 55–68.

Coope, G.R. and Lister, A.M. (1987) Late-glacial mammoth skeletons from Condover, Shropshire, England. Nature, 330, 472–4.

Coope, G.R. and Pennington, W. (1977) The Windermere Interstadial of the Late Devensian. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B280, 337–9.

Coope, G.R., Shotton, F.W. and Strachan, I. (1961) A Late Pleistocene fauna and flora from Upton Warren, Worcestershire. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B244, 379–421.

Coope, G.R., Morgan, A. and Osborne, P.J. (1971) Fossil coleoptera as indicators of climatic fluctuations during the last glaciation in Britain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoecology, Palaeoclimatology, 10, 87–101.

Coope, G.R., Lamdahl, G., Lowe, J.J. and Walking, A. (1998) Temperature gradients in northern Europe during the last glacial–Holocene transition (14–9 14C kyr BP) interpreted from coleopteran assemblages. Journal of Quaternary Science, 13, 419–33.

Cooper, E.A. and Proctor, M.C.F. (1998) Malham Tarn National Nature Reserve: the Vegetation of the Malham Tarn Moss and Fens. Field Studies, 9, 277–312.

Cope, F. (1999) The Peak District, 3rd edn (ed. J.T. Greensmith), Geologists' Association Guide, No 26, Geologists' Association, London, 78 pp.

Cope, F.W. (1939) Oil occurrences in south-west Lancashire. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, 2, 18–25.

Cope, J.C. (1984) The Mesozoic history of Wales. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 95, 373–85.

Corbel, J. (1957) Les Karsts du Nord Ouest de l'Europe et de quelques régions de comparison: etude sur le role du climat dans l'érosion des calcaires, Institut des Etudes Rhodaniennes de l'Universite de Lyon Memoires et Documents, No. 12, Ministere de l'Education Nationale, Lyon, 541 pp.

Corbel, J. (1959) Erosion en terrain calcaires. Annales de Géographie, 68, 97–120.

Coupland, G. and Woolacott, D. (1926) The superficial deposits near Sunderland and the Quaternary sequence in east Durham. Geological Magazine, 63, 1–12.

Cowell, M.R. and Craddock, P.T (1995) Copper in the skin of Lindow Man. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 74–5.

Cowell, R.W. and Inns, J.B. (1994) The Wetlands of Merseyside 1, National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside and Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, Short Run Press, Exeter.

Cowell, R.W., Miles, A. and Roberts, G. (1993) Prehistoric footprints on Formby Point beach, Merseyside. North West Wetlands, Annual Report, 1993, Lancaster, pp. 43–8.

Crampton, C.B. and Taylor, J.A. (1967) Solifluction terraces in South Wales. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 16, 15–36.

Crisp, D.T., Rawes, M. and Welch, D. (1964) A Pennine peat slide. Geographical Journal, 130, 519–24.

Crofts, W.H. (1906) Notes on the indications of a raised beach at Hessle. Transactions of the Hull Geological Society, 6, 58–64.

Crompton, E. (1966) Soils of the Preston District of Lancashire (sheet 75), Memoirs of the Soil Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales), Soil Survey and Land Research Centre, Harpenden, 128 pp.

Crow, J. (1995) English Heritage Book of Housesteads, B.T. Batsford and English Heritage, London, 126 pp.

Crowther, D.R. (1987) Sediments and archaeology of the Humber foreshore. In East Yorkshire: field guide (ed S. Ellis), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 99–105.

Cundill, P.R. (1976) Late Flandrian vegetation and soils in Carlingill valley, Howgill Fells. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 1, 301–9.

Cundill, P.R. (1981) The history of vegetation and land-use of two peat mosses in southwest Lancashire. Manchester Geographer, 2, 35–44.

Cunningham, E F. (1964) A detail of process on scarp edges of Millstone Grit. East Midland Geographer, 3, 322–5.

Cunningham, F F (1965) Tor theories in the light of South Pennine evidence. East Midland Geographer, 3, 424–33.

Currant, A. and Jacobi, R. (2001) A formal mammalian biostratigraphy for the Late Pleistocene of Britain. Quaternary Science Reviews, 20, 1707–16.

Cwynar, L.C. and Watts, W.A. (1989) Accelerator mass spectrometer ages for Late Glacial events at Ballybetagh, Ireland. Quaternary Research, 31, 377–80.

Czudek, T. (1964) Periglacial slope development in the area of the Bohemian Massif in Northern Moravia. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 14, 169–93.

Dahms, D.E. (1998) Reconstructing paleoenvironments from ancient soils: a critical review. Quaternary International, 51–2, 58–60.

Dakyns, J.R. (1879) Glacial beds at Bridlington. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological and Polytechnic Society, 7, 123–8.

Dakyns, J.R. (1880) Glacial deposits north of Bridlington. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological and Polytechnic Society, 7, 246–52.

Dakyns, J.R., Fox-Strangways, C. and Cameron, A.G. (1886) The Geology of the Country between York and Hull, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — Old Series (93SE-94S), HMSO, London, 54 pp.

Dakyns, J.R., Tiddeman, R.H., Gunn, W and Strahan, A. (1890) The Geology of the Country around Ingleborough, with part of Wensleydale and Wharfedale: (Quarter-sheet 97SW), Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) Old Series, HMSO, London, 103 pp.

Dakyns, J.R., Tiddeman, R.H., Russell, R., Clough, C.T. and Strahan, A. (1891) The Geology of the Country around Mallerstang with parts of Wensleydale, Swaledale and Arkendale (Sheet 97/VW), Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — Old Series, HMSO, London, 213 pp.

Daley, B and Balson, P (1999) British Tertiary Stratigraphy, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 15, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, 388 pp.

Dansgaard, W, Johnsen, S.J., Clausen, H.B. and Langway, C.C. (1971) Climatic record revealed by the Camp century ice core. In The Late Cenozoic glacial ages (ed. K.K. Turekian), Mrs Hepsa Ely Silliman Memorial Lectures, No. 43, Yale University Press, New Haven, pp. 37–56.

Dansgaard, W, Johnsen, S.J., Clausen, H.B. et al. (1993) Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250 kyr ice core record. Nature, 364, 218–20.

Dale, E. (1900) The Scenery and Geology of the Peak of Derbyshire, Sampson Low, Marston and Co, London, 176 pp.

Dardis, G.F. (1985) Till facies associations in drumlins and some implications for their mode of formation. Geografiska Annaler, 67A, 13–22.

Dardis, G.F. (1987) Sedimentology of late Pleistocene drumlins in south-central Ulster, Northern Ireland. In Drumlin Symposium: proceedings of the Drumlin Symposium, first International Conference on Geomorphology, Manchester, 16–18 September 1985 (eds J. Menzies and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 215–24.

Dardis, G.F. and Hanvey, P.M. (1994) Sedimentation in a drumlin lee-side wave cavity, northwest Ireland. Sedimentary Geology, 91, 97–114.

Dardis, G.F. and McCabe, A.M. (1983) Facies of subglacial channel sedimentation in late Pleistocene drumlins, Northern Ireland. Boreas, 12, 263–78.

Dardis, G.F. and McCabe, A.M. (1987) Subglacial sheet-wash and debris flow deposits in late Pleistocene drumlins, Northern Ireland. In Drumlin Symposium: proceedings of the Drumlin Symposium, first International Conference on Geomorphology, Manchester, 16–18 September 1985 (eds J. Menzies and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 225–40.

Dark, P. (1998a) Interpretation of the lake-edge sequences. In Star Carr in Context: new archaeological and palaeoecological investigations at the Early Mesolithic site of Star Carr, North Yorkshire (eds P.A. Mellars and P. Dark), McDonald Institute Monographs, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, pp. 153–62.

Dark, P. (1998b) The lake-centre sequence: results. In Star Carr in Context: new archaeological and palaeoecological investigations at the Early Mesolithic site of Star Carr, North Yorkshire (eds P.A. Mellars and P. Dark), McDonald Institute Monographs, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, pp. 163–78.

Darling, F.F. (1937) A Herd of Red Deer: a study in animal behaviour, Oxford University Press, London, 215 pp.

Davenport, C.A. and Ringrose, P. (1987) Deformation of Scottish Quaternary sediment sequences by strong earthquake motions. In Deformation of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks (eds M.E. Jones and R.M.F. Preston), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 29, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 299–314.

Davies, C. and Turner, J. (1979) Pollen diagrams from Northumberland. New Phytologist, 82, 783–804.

Davis, M.B., Brubaker, L.B. and Webb, T. III. (1973) Calibration of absolute pollen influx. In Quaternary Plant Ecology: the 14th Symposium of the British Ecological Society, University of Cambridge, 28–30 March 1972 (eds H.J.B. Birks and R.G. West), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 9–26.

Davis, W.M. (1890) Structure and origin of glacial sand plains. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 1, 195–202.

Davis, W.M. (1895) The development of certain English rivers. Geographical Journal, 5, 127–46.

Dawkins, W.B. (1876) On the Mammalia and traces of man in Robin Hood's cave. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 32, 240–59.

Dawkins, W.B. (1877) The exploration of the ossiferous deposit at Windy Knoll, Castleton, Derbyshire by Rooke Pennington, Esq., LL.B, F.G.S. and Prof. Boyd Dawkins, MA., F.R.S. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 33, 724–9.

Dawkins, W.B. (1903) On the discovery of an ossiferous cavern of Pliocene age at Dove Holes, Buxton (Derbyshire). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 59, 105–32.

Day, S.P. (1993) Preliminary results of high-resolution palaeoecological analyses at Star Carr, Yorkshire. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 3, 129–33.

Day, S.P. (1995) Devensian late glacial and early Flandrian environmental history of the Vale of Pickering. Journal of Quaternary Science, 11, 9–24.

Day, S.P. (1996) Dogs, deer and diet at Star Carr: a reconsideration of C-isotope evidence from early Mesolithic dog remains from the Vale of Pickering, Yorkshire, England. Journal of Archaeological Science, 23, 783–7.

Day, S.P. and Mellars, P.A. (1994) 'Absolute' dating of mesolithic human activity at Star Carr, Yorkshire: new palaeoecological studies and identification of the 9600 BP radiocarbon 'plateau'. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 60, 417–42.

Dayan, E. (1993) Morphodynamics and morphogenesis of cuesta and hogback landforms around Tunceli. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 37, 423–45.

Dayton, J.A. (1986) Animal remains — the Cladocera and Chironomidae. In Lindow Man. Body in the Bog (eds I.M. Stead, J.B. Bourke and D. Brothwell), British Museum Publications, London, pp. 93–8.

de Boer, G. (1945) A system of glacier lakes in the Yorkshire Wolds. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 25, 223–33.

de Boer, G. (1974) Physiographic evolution. In The Geology and Mineral Resources of Yorkshire (eds D.H. Rayner and J.E. Hemingway), Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional Publication, No. 2, Yorkshire Geological Society, Leeds.

de Boer, G., Neale, J.W. and Penny, L.F. (1958) A guide to the geology of the area between Market Weighton and the Humber. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 31, 157–209.

De Jong, M. and Rappol, M. (1983) Ice-marginal debris-flow deposits in western Allgau, Southern West Germany. Boreas, 12, 57–70.

De Rance, C.E. (1869a) On the surface geology of the Lake District Geological Magazine, 6, 489–94.

De Rance, C.E. (1869b) The Geology of the Country between Liverpool and Southport: and explanation of geological map 90SE, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — Old Series, HMSO, London, 9 pp.

De Rance, C.E. (1870) On the glacial phenomena of western Lancashire and Cheshire. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 26, 641–55.

De Rance, C.E. (1877) The Superficial Geology of the Country adjoining the Coasts of Southwest Lancashire: comprised in sheet 90, quarter-sheet 91SW; parts of 89NW and SW; 79NE, and 91SE, of the 1-inch geological survey map of England and Wales, Memoir (District) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, HMSO, London, 139 pp.

Dean, V. (1947) An unrecorded overflow channel in north-east Lancashire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 27, 33–5.

Dean, V. (1953) Some unrecorded overflow channels in north-east Lancashire. Liverpool and Manchester Geological Journal, 1, 153–60.

Demek, J. (1964). Castle koppies and tors on the Bohemian Highland (Czechoslovakia). Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 14, 195–216.

Demek, J. (1968) Cryoplanation terraces in Yakutia. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 17, 91–116.

Demek, J. (1969). Cryogene processes and the development of cryoplanation terraces. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 18, 115–25.

Denny, H. (1854a) On the discovery of hippopotane and other remains in the neighbourhood of Leeds. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological and Polytechnic Society, 3, 321–36.

Denny, H. (1854b) On the remains of Hippopotamus found in the Aire valley deposit near Leeds. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1853, 51–2.

Denny, H. (1871) Notice of the discovery of a pair of ancient shoes and a human skeleton in the peat moss on Austwick Common, near Clapham, Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Geological and Polytechnic Society of the West Riding of Yorkshire, 5, 162–78.

Derbyshire, E. (1961) Subglacial col gullies and the deglaciation of the northeast Cheviots. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 29, 31–45.

Dewey, J.F. (1982) Plate tectonics and the evolution of the British Isles. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 139, 371–412.

Dickinson, W. (1975) Recurrence surfaces in Rusland Moss, Cumbria (formerly North Lancashire). Journal of Ecology, 63, 913–35.

Dickson, J. (1973) Bryophytes of the Pleistocene: the British record and its chorological and ecological implications, Cambridge University Press, London, 256 pp.

Dimbleby, G.W. (1962) The Development of British Heathlands and their Soils, Oxford Forestry Memoirs, No. 23, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 120 pp.

Dimbleby, G.W. and Simmons, I.G. (1974) The possible role of ivy (Hedera helix L.) in the Mesolithic economy of western Europe. Journal of Archaeological Science, 1, 291–6.

Dines, H.G. (1958) The West Shropshire mining region. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, 14, 1–43.

Dingle, R.V. (1971) Buried tunnel valleys of the Northumberland coast, western North Sea. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 50, 679–86.

Dinnin, M. (1995) Introduction to the palaeoenvironmental survey. In Wetland Heritage of Holderness: an Archaeological Survey (eds R. Van de Noort and S. Ellis), Humber Wetlands Project University of Hull, Hull, pp. 27–48.

Dinnin, M. (1997a) Introduction to the palaeoenvironmental survey. In Wetland Heritage of the Humberhead Levels: an Archaeological Survey (eds R. Van de Noort and S. Ellis), Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, pp. 31–45.

Dinnin, M. (1997b) The palaeoenvironmental survey of West, Thorne and Hatfield Moors. In Wetland Heritage of the Humberhead Levels: an Archaeological Survey (eds R. Van de Noort and S. Ellis), Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, pp. 157–89.

Dinnin, M. and Lillie, M. (1995a) The palaeoenvironmental survey of the meres of Holderness. In Wetland Heritage of Holderness: an Archaeological Survey (eds R. Van de Noort and S. Ellis), Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, pp. 49–85.

Dinnin, M. and Lillie, M. (1995b) The palaeoenvironmental survey of southern Holderness and evidence for sea-level change. In Wetland Heritage of Holderness: an Archaeological Survey (eds R. Van de Noort and S. Ellis), Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, pp. 87–120.

Dinnin, M.H. and Skidmore, P. (1995) The insect assemblages associated with Lindow III and the environmental implications. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 31–8.

Dixon, E.E.L. (1922) The retreat of the Lake District ice-cap in the Ennerdale area, West Cumberland. Summary of Progress of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and the Museum of Practical Geology (1921), 118–25.

Dixon, E.E.L. (1926) The Geology of the Carlisle, Longtown and Silloth District: explanation of sheets 11, 16 and 17, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series, HMSO, London, 118 pp.

Dohrenwend, J.C. (1984) Nivation landforms in the western Great-Basin and their paleoclimatic significance. Quaternary Research, 22, 275–88.

Domack, E.W. and Lawson, D.E. (1985) Pebble fabric in an ice-rafted diamicton. Journal of Geology, 93, 577–92.

Donaldson, A.M. and Rackham, D.J. (1984) Environmental work in Northern England. In Environmental Archaeology: a Regional Review (ed. H.C.M. Keeley), Directorate of Ancient Monuments and Historic Buildings Occasional Papers, No. 6, Department of the Environment, London, pp. 134–51.

Donaldson, A.M. and Turner, J. (1977) A pollen diagram from Hallowell Moss, near Durham City, U.K. Journal of Biogeography, 4, 25–33.

Doody, P (1989) Conservation and development of the coastal dunes in Great Britain. In Perspectives in Coastal Dune Management: proceedings of the European Symposium, 7–11 September 1987, Leiden (eds E Van der Meulen, P.D. Jungerius and J.H. Visser), SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, pp. 53–67.

Double, I.S. (1924) The petrography of the later Tertiary deposits of the east of England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 35, 332–58.

Doughty, P.S. (1968) Joint densities and their relation to lithology in the Great Scar limestone. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 36, 479–512.

Douglas, G.R. (1980) Magnitude frequency study of rockfall in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Earth Surface Processes, 5, 123–9.

Douglas, T.D. (1991) Glacial deposits of Northumbria. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 169–74.

Douglas, T.D. and Harrison, S. (1985) Periglacial landforms and sediments in the Cheviots. In Field Guide to the Periglacial Landforms of Northern England (ed. J. Boardman), Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 68–76.

Dowdeswell, J.A. and Sharp, M. (1986) Characterization of pebble fabrics in modern terrestrial glacigenic sediments. Sedimentology, 33, 699–710.

Dowdeswell, J.A., Hambrey, M.J. and Wu, R. (1985) A comparison of clast fabric and shape in late Precambrian and modern glacigenic sediments. ourna/ of Sedimentary Petrology, 55, 691–704.

Dowdeswell, J.A., Whittington, R.J. and Marienfeld, P (1994) The origin of massive diamicton facies by iceberg rafting and scouring, Scoresby Sund, East Greenland. Sedimentology, 41, 21–35.

Dreimanis, A. (1976) Tills: their origin and properties. In Glacial Till: an interdisciplinary study (ed. R.F. Leggett), Royal Society of Canada Special Publication, No. 12, Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa, pp. 11–49.

Dreimanis, A. (1989) Tills: their genetic terminology and classification. In Genetic Classification of Glacigenic Deposits: final report of the Commission on Genesis and Lithology of Glacial Quaternary Deposits of the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) (eds R.P. Goldthwait and C.L. Matsch), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 85–8.

Dumaynt, L. (1992) Late Holocene palaeoecology and human impact on the environment of northern Britain. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Southampton.

Dumayne, L. (1993) Invader or native? — vegetation clearance in northern Britain during Romano-British times. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2, 29–36.

Dumayne, L. and Barber, K.E. (1994) The impact of the Romans on the environment of northern Britain: pollen data from three sites close to Hadrian's Wall. The Holocene, 4, 165–73.

Dumayne-Peaty, L. and Barber, K.E. (1997) Archaeological and environmental evidence for Roman impact on vegetation near Carlisle, Cumbria: a comment on McCarthy. The Holocene, 7, 243–5.

Dumayne-Peaty, L. and Barber, K.E. (1998) Late Holocene vegetational history, human impact and pollen representativity variations in northern Cumbria. Journal of Quaternary Science, 13, 147–64.

Dumont, J.V. (1987) Mesolithic microwear research in Northwest Europe. In Mesolithic Northwest Europe: Recent Trends (eds P. Rowley-Conwy, M. Zvelebil and H.P. Blankholm), Recent Trends Series, No. 2, Department of Archaeology and Prehistory, University of Sheffield, Sheffield.

Dunham, A.C. and Kaye, J. (1965) The petrology of the Little Whin Sill, County Durham. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 35, 229–76.

Dunham, K.C. (1990) Geology of the Northern Pennine Orefield, Vol. 1, Tyne to Stainmore, 2nd edn, Memoir (Economic) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, HMSO, London, 299 pp.

Dupont, L.M. (1986) Temperature and rainfall variation in the late Holocene based on comparative palaeoecology and isotope geology of a hummock and hollow (Bourtangerveen, The Netherlands). Review of Paleobotany and Palynology, 48, 71–159.

Dwerryhouse, A.R. (1902) The glaciation of Teesdale, Weardale, the Tyne valley and their tributary valleys. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 58, 572–608.

Dwerryhouse, A.R. and Miller, A.A. (1930) The glaciation of Clun Forest, Radnor Forest and some adjoining districts. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 66, 96–129.

Dyke, A.S. (1993) Landscapes of cold-centred Late Wisconsinan ice caps, Arctic Canada. Progress in Physical Geography, 17, 223–47.

Dylik, J. (1960) Rhythmically stratified slope waste deposits. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 8, 31–41.

Earp, J.R. and Taylor, B.J. (1986) Geology of the Country around Chester and Winsford, Memoir (Sheet) of the British Geological Survey (England and Wales) (109), 119 pp.

Earp, J.R., Magraw, D., Poole, E.G., Land, A. and Whiteman, A.J. (1961) The Geology of the Country around Clitheroe and Nelson, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series (68), HMSO, London, 346 pp.

Eastwood, T., Dixon, E.E.L., Hollingworth, S.E. and Smith, B. (1931) The Geology of the Whitehaven and Workington district, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series (28), HMSO, London, 304 pp.

Eastwood, T, Hollingworth, S.E., Rose, W.C.C. and Trotter, F.M. (1968) The Geology of the Country around Cockermouth and Caldbeck, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series (23), HMSO, London, 298 pp.

Eaton, G.P. (1996) Interpretation of the BNFL/Nirex offshore high resolution seismic data. GeoConsultants Report, GEO/95/17 (Superseded by Nirex Science Report, SA/97/042).

Eaton, G.P. (1997) Deformation of the St. Bees Moraine. In The Quaternary Geology of West Cumbria Field Guide (eds M. Browne, R.J. Heath, D. Huddart and P. Nathanail), Environment Group of the Geological Society of London, London, pp. 54–7.

Eaton, G.P. and Curtis, N. (1995) 2-D transects through drift deposits in West Cumbria. GeoScience Report, GEO/95/10 (Superseded by Nirex Science Report, SA/97/003).

Eaton, G.P. and Williams, G.D. (1993) The Quaternary geology of the Sellafield Area. Nirex Report, 519.

Eden, M.T. and Green, C.P. (1971) Some aspects of granite weathering and tor formation on Dartmoor, England. Geografiska Annaler, 53A., 92–9.

Eden, R.A., Stevenson, I.P. and Edwards, W (1957) The Geology of the Country around Sheffield, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) New Series (100), HMSO, London. 238 pp.

Edwards, B.J.N. (1969) Lancashire archaeological notes. Transactions of the Historical Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, 121, 101–3.

Edwards, C.A. (1978) The Quaternary History and Stratigraphy of North East Yorkshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Hull.

Edwards, C.A. (1981) The tills of Filey Bay. In The Quaternary in Britain (eds J. Neale and J. Flenley), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 108–18.

Edwards, C.A. (1987) The Quaternary deposits of Filey Bay. In East Yorkshire: field guide (ed. S. Ellis), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 15–21.

Edwards, W. (1937) A Pleistocene strandline in the Vale of York. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 23, 103–18.

Edwards, W, Mitchell, G.H. and Whitehead, T.H. (1950) Geology of the District North and East of Leeds: Explanation of Sheet 70, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series, HMSO, London, 93 pp.

Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P.L. and Rose, J. (1991) Glacial deposits of Britain and Europe: general overview. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 493–502.

Eichler, H. (1981) Rock temperatures and insolation weathering in the high Arctic, Oobloyah Bay, northern Ellesmere Island, NWT, Canada. Results of the Heidelberg Ellesmere Island Expedition, Heidelberg Geographisches Institut, Universitat Heidelberg Arbeiter, 69, 441–64.

Ekwall, E. (1922) The Placenames of Lancashire, University Press, Manchester, 280 pp.

Elgee, F. (1908). The glaciation of north Cleveland. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 16, 372–82.

Ellis, N.V. (ed.), Bowen, D.Q., Campbell, S. et al. (1996) An Introduction to the Geological Conservation Review, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 1, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, 131 pp.

Ellis, S. (1990) Soils. In Humber Perspectives. A Region Through the Ages (eds S. Ellis and D.R. Crowther), Hull University Press, Hull, pp. 29–42.

Ellis, S. and Newsome, D. (1991) Chalkland soil formation and erosion on the Yorkshire Wolds, northern England. Geoderma, 48, 59–72.

Erdtman, G. (1927) The peat deposits of the Cleveland Hills. Naturalist, February 1927, 39–46.

Erdtman, G. (1928) Studies in the post-arctic history of the forest of north-west Europe. I-Investigations in the British Isles. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 50, 123–92.

Evans, D.T.A., Owen, L.A. and Roberts, D. (1995) Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Devensian (Dimlington Stadial) glacial deposits, east Yorkshire, England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 10, 241–65.

Evans, G.H. (1970) Pollen and diatom analyses of Late-Quaternary deposits in the Blelham basin, north Lancashire. New Phytologist, 69, 821–74.

Evans, I.S. (1987) The morphometry of specific landforms. In International Geomorphology: proceedings of the First International Conference on Geomorphology (ed. V. Gardiner), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 105–24.

Evans, I.S. (1997) Cirques and moraines of the Helvellyn Range, Cumbria: Grisedale and Ullswater. In Geomorphology of the Lake District: a Field Guide (ed. J. Boardman), Environmental Change Unit for the British Geomorphological Research Group, Oxford, pp. 63–87.

Evans, I.S. (1999) Castle Eden Dene and Blunts Dene. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Inns), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 57–64.

Evans, I.S. and Cox, N.J. (1995) The form of glacial cirques in the English Lake District, Cumbria. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 39(2), 175–202.

Evans, J.G. (1976) Observations on a stripe pattern. Biuletyn Peryglacjalyny, 25, 9–22.

Evans, J.G. and Dimbleby, G.W. (1976) Appendix I: The pre-barrow environment. In The Excavation of Kilham Long Barrow, East Riding of Yorkshire (ed. T.G. Manby). Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 42, 150–9.

Evans, R. (1977) Overgrazing and soil erosion on hill pastures with particular reference to the Peak District. Journal of the British Grassland Society, 32, 65–76.

Evans, — W.B. and Arthurton, R.S. (1973) Northwest England. In A Correlation of the Quaternary Deposits of the British Isles (eds G.F. Mitchell, L.F. Penny, F.W. Shotton and R.G. West), Geological Society of London Special Report, No. 4, Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh, pp. 28–36.

Evans, W.B., Wilson, A.A., Taylor, B.J. and Price, D. (1968) Geology of the Country around Macclesfield, Congleton, Crewe and Middlewich, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series (110), HMSO, London, 328 pp.

Evens, E.D., Grinsell, L.V., Piggott, S. and Wallis, F.S. (1962) Fourth report of the south-western group of museums and art galleries on the petrological identification of stone axes. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 28, 209–66.

Eyles, C.H (1988) A model for striated boulder pavement formation on glaciated shallow marine shelves, an example from the Yakataga Formation, Alaska. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 58, 62–71.

Eyles, C.H. and Eyles, N. (1984) Glaciomarine sediments in the Isle of Man as a key to Late Pleistocene stratigraphic investigations in the Irish Sea Basin. Geology, 12, 359–64.

Eyles, C.H. and Lagoe, M.B. (1990) Sedimentation patterns and facies geometries on a temperate glacially-influenced continental shelf; the Yakataga Formation, Middleton Island, Alaska. In Glacimarine Environments, Processes and Sediments (eds J.A. Dowdeswell and J.D. Scourse). Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 53, Geological Society of London, London, pp. 363–86.

Eyles, N. (1983) Glacial geology: a landsystems approach. In Glacial Geology: an introduction for engineers and earth scientists (ed. N. Eyles), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 1–18.

Eyles, N. and Dearman, W. (1981) A glacial terrain map of Britain for engineering purposes. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 24, 173–84.

Eyles, N. and McCabe, A.M. (1989) The Late Devensian (<22, 000 ybp) Irish Sea basin: the sedimentary record of a collapsed ice sheet margin. Quaternary Science Reviews, 8, 307–51.

Eyles, N. and McCabe, A.M. (1991) Glaciomarine deposits of the Irish Sea Basin: the role of glacio-isostatic disequilibrium. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, E.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 311–32.

Eyles, N. and Menzies, J. (1983) The subglacial landsystem. In Glacial Geology: an introduction for engineers and earth scientists (ed. N. Eyles), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 19–70.

Eyles, N. and Sladen, J.A. (1981) Stratigraphy and geotechnical properties of weathered lodgement till in Northumberland, England. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 14, 129–41.

Eyles, N., Sladen, J.A. and Gilroy, S. (1982) A depositional model for stratigraphic complexes and facies superimposition in lodgment tills. Boreas, 11, 317–33.

Eyles, N., McCabe, A.M. and Bowen, D.Q. (1994) The stratigraphic and sedimentological significance of Late Devensian ice sheet surging in Holderness, Yorkshire, U.K. Quaternary Science Reviews, 13, 727–59.

Fairclough, A.J. (1999) Unsupported 226Ra chronology of Holocene lake sediments. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Liverpool.

Farey, J. (1813) A General View of the Agriculture of Derbyshire, with Observations on the Means of its Improvement, Vol. II, Board of Agriculture, London.

Farrimond, P. and Flanagan, R.L. (1996) Lipid stratigraphy of a Flandrian peat bed (Northumberland, UK): comparison with the pollen record. The Holocene, 6, 69–74.

Farrington, A. and Mitchell, G.F. (1951) 'The end moraine north of Flamborough Head. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 62, 100–6.

Fearnsides, W.G. (1932) The valley of the Derbyshire Derwent. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 43, 153–178.

Ferguson, N.P. and Lee, J.A. (1983) Past and present sulphur pollution in the southern Pennines. Atmospheric Environment, 17, 1131–7.

Fischer, U.H. and Clarke, G.K.C. (1997) Stick-slip sliding behaviour at the base of a glacier. Annals of Glaciology, 24, 390–6.

Fisher, E. (1999) The impact of land use change on lacustrine organic geochemistry. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Liverpool.

Fishwick, H. (1907) The history of the parish of Lytham in the County of Lancaster. Cheetham Society, New Series, 60, 1–118.

Fitch, F.J. and Miller, J.A. (1967) The age of the Whin Sill. Geological Journal, 5, 233–50.

Fitzpatrick, E.A. (1963) Deeply weathered rock in Scotland, its occurrence, age and contribution to the soils. Journal of Soil Science, 14, 33–43.

Fitzpatrick, E.A. (1993) Soil Microscopy and Micromorphology, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, 304 pp.

Fleming, A. (1971) Territorial patterns in the British Bronze Age, Wessex Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 37, 138–66.

Flenley, J.R. (1984) Towards a vegetational history of the meres in Holderness. In Late Quaternary Environments and Man in Holderness (ed. D.D. Gilbertson), British Archaeological Reports British Series, 134, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, pp. 165–75.

Flenley, J.R. (1987) The meres of Holderness. In East Yorkshire: field guide (ed S. Ellis), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 73–81.

Flenley, J.R. (1990) Vegetational history. In Humber Perspectives. A Region Through the Ages (eds S. Ellis and D.R. Crowther), Hull University Press, Hull, pp. 43–53.

Flenley, J.R. and Maloney, B.K. (1976) Reply to a comment by P.A. Tallantire. Nature, 261, 347.

Flenley, J.R., Maloney, B.K., Ford, D. and Hallam G. (1975) Trapa natans in the British Flandrian. Nature, 257, 39–41.

Fletcher, T.P. (1981) Geology of the Ancholme Valley. In The Brigg Raft and her Prehistoric Environment, (ed S. McGrail), Archaeological Series/National Maritime Museum, No. 6; British Archaeological Reports British Series, 89, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, pp. 189–95.

Flinn, D. and Pentecost, A. (1995) Travertine-cemented screes on the serpentinite seacliffs of Unst and Fetlar, Shetland. Mineralogical Magazine, 59 (395), 259–65.

Follmer, L.R. (1998) A scale for judging degree of soil and paleosol development. Quaternary International, 51–2, 12–13.

Ford, D.C. and Williams, P.W. (1989) Karst Geomorphology and Hydrology, Unwin Hyman, London, 601 pp.

Ford, T.D. (1963) The dolomite tors of Derbyshire. East Midland Geographer, 3, 148–53.

Ford, T.D. (1964) Fossil karst in Derbyshire. Proceedings of the Speleological Association, 2, 59–62.

Ford, T.D. (1967) Deep weathering, glaciation and tor formation in Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire. Mercian Geologist, 2, 3–14.

Ford, T.D. (1969) Dolomite tors and sandfilled sink holes in the Carboniferous Limestone of Derbyshire, England. In The Periglacial Environment: past and present (ed. T.L. Pewe), McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal, pp. 387–97.

Ford, T.D. (1972) Evidence of early stages in the evolution of the Derbyshire Karst. Transactions of the Cave Research group of Great Britain, 14, 73–7.

Ford, T.D. (1985) The Castleton Caves: results of speleothem dating. In Peak District and Northern Dukeries: field guide (eds D.J. Briggs, D.D. Gilbertson and R.D.S. Jenkinson), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 77–83.

Ford, T.D. and King, R.J. (1968) Outliers of possible Tertiary age. In The Geology of the East Midlands (eds P.C. Sylvester-Bradley and T.D. Ford), Leicester University Press, Leicester, pp. 324–31.

Ford, T.D.and King, R.J. (1969) The origin of the silica sand pockets in the Derbyshire Limestone. Mercian Geologist, 3,51–69.

Ford, T.D., Gascoyne, M. and Beck, J.S. (1983) Speleothem dates and Pleistocene chronology. Cave Science, 10, 103–15.

Foster, S.W. (1986) The Late Glacial and Post Glacial history of the Vale of Pickering and northern Yorkshire Wolds. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Hull.

Foster, S.W. (1987) The dry drainage system on the northern Yorkshire Wolds. In East Yorkshire: field guide (ed S. Ellis), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 36–8.

Fowler, G. (1932) Old river-beds in the Fenlands. Geographical Journal, 79, 210–12.

Fowler, G. (1934) The extinct waterways of the Fens. Geographical Journal, 83, 30–6.

Fox, C. (1926) A 'dug-out' canoe from South Wales: with notes on the chronology, typology and distribution of monoxylous craft in England and Wales. Antiquaries Journal, 6, 121.

Fox-Strangways, C. (1892) The Jurassic rocks of Britain, Vol. 1, Yorkshire, Memoir of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom, HMSO, London, 551 pp.

Francis, E.A. (1970) The Quaternary. In The Geology of Durham County (eds G.A.L. Johnston and G. Hickling). Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, 41, 134–52.

Francis, E.A., Phillips, L.S. and Smith, D.B. (1963) Field meeting in central and south-east Durham. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 34, 104–12.

Francou, B. (1990) Stratification mechanisms in slope deposits in high subequatorial mountains. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 1, 249–63.

Frank, R.M. (1982) A Holocene peat and dune-sand sequence on the coast of northeast England — a preliminary report. Quaternary Newsletter, 36, 24–32.

Franks, J.W. and Johnson, R.H. (1964). Pollen analytical dating of a Derbyshire landslip: the Cown Edge Landslips, Charlesworth. New Phytologist, 63, 209–16.

Franks, J.W. and Pennington, W. (1961) The late-glacial and post-glacial deposits of the Esthwaite basin, north Lancashire. New Phytologist, 60, 27–42.

Fraser, F.C. and King, J.E. (1954) Faunal remains. In Excavations at Star Carr: an early Mesolithic site at Seamer near Scarborough (ed. J.D. Clark), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 70–95.

French, C.N. and Moore, R.D. (1986) Deforestation, cannabis cultivation and schwingmoor formation at Cors Llyn (Llyn Mire), central Wales. New Phytologist, 102, 469–82.

French, H.M. (1996) The Periglacial Environment, 2nd edn, Longmans and Co., London, 341 pp.

Fulford, M., Champion, T and Long, A. (eds) (1997) England's Coastal Heritage: a Survey for English Heritage and the RCHME, Archaeological Report, No. 15, English Heritage, London, 268 pp.

Funnell, B.M. (1995) Global sea-level and the (pen-)insularity of late Cenozoic Britain. In Island Britain: A Quaternary Perspective, (ed. R.C. Preece), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 96, Geological Society of London, London, pp. 3–13.

Funnell, B.M. and Pearson, I. (1989) Holocene sedimentation on the north Norfolk barrier coast in relation to relative sea-level change. Journal of Quaternary Science, 4, 25–36.

Funnell, B.M. and West, R.G. (1962) The early Pleistocene of Easton Bavents, Suffolk. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 118, 125–41.

Gale, S.J. (1981) The geomorphology of the Morecambe Bay karst and its implications for landscape chronology. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie., Neue Folge, 25, 457–69.

Gale, S.J. (1984) Palaeomagnetic studies of Late-Devensian lake deposits at Skipsea Withow Mere. In Late Quaternary Environments and Man in Holderness (ed. D.D. Gilbertson), British Archaeological Reports British Series, 134, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, pp. 73–80.

Gale, S.J. (1985) The Late- and Post-glacial environmental history of the southern Cumbrian massif and its surrounding lowlands. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnson), Manchester University Press, Manchester, 282–98.

Gale, S.J. and Hunt, C.O. (1985) The stratigraphy of Kirkhead cave, an Upper Palaeolithic site in northern England. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 51, 283–304.

Garland, A.N. (1995) Worsley Man, England. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds. R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 104–7.

Garrard, R.A. and Dobson, M.R. (1974) The nature and maximum extent of glacial sediments off the west coast of Wales. Marine Geology, 16, 31–44.

Garwood, E.J. (1893) Geology. In A History of Northumberland (ed. E. Bateson), A. Reid, Newcastle upon Tyne, pp. 3–9, 13–17, 357–62, 417–18.

Gascoyne, M., Currant, A.P. and Lord, T.C. (1981) Ipswichian fauna of Victoria Cave and the marine palaeoclimate record. Nature, 294, 652–4.

Gascoyne, M., Schwarcz, H.P. and Ford, D.C. (1983) Uranium-series ages of speleothem from north-west England: correlation with Quaternary climate. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B301, 143–64.

Gaunt, G.D. (1970a) A temporary section across the Escrick Moraine at Wheldrake, east Yorkshire. Journal of Earth Sciences (Leeds), 8, 163–70.

Gaunt, G.D. (1970b) The occurrence of Pleistocene ventifacts at Aldborough, near Boroughbridge, West Yorkshire. Journal of Earth Sciences (Leeds), 8, 159–61.

Gaunt, G.D. (1974) A radiocarbon date relating to Lake Humber. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 40, 195–7.

Gaunt, G.D. (1976) The Devensian maximum ice limit in the Vale of York. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 40, 631–7.

Gaunt, G.D. (1981) Quaternary history of the southern part of the Vale of York. In The Quaternary in Britain (eds J. Neale and J. Flenley), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 82–97.

Gaunt, G.D. (1994) Geology of the Country around Goole, Doncaster and the Isle of Axholme, Memoir (Sheet) of the British Geological Survey (England and Wales) (79 and 88), HMSO, London, 169 pp.

Gaunt, G.D., Coope, G.R. and Franks, J.W. (1970) Quaternary deposits at Oxbow opencast coal site in the Aire Valley, Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 38, 175–200.

Gaunt, G.D., Jarvis, R.A. and Matthews, B. (1971) The late Weichselian sequence in the Vale of York. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 38, 281–4.

Gaunt, G.D., Coope, G.R., Osborne, P.J. and Franks, J.W. (1972) An Interglacial Deposit near Austerfield, Southern Yorkshire, Report of the Institute of Geological Sciences, 72/4, HMSO, London, 13 pp.

Gaunt, G.D., Bartley, D.D. and Harland, R. (1974) Two interglacial deposits proved in boreholes in the southern part of the Vale of York and their bearing on contemporaneous sea levels. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, 48, 1–23.

Gaunt, G.D., Fletcher, T.P. and Wood, C.J. (1992) Geology of the Country around Kingston upon Hull and Brigg, Memoir (Sheet) of the British Geological Survey (England and Wales) (80 and 89), HMSO, London, 172 pp.

Gearey, B. and Lillie, M. (1999) Aspects of Holocene vegetational change in the Vale of York: palaeoenvironmental investigations at Askham Bog. In Wetland Heritage of the Vale of York: an Archaeological Survey (eds R. Van de Noort and S. Ellis), Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, pp. 109–122.

Gehrels, W.R. and Inns, J.B. (1995) Holocene sea-level changes on the Northumberland coast. In Holocene Sea-level Changes, Raised Bog Ecosystems, Glacial Morphology and Stratigraphy in the Border-Region and Scotland (ed. S.J.P. Bohncke), Field Excursion Guide, Free University Amsterdam, pp. 38–47.

Geikie, A. (1865) The Scenery of Scotland Viewed in Connection with its Physical Geology, MacMillan, Cambridge, 60 pp.

Geikie, A. (1868) On denudation now in progress. Geological Magazine, 5, 249–54.

Geikie, J. (1876) The Cheviot Hills. Good Words, 18, 11–15, 81–6, 264–70, 331–7, 550–6.

Geikie, J. (1877) The Great Ice Age and its Relation to the Antiquity of Man, Edward Stanford, London, 624 pp.

George, T.N., Johnson, G.A.L., Mitchell, M. et al. (1976) A Correlation of the Dinantian Rocks of the British Isles, Geological Society of London Special Report, No. 7, Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh, 87 pp.

Gerrard, A.J. (1974) The geomorphological importance of jointing on Dartmoor granite. In Progress in Geomorphology: papers in honour of David L. Linton (eds E.H. Brown and R.S. Waters), Institute of British Geographers Special Publication, No. 7, Institute of British Geographers, London, pp. 39–51.

Gerrard, A.J. (1978) Tors and granite landforms of Dartmoor and eastern Bodmin Moor. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 4, 204–10.

Gerrard, A.J. (1988) Rocks and Landforms, Unwin Hyman, London, 319 pp.

Gibbard, P.L., Wintle, A.G., and Catt, J.A. (1987) Age and origin of clayey silt 'brickearth' in west London, England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 2, 3–10.

Gibbard, P., West, R.G., Zagwijn, W.H. et al. (1991) Early and early Middle Pleistocene correlations in the southern North Sea basin. Quaternary Science Reviews, 10, 23–52.

Gibbard, P., Andrew, R. and Pettit, M. (1992) The margin of a Middle Pleistocene ice advance at Tottenhill, Norfolk, England. Geological Magazine, 129, 59–76.

Gibson, W, Wedd, C.B. and Scott, A. (1925) Geology of the Country around Stoke upon Trent, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) New Series (123), HMSO, London, 112 pp.

Gilbertson, D.D. (1984a) Late Quaternary Environments and Man in Holderness, British Archaeological Reports British Series, 134," British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, 243 pp

Gilbertson D.D. (1984b) Early Neolithic utilisation and management of alder carr at Skipsea Withow mere, Holderness. Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 56, 17–22.

Gilbertson D.D. (1990) The Holderness meres: stratigraphy, archaeology and environment. In Humber Perspectives. A Region Through the Ages (eds S. Ellis and D.R. Crowther), Hull University Press, Hull, pp. 89–101.

Gilbertson, D.D., Briggs, D.J., Harkness, D.A. et al. (1984) The Late Quaternary sequence at the Skipsea Withow Gap. In Late Quaternary Environments and Man in Holderness (ed. D.D. Gilbertson), British Archaeological Reports British Series, 134, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, pp. 47–72.

Gilbertson, D.D., Briggs, D.J., Blackham, A.M. et al. (1987) The Late Quaternary lake margin sequence at Skipsea Withow Mere. In East Yorkshire: field guide (ed. S. Ellis), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 58–68.

Giles, J.R.A. (1992) Late Devensian and early Flandrian environments at Dishforth Bog, North Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 49, 1–9.

Gilligan, A. (1918) Alluvial deposits at Woodlesford and Rothwell Haigh, Leeds. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 19, 255–71.

Girling, M. (1986) The insects associated with Lindow Man. In Lindow Man. Body in the Bog (eds I.M. Stead, J.B. Bourke and D. Brothwell), British Museum Publications, London, pp. 90–1.

Glasser, N.F. (1995) Modelling the effect of topography on ice sheet erosion, Scotland. Geografiska Annaler, 77A, 67–82.

Glasser, N.F. (1997) The origin and significance of sheet joints in the Cairngorm granite. Scottish Journal of Geology, 33, 125–31.

Glasser, N.E and Hall, A.M. (1997) Calculating Quaternary glacial erosion rates in North East Scotland. Geomorphology, 20, 29–48.

Glasser, N.F. and Hambrey, M.J. (1998) Subglacial meltwater channels at Thurstaston Hill, Wirral and their significance for Late Devensian ice sheet dynamics. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 109, 139–48.

Glasser, N.F. and Sambrook Smith, G.H. (1999) Glacial meltwater erosion of the Mid-Cheshire Ridge: implications for ice dynamics during the Late Devensian glaciation of northwest England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 14, 703–10

Glasser, N.F. and Warren, C.R. (1990) Medium scale landforms of glacial erosion in south Greenland: process and form. Geografiska Annaler, 72A, 211–15.

Glasser, N.F., Crawford, K.R., Hambrey, M.T et al. (1998) Lithological and structural controls on the surface wear characteristics of glaciated metamorphic bedrock surfaces: Ossian Sarsfjellet, Svalbard. Journal of Geology, 106, 319–29.

Glasser, N.F., Hambrey, M.J., Huddart, D., Gonzalez, S., Crawford, K.R. and Maltman, A.J. (2001) Terrestrial glacial sedimentation on the eastern margin of the Irish Sea basin: Thurstaston, Wirral. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 112, 131–46.

Godsen, M.S. (1965) Peat deposits of Scar Close, Ingleborough, Yorkshire. Journal of Ecology, 56, 345–53.

Godwin, H. (1938) The origin of roddons. Geographical Journal, 91, 241–50.

Godwin, H. (1940) Pollen analysis and forest history of England and Wales. New Phytologist, 39, 370–400.

Godwin, H. (1949) The spreading of the British flora considered in relation to conditions of the late-glacial period. Journal of Ecology, 37, 140–7.

Godwin, H. (1954) Recurrence-surfaces. Danmarks Geologiska Undersökning, H Raekke, 80, 22–30.

Godwin, H. (1956) The History of the British Flora: a factual basis for phytogeography, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 383 pp.

Godwin, H. (1959) Studies in the Postglacial history of British vegetation. XIV. Late Glacial deposits at Moss Lake, Liverpool. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B242, 127–49.

Godwin, H. (1960a) Radiocarbon dating and Quaternary history in Britain. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B153, 287–320.

Godwin, H. (1960b) Prehistoric wooden trackways of the Somerset Levels: their construction age and relation to climatic change. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 26, 1.

Godwin, H. (1975) History of the British Flora: a Factual Basis for Phytogeography, 2nd edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 541 pp.

Godwin, H. and Clapham, A. R. (1951) Peat deposits on Cross Fell, Cumberland. New Phytologist, 50, 167–71.

Godwin, H. and Godwin, M.E. (1933) British Maglemose harpoon sites. Antiquity, 7, 36–48.

Godwin, H. and Switsur, V.R. (1966) Cambridge University natural radiocarbon measurements. VIII. Radiocarbon, 8, 390–400.

Godwin, H. and Willis, E.H. (1959) Cambridge University natural radiocarbon measurements. I. Radiocarbon, 1, 63–75.

Godwin, H. and Willis, E.H. (1964) Cambridge University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements. VI. Radiocarbon, 6, 116–37.

Godwin, H., Walker, D. and Willis, E. (1957) Radiocarbon dating and post-glacial vegetational history: Scaleby Moss. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B147, 352–66.

Goldie, H.S. (1973) The limestone pavements of Craven. Transactions of the Cave Research Group of Great Britain, 15, 175–90.

Goldie, H.S. (1981) Morphometry of limestone pavements of Farleton Knott (Cumbria, England). Transactions of the British Cave Research Association, 8, 207–24.

Goldie, H. S. (1996) The limestone pavements of Great Asby Scar, Cumbria, UK. Environmental Geology, 28, 128–36.

Gonzalez, S., Huddart, D. and Roberts, G. (1997) Holocene development of the Sefton coast: a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the archaeology In Archaeological Science 1995: proceedings of a conference on the application of scientific techniques to the study of archaeology, Liverpool, July 1995, (eds A. Sinclair, E. Slater and J. Gowlett), Oxbow Monograph, No. 64, Oxbow Books, Oxford, pp. 271–81.

Gonzalez, S., Kitchener, A.C. and Lister, A.M. (2000) Survival of the Irish elk into the Holocene. Nature, 405, 763–4.

Goodchild, J.G. (1875) The glacial phenomena of the Eden Valley. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 31, 55–99.

Goodchild, J.G. (1887) Ice work in Edenside and some of the adjoining parts of North West England. Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Advancement of Literature and Science, 12, 111–67.

Goodchild, J.G. (1889/90) The history of the Eden and some rivers adjacent. Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Association, 14, 73–90.

Goodchild, J.G. (1890) On the weathering of limestones. Geological Magazine, 7, 463–66.

Goodess, C.M., Palutikof, J.P. and Davies, T.D. (1991) Studies of Climatic Effects and Impacts Relative to Deep Underground Disposal of Radioactive Waste. Nirex Report, NSS/R267.

Goodess, C.M., Palutikof, J.P. and Davies, T.D. (1992) The Nature and Causes of Climatic Change: Assessing the Long Term Future, Studies in climatology series, Belhaven Press, London, 248 pp.

Gordon, D., Smart, E.L., Ford, D.C. et al. (1989) Dating of Late Pleistocene interglacial and interstadial periods in the United Kingdom from speleothem growth frequency. Quaternary Research, 31, 14–26.

Gordon, J.E. (1979) Reconstructed Pleistocene ice sheet temperatures and glacial erosion in northern Scotland. Journal of Glaciology, 22, 331–44.

Gordon, J.E. (1981) Ice-scoured topography and its relationships to bedrock structure and ice movement in parts of northern Scotland and west Greenland. Geografiska Annaler, 63A, 55–65.

Gordon, J.E. (1993) The Cairngorms. In Quaternary of Scotland (eds J.E. Gordon and D.G. Sutherland), Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 6, Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 259–76.

Gordon, J.E. and Sutherland, D.G. (1993) Quaternary of Scotland, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 6, Chapman and Hall, London, 695 pp.

Gorham, E. (1957) The chemical composition of some waters from lowland lakes in Shropshire. Tellus, 9, 174.

Goren, C.T. and Shaw, J. (1991) Deposition in an esker, bead and fan complex, Lanark, Ontario, Canada. Sedimentary Geology, 72, 285–314.

Gosden, S. (1968) Peat deposits of Scar Close, Ingleborough, Yorkshire. Journal of Ecology, 56, 345–54

Goudie, A. (1990) The Landforms of England and Wales, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 394 pp.

Goudie, A.S. and Piggott, N.R. (1981) Quartzite tors, stone stripes and slopes at The Stiperstones, Shropshire, England. Biuletyn Peryglacjalyny, 28, 47–56.

Gowlett, J. A.J., Hedges, R.E.M. and Law, I.A. (1989) Radiocarbon accelerator (AMS) dating of Lindow Man. Antiquity, 63, 71–9.

Gowlett, J.A.J., Gillespie, R., Hall, E.T. and Hedges, R.E.M. (1986) Accelerator radiocarbon dating of ancient human remains from Lindow Moss. In Lindow Man. Body in the Bog (eds I.M. Stead, J.B. Bourke and D. Brothwell), British Museum Publications, London, pp. 22–4.

Gray, J.M. and Coxon, P.M. (1991) The Loch Lomond Stadial glaciation in Britain and Ireland. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publications, Rotterdam, pp. 89–105.

Green, A.H., Russell, R., Dakyns, J.R. et al. (1878) The Geology of the Yorkshire Coalfield, Coalfied Memoir of the Geological Survey of England and Wales, HMSO, London, 823 pp. check

Green, B.H. (1965) Some studies of water/peat/plant relationships with special reference to Wybunbury Moss, Cheshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.

Green, B.H. and Pearson, M.C. (1968) The ecology of Wybunbury Moss, Cheshire. I. The present vegetation and some physical, chemical and historical factors controlling its nature and distribution. Journal of Ecology, 56, 245–67.

Green, B.H. and Pearson, M.C. (1977). The ecology of Wybunbury Moss, Cheshire II. Post-Glacial history and the formation of the Cheshire mere and mire landscape.Journal of Ecology, 65, 793–814.

Green, C.P. and McGregor, D.F.M. (1980) Quaternary evolution of the River Thames. In The Shaping of Southern England (ed. D.K.C. Jones), Institute of British Geographers Special Publication, No. 11, Academic Press, London, pp. 177–202.

Green, C.P., Coope, G.R., Holyoak, D.T. et al. (1984) Evidence of two temperate episodes in late Pleistocene deposits at Marsworth, U.K. Nature, 309, 778–81.

Green, H.S. (1984) Pontnewydd Cave: a lower Palaeolithic hominid site in Wales: the first report, National Museum of Wales Quaternary Studies Monographs, No. 1, Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Cymru, Cardiff, 227 pp.

Green, P.F. (1986) On the thermo-tectonic evolution of Northern England: evidence from fission track analysis. Geological Magazine, 123, 493–506.

Greenwood, G. (1857) Rain and Rivers, London.

Gregory, J.W. (1913) The Polmont kame and on the classification of Scottish kaines. Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow, 14, 199–218.

Gregory, J.W. (1921) The Irish Eskers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B210, 115–51.

Gregory J.W. (1922) The English 'eskers' — their structure and distribution. Geological Magazine, 59, 25–44.

Gregory K.J. (1962a) Contributions to the geomorphology of the North York Moors. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London.

Gregory K.J. (1962b) The deglaciation of eastern Eskdale, Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 33, 363–80.

Gregory, K.J. (1965) Proglacial Lake Eskdale after sixty years. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 34, 149–62.

Gregory, K.J. (1966) Aspect and landforms in northeast Yorkshire. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 15, 115–20.

Gregory K.J. (ed.) (1997) Fluvial Geomorphology of Great Britain, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 13, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, 347 pp.

Greig, J. (1982). Past and present limewoods of Europe. In Archaeological Aspects of Woodland Ecology (eds M. Bell and S. Limbrey), Symposia of the Association for Environmental Archaeology, No. 2; British Archaeological Reports International Series, 146, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, pp. 23–55.

Greig, J. (1996) Great Britain — England. In Palaeoecological Events During the Last 15 000 Years: Regional Syntheses of Palaeoecological Studies of Lakes and Mires in Europe (eds B.E. Berglund, H.J.B. Birks, M. Ralska-Jasiewiczowa and H.E. Wright), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 15–76.

Gresswell, R.K. (1937) The geomorphology of the south-west Lancashire coastline. Geographical Journal, 90, 335–49.

Gresswell, R.K. (1953) Sandy Shores in South Lancashire: The Geomorphology of Southwest Lancashire, Liverpool Studies in Geography, University Press, Liverpool, 194 pp.

Gresswell, R.K. (1957) Hillhouse coastal deposits of south Lancashire. Liverpool and Manchester Geological Journal, 2, 60–78.

Gresswell, R.K. (1962) The glaciology of the Coniston Basin. Geological Journal, 3, 83–96.

Gresswell, R.K. (1964) The origin of the Mersey and Dee estuaries. Geological Journal, 4, 77–85.

Gresswell, R.K. (1967) The geomorphology of the Fylde. In Liverpool Essays in Geography: a Jubilee Collection (eds R.W. Steel and R. Lawton), Longmans and Co., London, pp. 25–42.

Grieve, W and Hammersley, A.D. (1971) A reexamination of the Quaternary deposits of the Barrow area. Proceedings of the Barrow Natural History Field Club, 10, 5–25.

Grigson, C. (1981) Fauna. In The Environment in British Prehistory (eds I. Simmons and M.J. Tooley), Duckworth, London, pp. 110–24.

Grootes, P.M., Stuiver, M., White, J.W.C., Johnsen, S. and Jouzel, J. (1993) Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores. Nature, 366, 552–4.

Guilcher, A. (1950) Nivation, cryoplanation et solifluction quaternaires dans les colins de Bretagne Occidentale et du Nord de Devonshire. Revue de Géomorphologie Dynamique, 1, 53–78.

Gullentops, E, Janssen, J. and Paulissen, E. (1993) Saalian nivation activity in the Bosbeek Valley, NE Belgium. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 72, 125–30.

Gunn, W. (1900) The Geology of Belford, Holy Island and the Fame Islands (quarter-sheet 110SE), Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) Old Series, HMSO, London, 155 pp.

Gunson, A.R. (1991) Garths. In Western Pennines: field guide (ed. W.A. Mitchell), Quaternary Research Association Field Guides, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 99–103.

Haggart, B. (1988) The stratigraphy, depositional environment and dating of a possible tidal surge deposit in the Beuly Firth area, Northeast Scotland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoecology, 66, 215–30.

Haldorsen, S. and Shaw, J. (1982) The problem of recognising melt-out till. Boreas, 11, 261–77.

Hale, W.G. (1985) Martin Mere: its History and Natural History, The Wildfowl Trust, Martin Mere, Burscough, 24 pp.

Halkon, P. (1999) The early landscape of the Foulness valley, East Yorkshire. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association Field Guides, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 173–5.

Hall, A. M. (1985) Cenozoic weathering covers in Buchan, Scotland, and their significance. Nature, 315, 392–5.

Hall, A.M. (1986a) Weathering and relief development in Buchan, Scotland. In International Geomorphology: proceedings of the First International Conference on Geomorphology (ed. V Gardiner), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 991–1005.

Hall, A.M. (1986b) Deep weathering patterns in north-east Scotland and their geomorphological significance. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 30, 407–22.

Hall, A. M. (1991) Pre-Quaternary landscape evolution in the Scottish Highlands. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 82, 1–26.

Hall, A.M. and Mellor, T (1988) The characteristics and significance of deep weathering in the Gaick area, Grampian Highlands, Scotland. Geografiska Annaler, 70A, 309–14.

Hall, A.M. and Sugden, D.E. (1987) Limited modification of mid-latitude landscapes by ice sheets: the case of north-east Scotland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 12, 531–42.

Hall, A.M., Mellor, T. and Wilson, M.J. (1989) The clay mineralogy and age of deeply weathered rock in north-east Scotland. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplement Band, 72, 97–108.

Hall, A.R. (1984) Flandrian plant macrofossils from Skipsea Withow Mere. In Late Quaternary Environments and Man in Holderness (ed. D.D. Gilbertson), British Archaeological Reports British Series, 134, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, pp. 164–5.

Hall, B.R. (1956) Borehole Records from the Mosses of South-west Lancashire, Soil Survey of England and Wales, MS65, Harpenden.

Hall, B.R. and Folland, C.J. (1967) Soils of the South-West Lancashire Coastal Plain (Sheets 74 and 83), Memoir of the Soil Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales), Soil Survey of Great Britain, Harpenden.

Hall, D., Wells, C.E. and Huckerby, E. (1995) The Wetlands of Greater Manchester, North West Wetlands Survey, 2; Lancaster Imprints, 3, Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, Lancaster, 188 pp.

Hallam, J.S., Edwards, B.J.N., Barnes, B. and Stuart, A.J. (1973) The remains of a Late glacial elk associated with barbed points from High Furlong, near Blackpool, Lancashire. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 39, 100–28.

Hallet, B. and Prestrud, S. (1986) Dynamics of periglacial sorted circles in western Spitzbergen. Quaternary Research, 26, 81–9.

Halliday, G. (1997) A Flora of Cumbria: comprising the vice-counties of Westmorland with Furness (v.c.69), Cumberland (v.c.70) and parts of North-West Yorkshire (v.c.65) and North Lancashire (v.c.60), Centre for North-West Regional Studies, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, 611 pp.

Hancock, J.M. and Rawson, P.F. (1992) Cretaceous. In Atlas of Palaeogeography and Lithofacies (eds J.C. Cope, J.K. Ingham and P.F. Rawson), Geological Society of London Memoir, No. 13, Geological Society of London, London, pp. 131–9.

Hardiman, M.A., Fairchild, J.E. and Longworth, G. (1992) Harwell radiocarbon measurements XI. Radiocarbon, 34, 47–70.

Hardy, E.M. (1939) Studies of the Post-glacial history of British vegetation. V The Shropshire and Flint Maelor Mosses. New Phytologist, 38, 364.

Harkness, D.D. (1981) Scottish Universities Research and Reactor Centre. Radiocarbon measurements IV. Radiocarbon, 23, 252–304.

Harkness, D.D., Gaunt, G.D. and Nunney, J.H. (1977) Radiocarbon dating versus the Leeds Hippopotamus — a cautionary tale. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 41, 223–30.

Harmer, F.W. (1928) The distribution of erratics and drift. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 21, 79–150.

Harmsworth, R.V. (1968) The developmental history of Blelham Tarn (England) as shown by animal microfossils, with special reference to the Cladocera. Ecological Monographs, 38, 232–41.

Harris, C. (1981) Periglacial Mass-wasting: a Review of Research, British Geomorphological Research Group, Monograph Series, No. 4, Geo Books, Norwich, 204 pp.

Harris, C. (1998) The micromorphology of paraglacial and periglacial slope deposits: a case study from Morfa Bychan, west Wales, UK. Journal of Quaternary Science, 13(1), 73–84.

Harris, C. and McCarroll, D. (1990) Glanllynau. In North Wales: field guide (eds K. Addison, M.J. Edge and R. Watkins), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Coventry, pp. 38–47.

Harris, C. and Wright, M.D. (1980) Some last glaciation drift deposits near Pontypridd, South Wales. Geological Journal, 15, 7–20.

Harris, C., Williams, G., Brabham, P, Eaton, G. and McCarroll, D. (1997) Glaciotectonized Quaternary sediments at Dinas Dinlle, Gwynedd, North Wales, and their bearing on the style of deglaciation in the eastern Irish Sea. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16, 109–27.

Harris, S.A., French, H.M., Heginbottom, J.A. et al. (1988) Glossary of Permafrost and Related Ground-ice Terms, National Research Council of Canada Technical Memorandum, No. 142, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, pp. 156.

Harrison, B.C. (1993) New settlements in the North York Moors. In Medieval Rural Settlement in North-East England (ed. B. Vyner), Architectural and Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland Research Report, No. 2, Architectural and Archaeological Society of Durham and Northumberland, Durham, pp. 19–32.

Harrison, B.J.D. and Roberts, B.K. (1999) The Medieval Landscape. In The North York Moors: Landscape Heritage (eds D.A Spratt and B.J.D Harrison), David and Charles Publishers, London, pp. 72–112.

Harrison, S. (1991) A possible paraglacial origin for the drift sheets of upland Britain. Quaternary Newsletter, 64, 14–18.

Harrison, S. (1994) The upper reaches of the Breamish Valley. In The Geomorphology and Late Quaternary Evolution of the Cheviot Hills (eds S. Harrison and R.M. Tipping), British Geomorphological Research Group, Durham, pp. 50–6.

Harrison, S. (1996) Paraglacial or periglacial? The sedimentology of slope deposits in upland Northumberland. In Advances in Hillslope Processes (eds M.G. Anderson and S.M. Brooks), British Geomorphological Research Group, Symposia Series, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 1197–218.

Harrison, S.S.C. and Hildrew, A.G. (1998) Distribution dynamics of epilithic insects in a lake littoral. Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie, 143, 275–293.

Harrop, S. (1985) Old Birkdale and Ainsdale: Life on the South-west Lancashire Coast 1600–1851, The Birkdale and Ainsdale Historical Research Society, Southport, 68 pp.

Hart, J.K. (1994) Till fabric associated with deformable beds. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 19, 15–32.

Hart, J.K. (1995) Drumlin formation in southern Anglesey and Arvon, northwest Wales. Journal of Quaternary Science, 10,3–14.

Hart, J. K. (1997) The relationship between drumlins and other forms of subglacial glaciotectonic deformation. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16, 93–107.

Hart, J.K. (1998) The deforming bed/debris-rich basal ice continuum and its implications for the deformation of glacial landforms (flutes) and sediments (melt-out till). Quaternary Science Reviews, 17, 737–54.

Hart, J.K. and Boulton, G.S. (1991) The interrelation of glaciotectonic and glaciodepositional processes within the glacial environment. Quaternary Science Reviews, 10, 335–50.

Hart, J.K. and Roberts, D. (1994) Criteria to distinguish between subglacial glaciotectonic and glaciomarine sedimentation, I. Deformation styles and sedimentology. Sedimentary Geology, 91, 191–213.

Hart, J.K., Hindmarsh, R.C.A. and Boulton, G.S. (1990) Different styles of subglacial glaciotectonic deformation in the context of the Anglian ice sheet. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 15, 227–41.

Harvey, A.M. (1985) The river systems of northwest England. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnson), Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 122–42.

Haslam, C.J. (1987) Late Holocene peat stratigraphy and climatic change — a macrofossil investigation from the raised mires of northwestern England. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Southampton.

Hather, J.G. (1998) Identification of Macroscopic Charcoal Assemblages. In Star Carr in Context: new archaeological and palaeoecological investigations at the Early Mesolithic site of Star Carr, North Yorkshire (eds P.A. Mellars and P Dark), McDonald Institute Monographs, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, pp. 183–96.

Haworth, E.Y. (1969) The diatoms of a sediment core from Blea Tarn, Langdale. Journal of Ecology, 57, 429–39.

Hay, T. (1936) Stone stripes. Geographical Journal, 87, 47–50.

Hay, T (1937) Physiographical notes on the Ullswater area. Geographical Journal, 90, 426–45.

Hay, T (1943). Notes on glacial erosion and stone stripes. Geographical Journal, 103, 13–20.

Hay, T (1934) The glaciology of the Ullswater area. Geographical Journal, 84, 136–48.

Hay, T. (1944) Rosthwaite moraines and other Lakeland notes. Geographical Journal, 103, 119–24.

Haynes, J.R., Kiteley, R.J., Whatley, R.C. and Wilks, P.J. (1977) Microfaunas, microfloras and the environmental stratigraphy of the Late Glacial and Holocene in Cardigan Bay. Geological Journal, 12, 129–58.

Haynes, J., McCabe, A.M. and Eyles, N. (1995) Microfaunas from Late Devensian glaciomarine deposits in the Irish Sea Basin. Irish Journal of Earth Sciences, 14, 81–103.

Head, R., Fenwick, H., Van de Noort, R., Dinnin, M. and Lillie, M. (1995a) The meres and coastal survey. In Wetland Heritage of Holderness: an Archaeological Survey (eds R. Van de Noort and S. Ellis), Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, pp. 163–239.

Head, R., Fenwick, H., Van de Noort, R., Dinnin, M. and Lillie, M. (1995b) The survey of southern Holderness. In Wetland Heritage of Holderness: an Archaeological Survey (eds R. Van de Noort and S. Ellis), Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, pp. 241–310.

Heathcote, J., McMillan, A., Merritt, J.W., Mink, B.A. and Green, H.R. (1997) Synthesis of the Hydrological Characteristics of the Onshore Quaternary Domains at Sellafield. Nirex Science Report, SA/97/001.

Hedges, R.E.M., Housley, R.A., Law, I.A. and Bronk, C.R. (1990) Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry date list 10. Archaeometry, 32, 101–8.

Heijnis, H. and Vanderplicht, J. (1992) Uranium/thorium dating of Late Pleistocene peat deposits in NW Europe, Uranium/thori-um isotope systematics and open-system behaviour of peat layers. Chemical Geology, 94, 161–71.

Hein, F.J. and Walker, R.G. (1977) Bar evolution and development of stratification in the gravelly braided Kicking Horse River, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 14, 562–70.

Heinrich, H. (1988) Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130, 000 years. Quaternary Research, 29, 142–52.

Hemingway, J.E. (1993) Geology and topography of North-East Yorkshire. In Prehistoric and Roman Archaeology of North-East Yorkshire (ed. D.A. Spratt), Council for British Archaeology Research Report, 87; British Archaeological Reports British Series, 104, Council for British Archaeology, London, pp. 4–14.

Hershey, O.H. (1897) Eskers indicating stages of glacial recession in the Kansan epoch in northern Illinois. American Geologist, 19, 245–53.

Hétu, B. (1995) Le tilage des éboulis stratifiés cryonivaux en Gaspesie (Québec, Canada); rôle de la sédimentation nivéo-eolienne et des transites supranivaux. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 6, 147–71.

Hey, R.W. (1976) Provenance of far-travelled pebbles in the pre-Anglian Pleistocene of East Anglia. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 87, 69–82.

Hey, R.W. (1980) Equivalents of the Westland Green Gravels in Essex and East Anglia. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 91, 279–90.

Hey, R.W. (1986) A re-examination of the Northern Drift of Oxfordshire. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 97, 291–301.

Hey, R.W. (1991) Pre-Anglian glacial deposits and glaciations in Britain. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 13–16.

Heyworth, A. (1978) Submerged forests around the British Isles: their dating and relevance as indicators of post-glacial land and sea level changes. In Dendrochronology in Europe: Principles, Interpretations and Applications to Archaeology and History (ed. J. Fletcher), University of Oxford Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, No. 2; Archaeological Series/National Maritime Museum, No. 4, British Archaeological Reports International Series, 51, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, pp. 279–88.

Heyworth, A. (1986) Submerged forests as sea-level indicators. In Sea-level Research: a Manual for the Collection and Evaluation of Data (ed. 0. von de Plassche), Geo Books, Norwich, pp. 401–11.

Hibbert, F.A. and Switsur, V.R. (1976) Radiocarbon dating of Flandrian pollen zones in Wales and Northern England. New Phytologist, 77, 793–807.

Hibbert, E.A., Switsur, Y.R. and West, R.G. (1971) Radiocarbon dating of Flandrian pollen zones at Red Moss, Lancashire. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B177, 161–76.

Hicks, S.P. (1971) Pollen-analytical evidence for the effect of prehistoric agriculture on the vegetation of north Derbyshire. New Phytologist, 70, 647–67.

Hicock, S.R. (1991) On subglacial stone pavements in till. Journal of Geology, 99, 607–19.

Hicock, S.R. and Dreimanis, A. (1992) Deformation till in the Great Lakes region: implications for rapid flow along the south-central margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 29, 1565–79.

Hicock, S.R., Goff, J.R., Lian, O.B. and Little, E.C. (1996) On the interpretation of subglacial till fabric. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 66, 928–34.

Higgs, E.S. (1975) Site catchment analysis: a concise guide to field methods. In Palaeoeconomy (ed. E.S. Higgs), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 223–4.

Hillis, R.R. (1991) Chalk porosity and Tertiary uplift, western approaches trough, SW UK and NW French continental shelves. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 148, 669–79.

Hillman, G.C. (1986) Plant foods in ancient diet: the archaeological role of palaeofaeces in general and Lindow Man in particular. In Lindow Man. Body in the Bog (eds. I.M. Stead, J.B. Bourke and D. Brothwell), British Museum Publications, London, pp. 99–115.

Hindle, B.P.(1980) Cave Formation in Northern England, Lyon Ladders, Dent, 37 pp.

Hindmarsh, R.C.A. (1999) Drumlinization and drumlin-forming instabilities: viscous till mechanisms. Journal of Glaciology, 45, 293–314.

Hinton, M.A.C. (1919) Description of the Rodent Teeth. In On a deposit of interglacial loess and some transported preglacial freshwater clays on the Durham coast (C.T. Trechmann). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 75, 175–203.

Hobby, R. (1990) Palaeoenvironmental significance of Holocene lake-level fluctuations in Shropshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Southampton.

Hodgson, E. (1862) On a deposit containing Diatomacae, leaves, etc. in the iron-ore mines near Ulverston. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 19, 19–31.

Hodgson, J,M., Catt, J.A. and Weir, A.H. (1967) The origin and development of clay with flints and associated soil horizons on the South Downs. Journal of Soil Science, 18, 85–102.

Hogg, S. (1972) Post-Weichselian history of the north Northumberland coastal zone. Unpublished BA Dissertation, University of Durham, UK, 86 pp.

Holden, T.G. (1986) Plant remains from Lindow Man's last meal. In Lindow Man. Body in the Bog (eds I.M. Stead, J.B. Bourke and D. Brothwell), British Museum Publications, London, pp. 117–25.

Holden, T.G. (1995) The last meals of the Lindow Bog Men. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 76–82.

Holliday, D.W. (1993) Mesozoic cover over northern England: interpretation of apatite fission track data. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 150, 657–60.

Hollingworth, S.E. (1931) Glaciation of western Edenside and adjoining areas and the drumlins of the Edenside and Solway basin. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 87, 281–359.

Hollingworth, S.E. (1934) Some solifluction phenomena in the northern part of the Lake District. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 45, 167–88.

Hollingworth, S.E. (1935) High level erosional platforms of Cumberland. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 23, 159–77.

Hollingworth, S.E. (1938) The recognition and correlation of High Level Erosion Surfaces in Britain: a statistical study. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 94, 55–84.

Hollingworth, S.E. (1951) The influence of glaciation in the Lake District. Journal of the Institute of Water Engineers, 5, 486–96.

Hollingworth, S.E. and Taylor, J.H. (1946) An outline of the geology of the Kettering district. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 57, 204–33.

Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1928) The age and composition of the Whin Sill and the related dykes of the north of England. Mineralogical Magazine, 21, 493–542.

Holmes, P.F. (1965) The natural history of Malham Tarn. Field Studies, 2, 199–223.

Holt, G. (1786) Remains of a large forest not far from Liverpool. Gentleman's Magazine, 66, 549–51.

Holyoak, D.T. (1983) The identity and origin of Picea abies (L.) Karsten from the Chelford interstadial (Late Pleistocene) of England. New Phytologist, 95, 153–57.

Honeyman, A. (1985) Studies in the Holocene vegetation history of Wensleydale. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Leeds.

Hooke, J.M., Harvey, A.M., Miller, S.Y. and Redmond, C.E. (1990) The chronology and stratigraphy of the alluvial terraces of the River Dane Valley, Cheshire. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 15, 717–37.

Hooke, R.LeB. (1991) Positive feedbacks associated with erosion of glacial cirques and overdeepenings. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 103, 1104 8.

Horbury, A.D. (1987) Sedimentology of the Urswick Limestone in South Cumbria and North Lancashire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Manchester.

Horbury, A.D. (1989) The relative roles of tectonism and eustacy in the deposition of the Urswick Limestone in South Cumbria and North Lancashire. In The Role of Tectonics in Devonian and Carboniferous Sedimentation in the British Isles (eds R.S. Arthurton, P. Gutteridge and S.C. Nolan), Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional Publication, No. 6, Yorkshire Geological Society, Leeds, pp. 153–69.

Hornung, M. and Hatton, A.A. (1974) Deep weathering in the Great Whin Sill, Northern England. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 40, 105–14.

Horton, A. (1970) The Drift Sequence and Subglacial Topography in parts of the Ouse and Nene Basin, Report of the Institute of Geological Sciences, 70/9, HMSO, London, 30 pp.

Horton, B.P., Innes, J.B. and Shennan, I. (1999a) Late Devensian and Holocene sea-level changes in Northumberland, England. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association Field' Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 35–47.

Horton, B.P., Innes, J.B., Shennan, I. et al. (1999b) The Northumberland coast. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgiand, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 147–65.

Horton, B.P., Innes, J.B., Plater, A.J., Tooley, M.J. and Wright, M.R. (1999c) Post-glacial evolution and relative sea-level changes in Hartlepool Bay and the Tees estuary. In The Quaternary of North-East England: Field Guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 65–86.

Housley, R.A. (1991) AMS dates from the Late Glacial and early Postglacial in north-west Europe: a review. In The Late Glacial in North-west Europe: Human Adaptation and Environmental Change at the end of the Pleistocene (eds N. Barton, A.J. Roberts and D.A. Roe), Council for British Archaeology Research Report, 77, Council for British Archaeology, London, pp. 25–39.

Housley, R.A., Walker, A.J., Otlet, R.L. and Hedges, R.E.M. (1995) Radiocarbon dating of the Lindow III Bog Body. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 39–46.

Housman, J. (1800) A Topographical Description of Cumberland, Westmorland, Lancashire and a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, C. Law and W. Clarke, Carlisle.

Howard, A.J., Macklin, M.G., Black, S. and Hudson-Edwards, K.A. (2000) Holocene river development and environmental change in Upper Wharfedale, Yorkshire Dales, England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 15, 239–52.

Howarth, P.J. and Bones, J.G. (1972) Relationships between process and geometrical form on High Arctic debris slopes, south-west Devon Island, Canada. In Polar Geomorphology (eds R.J. Price and D.E. Sugden), Institute of British Geographers Special Publication, No. 4, Institute of British Geographers, London, pp. 139–53.

Howe, J.A. (1897) Notes on the pockets of sand and clay in the limestone of Derbyshire and Staffordshire. Transactions and Report of the North Staffordshire Field Club, 31, 143–9.

Howell, F.T. (1971) A continuous seismic profile survey of Windermere. Geological Journal, 7, 329–34.

Howell, F.T. (1973) The sub-drift surface of the Mersey and Weaver catchment and adjacent areas. Geological Journal, 8, 285–96.

Howse, R. (1864) On the glaciation of the Counties of Durham and Northumberland. Transactions of the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers, 13, 169–85.

Howson, W. (1850) An Illustrated Guide to the Curiosities of Craven, Whittaker and Company, London, 134 pp.

Huckerby, E. and Wells, C.E. (1993) Recent work at Solway Moss, Cumbria. In North West Wetlands Survey Annual Report, 1993 (ed. R. Middleton), Lancaster University Press, Lancaster, pp. 37–42.

Huddart, D. (1970) Aspects of glacial sedimentation in the Cumberland lowland. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Reading, 340 pp.

Huddart, D. (1971a) Textural distinction between Main Glaciation and Scottish Readvance tills in the Cumberland lowland. Geological Magazine, 108, 317–24.

Huddart, D. (1971b) A relative glacial chronology from the tills of the Cumberland lowland. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 3(1), 21–32.

Huddart, D. (1972) Late Devensian glacial history In Cumberland Lowland Handbook (eds D. Huddart and M.J. Tooley), Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 3–47.

Huddart, D. (1973) The origin of esker sediments, Thursby, Cumberland. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 4, 59–69.

Huddart, D. (1977) Ice-walled lacustrine sediments associated with a stagnating Devensian ice sheet, the Petteril Valley, Cumbria. X INQUA Congress Abstracts, p. 217.

Huddart, D. (1981a) Pleistocene foraminifera from south-east Ireland — some problems of interpretation. Quaternary Newsletter, 33, 28–41.

Huddart, D. (1981b) Knocknasilloge Member of Wexford: glacio-marine, marine or glacio-lacustrine? Quaternary Newsletter, 35, 6–11.

Huddart, D. (1981c) Fluvioglacial systems in Edenside (middle Eden valley and Brampton kame belt). In Eastern Cumbria Field Meeting: 15–18 May 1981 (ed. J. Boardman), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 81–103.

Huddart, D. (1981d) Periglacial landforms of Great and Little Dun Fells. In Eastern Cumbria Field Meeting: 15–18 May 1981 (ed. J. Boardman), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 76–8.

Huddart, D. (1983) Flow tills and ice-walled lacustrine sediments, the Petteril valley, Cumbria, England. In Tills and Related Deposits: genesis / petrology / application / stratigraphy: proceedings of the INQUA Symposia on the Genesis and Lithology of Quaternary Deposits (eds E.B. Evenson, C. Schliichter and J. Rabassa), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 81–94.

Huddart, D. (1991) The glacial history and glacial deposits of the north and west Cumbrian lowlands. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 151–68.

Huddart, D. (1992) Coastal environmental changes and morphostratigraphy in southwest Lancashire, England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 103, 217–36.

Huddart, D. (1993) Controversial Irish Sea basin glacial models: some answers from the Cumbrian lowlands. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 5(4), 476–80.

Huddart, D. (1994) The late Quaternary glaciogenic sequence: landforms and environments in coastal Cumbria. In Cumbria: field guide (eds J. Boardman and J. Walden), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Oxford, pp. 59–77.

Huddart, D. (1997) Overview of the Quaternary sedimentary sequence and its evolution in West and South Cumbria. In The Quaternary Geology of West Cumbria Field Guide (eds M. Browne, R.J. Heath, D. Huddart and P. Nathanail), Environment Group of the Geological Society of London, London, pp. 8–23.

Huddart, D. (1999) Supraglacial trough fills, southern Scotland: origins and implications for deglacial processes. Glacial Geology and Geomorphology, http://boris.qub.ac.uk/ 1999 . papers/fu 11/1999/rp041999/rp04 html, 1–13.

Huddart, D. and Bennett, M.R. (1997) The Carstairs Kames (Lanarkshire, Scotland): morphology, sedimentology and formation. Journal of Quaternary Science, 12, 467–84.

Huddart, D. and Clark, R. (1994) Conflicting interpretations of glacial sediments and landforms in Cumbria. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 5 (4), 419–36.

Huddart, D. and Peacock, J.D. (1989) Early Holocene morainal bank sedimentology and marine ecology, Skjoldungebrae gorge, North Scoresby Land, East Greenland. In Glacimarine Environments: Processes and Sediments (eds J.A. Dowdeswell and J.D. Scourse), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 53, Geological Society of London, London, pp. 289–306.

Huddart, D. and Tooley, M.J. (1972) The Cumberland Lowland 26–28 May 1972 Handbook, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, 96 pp.

Huddart, D., Tooley, M.J. and Carter, P (1977) The coasts of north-west England. In The Quaternary History of the Irish Sea (eds C. Kidson and M.J. Tooley), Geological Journal Special Issue, No. 7, Seel House Press, Liverpool, pp. 119–54.

Huddart, D., Gonzalez, S. and Roberts, G. (1999a) The archaeological record and mid-Holocene marginal coastal palaeoenvironments around Liverpool Bay. Quaternary Proceedings, 7, 563–74.

Huddart, D., Roberts, G. and Gonzalez, S. (1999b) Holocene human and animal footprints and their relationships with coastal environmental change, Formby Point, NW England. Quaternary International, 55, 29–41.

Hudson, R.G.S. (1930) The Carboniferous of the Craven Reef Belt; and the Namurian unc onformity at Scaleber, near Settle. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 41, 290–322.

Hudson, R.G.S. (1933) The scenery and geology of North-West Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 44, 228–55.

Hudson, R.G.S. (1938) The general geology and the Carboniferous Rocks. In The Geology of the Country around Harrogate. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 49, 295–352.

Hudson, R.G.S. (1944) A pre-Namurian fault scarp at Malham. Proceedings of the Leeds Philosophical Society (Science Section), 4, 226–32.

Hudson, R.G.S. and Dunnington, H.V. (1944) The Carboniferous rocks of the Swinden Anticline, Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 55, 195–215.

Hudson; R.G.S. and Mitchell, G.H. (1937) The Carboniferous geology of the Skipton Anticline. Summary of Progress of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and the Museum of Practical Geology (1935), part 2, 1–45.

Hughes, D.B. and Teasdale, D.A. (1999) Herrington Colliery opencast coal site. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 137–46.

Hughes, D.B., Clarke, B.G. and Money, M.S. (1998) The glacial succession in lowland Northern England. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 31, 211–34.

Hughes, P.D.M., Mauquoy, D., Barber, K.E. and Langdon, PG. (2000) Mire-development pathways and palaeoclimatic records from a full Holocene peat archive at Walton Moss, Cumbria, England. The Holocene, 10, 465–79.

Hughes, T.McK. (1886) On some perched blocks and associated phenomena. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 42, 527–39.

Hull, E. (1864) Geology of the Country around Oldham, including Manchester and its Suburbs (Sheet 88SW9, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — Old Series, HMSO, London, 67 pp.

Hume, A. (1863) Ancient Meols: or some account of the Antiquities found near Dove Point on the Sea-Coast of Cheshire, J.R. Smith, London, 411 pp.

Hume, A. (1865) Changes of the sea coast of Lancashire and Cheshire. Transactions of the Historical Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, 6, 1–88.

Hunt, C.O., Hall, A.R. and Gilbertson, D.D. (1984) The palaeobotany of the Late-Devensian sequence at Skipsea Withow Mere. In Late Quaternary Environments and Man in Holderness (ed. D.D. Gilbertson), British Archaeological Reports British Series, 134, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, pp. 81–108.

Huntley, J. (1995) Low Hauxley, Northumberland: an Assessment of the Plant Remains. Durham Environmental Archaeology Report, 6/95.

Huntley, B. and Birks, H.J.B. (1983) An Atlas of Past and Present Pollen Maps for Europe: 0–13 000 Years Ago, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 667 pp.

Hutchinson, T.C. (1966) The occurrence of living and sub-fossil remains of Betula nano L. in Upper Teesdale. New Phytologist, 65, 351–7.

Ikeda, S., Kasuya, M. and Ikeya, M. (1991) ESR ages of Middle Pleistocene corals from the Ryuku Islands. Quaternary Research, 36, 61–71.

Imbrie, J, Hays, J.D., Martinson, D.G. et al. (1984) The orbital theory of Pleistocene climate: support from a revised chronology of the marine 18O record. In Milankovitch and Climate (eds A. Berger, J. Imbrie, J. Hays, G. Kukla and B. Saltzman), Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 269–305

Ingebrigtsen, 0. (1924) Hjortens Utbredelse i Norge. Bergens Museums Arbok 1922–23, Naturvidenskabelig Reekke, 6, 1–58.

Innes, J.B. (1986). The history of the Shirdley Hill Sand revealed by examination of associated organic deposits. Proceedings of the North of England Soils Discussion Group, 21, 31–43.

Innes, J.B. (1989) Pollen analysis. In The Foxholes Project, North Yorkshire (N. Lang). Northern Archaeology, 7,11–13.

Innes, J.B. (1999) Regional vegetational history. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 21–34.

Innes, J.B. and Frank, R.M. (1988) Palynological evidence for Late Flandrian coastal changes at Druridge Bay, Northumberland. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 104, 14–23.

Innes J.B. and Simmons I.G. (1988) Disturbance and diversity: floristic changes associated with pre-elm decline woodland recession in north east Yorkshire. In Archaeology and the Flora of the British Isles (ed. M. Jones), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 14; Botanical Society for the British Isles Conference Report, No. 19, Oxford University Committee for Archaeology, Oxford, pp. 7–20.

Innes J.B. and Simmons I.G. (1999) North Gill. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 99–112.

Innes, J B. and Tooley, M.J. (1993). The age and vegetational history of the Sefton coast dunes. In The Sand Dunes of the Sefton Coast: proceedings of the Sefton Coast Research Seminar, 31 May 1991, Liverpool (eds D. Atkinson and J. Houston), National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside with Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council, Liverpool, pp. 35–40.

Innes, J.B., Tooley, M.J.C. and Tomlinson, P.R. (1989) A comparison of the age and palaeoecology of some sub-Shirdley Hill Sand peat deposits from Merseyside and south-west Lancashire. The Naturalist, 114, 65–9.

Innes, J.B., Smith, D.B., Tooley, M.J., Twiddy, E. and Zong, Y. (1993) Palaeoclimate '93 Field Guide — Durham Coast, Department of Geography, University of Durham.

Innes, J.B., Lloyd, J.M. and Austin, W.E.N. (1997) Sea-level Changes on the Northumberland Coast, International Geological Correlation Programme, Project 396 Field Guide, Department of Geography, University of Durham.

Innes, J.B., Tooley, M.J. and Lageard, J.G.A. (1999) Vegetational changes before the Norman Conquest. In Ecology and Landscape Development: a History of the Mersey Basin: proceedings of a conference held at Merseyside Maritime museum Liverpool, 5–6 July 1996 (ed. E.F. Greenwood), Liverpool University Press, Liverpool , pp. 21–31.

Islam, J. and Tooley, M.J. (1999) Coastal and sea-level changes during the Holocene in Bangladesh. Quaternary International, 55, 61–75.

Issar, A. (1983) Emerging groundwater, a triggering factor in the formation of the makhteshim (erosion cirques) in the Negev and Sinai. Israeli Journal of Earth Science, 32, 53–61.

Issit, M., Kenward, H. and Miles, A. (1995) Invertebrate Remains from Excavations at Low Hauxley: an Assessment, EAU 95/16.

Iversen, J. (1941) Landnam i Danmarks stenalder. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, II, 66, 1–68.

Iversen, J. (1954) The late-glacial flora of Denmark and its relation to climate and soil. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, II, 80, 87–119.

Iverson, N.R. (1991) Potential effects of sub-glacial water pressure fluctuations on quarrying.Journal of Glaciology, 37(125), 27–36.

Jackson, D.I., Mulholland, P, Jones, S.M. and Warrington, G. (1987) The geological framework of the East Irish Sea Basin. In Petroleum Geology of N.W. Europe: proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Petroleum Geology of North West Europe held at the Barbican Centre, London, 26–29 October 1986 (eds J. Brooks and K.W. Glennie), Vol. 1, Graham and Trotman, London, pp. 191–203.

Jackson, J.W. and Mattinson, W.K. (1932) A cave on Giggleswick Scar near Settle, Yorkshire. The Naturalist, 5–9.

Jacobi, R.M. (1978) Northern England in the eighth millennium BC: an essay. In The Early Postglacial Settlement of Northern Europe: an Ecological Perspective (ed P. Mellars), New Approaches in Archaeology, Duckworth, London, pp. 295–332.

Jacobi, R.M., Tanis, J.H. and Mellars, P.A. (1976) The southern Pennine Mesolithic and the ecological record. Journal of Archaeological Science, 3, 307–20.

Jacobi, R.M., Rowe, P.J., Gilmour, M.A., Gran, R. and Atkinson, T.C. (1998) Radiometric dating of the Middle Palaeolithic tool industry and associated fauna of Pin Hole Cave, Cresswell Crags, England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 13, 19–42.

James, J.W.C. (1982) The Sand and Gravel Resources of the Country North and West of Billingham, Cleveland: description of 1:25 000 sheets NZ42 and part of NZ52, Institute of Geological Sciences Mineral Assessment Report, 99, HMSO, London, 58 pp.

James, W.C., Mack, G.H. and Monger, H.C. (1998) Paleosol classification. Quaternary International, 51–2, 8–9.

Japsen, P. (1997) Regional Neogene exhumation of Great Britain and the western North Sea. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 154, 239–47.

Jarman, M.R. (1972) European deer economies and the advent of the neolithic. In Papers in Economic Prehistory (ed. E.S. Higgs), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 125–47.

Jehu, T.J. (1909) The glacial deposits of western Caernarvonshire. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 47, 17–56.

Jelgermsa, S. and Tooley, M.J. (1993) Sea-level changes during the recent geological past. In Holocene Cycles: Climate, Sea Levels and Sedimentation (ed. C.W Finkl, Jr.), Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue, No. 17, Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Charlottesville, pp. 123–39.

Jelgersma, S., de Jong, J., Zagwijn, W.H. and van Regteren Altena, J.F. (1970) The coastal dunes of the western Netherlands: geology vegetational history and archaeology Mededelingen Rijks Geologiske Dienst, New Series, 21, 93–167.

Jenkin, B.M. and Mortimer, C.H. (1938) Sampling lake deposits. Nature, London, 142 (3601), 834–5.

Jenkinson, R.D.S. (1984) Late Devensian vertebrate remains. In Late Quaternary Environments and Man in Holderness (ed. D.D. Gilbertson), British Archaeological Reports British Series British Series, 134, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, pp. 218–20.

Jenkinson, R.D.S., Hunt, C.O. and Brooks, I. (1985) Pinhole Cave. In Peak District and Northern Dukeries: field guide (eds D.J. Briggs, D.D. Gilbertson and R.D.S. Jenkinson), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 135–8.

Jennings, J.N. (1985) Karst Geomorphology, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 293 pp.

Jessen K. (1938) Some west Baltic pollen diagrams. Quatar, 1, 124–39.

Jessen, K. and Farrington, A. (1938) The bogs of Ballybetagh near Dublin, with remarks on late-glacial conditions in Ireland. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, B44, 10–205.

Johnsen, S.J., Dansgaard, W, Clausen, H.B. and Langway, C.C. (1972) Oxygen isotope profiles through the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. Nature, 235, 429–34.

Johnsen S.J., Hammer C.U., Iversen P., Jouzel J., Stauffer N., and Steffensen J.P. (1992) Irregular glacial interstadials recorded in a new Greenland ice core. Nature, 359, 311–13.

Johnsen, S.J., Dahl Jensen, D, Gundestrup, N. et al. (2001) Oxygen isotope and palaeotemperature records from six Greenland ice-core stations: Camp Century, Dye-3, GRIP, GISP2, Renland and NorthGRIP. Journal of Quaternary Science, 16, 299–307.

Johnson, D.L. (1998) Paleosols are buried soils. Quaternary International, 51–2, 7.

Johnson, G.A.L. (1952) A glacial erratic boulder of Shap Granite in south Northumberland. Geological Magazine, 89, 361–4.

Johnson, G.A.L. (1959) The Carboniferous stratigraphy of the Roman Wall Districts in Western Northumberland. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 32, 83–130.

Johnson, G.A.L. (1967) Basement control of Carboniferous sedimentation in northern England. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 6, 175–94.

Johnson, G.A.L. (1997) Geology of Hadrian's Wall, Geologists' Association Guide, No. 59, The Geologists' Association, London, 89 pp.

Johnson, G.A.L. and Dunham, K. C. (1963) The Geology of Moor House: a National Nature Reserve in North-East Westmoorland, Monographs of the Nature Conservancy Council, No. 2, HMSO, London, 182 pp.

Johnson, G.A.L. and Hickling, G. (1970) Geology of Durham County. Transactions of the Natural History Society, Northumberland, 41, 1–158.

Johnson, G.A.L., Robinson, D. and Hornung, M. (1971) Unique bedrock and soils associated with the Teesdale Flora. Nature, 232, 453–6.

Johnson, R.H. (1957) Observations on the stream pattern of some peat moorlands in the southern Pennines. Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, 99, 110–27.

Johnson, R.H. (1963) The Roosedyche, Whalley Bridge: a new appraisal. East Midland Geographer, 3, 155–62.

Johnson, R.H. (1965a) Glacial geomorphology of the west Pennine slopes. In Essays in Geography for A.A. Miller (eds J.B. Whittow and P.D. Wood), University of Reading Press, Reading, pp. 58–93.

Johnson, R.H. (1965b) The origin of the Churnet and Rudyard Valleys. North Staffordshire Journal of Field Studies, 5, 95–105.

Johnson, R.H. (1967) Some glacial, periglacial and karstic landforms in the Sparrowpit–Dove Holes area of north Derbyshire. East Midland Geographer, 4, 224–238.

Johnson, R.H. (1968) Four temporary exposures of solifluction deposits on Pennine hillslopes in north east Cheshire. Mercian Geologist, 2, 379–87.

Johnson, R.H. (1969) The Derwent-Wye confluence re-examined. East Midland Geographer, 4, 421–6.

Johnson, R.H. (1975) Some late Pleistocene involutions at Dalton-in-Furness, northern England. Geographical Journal, 10(1), 23–34.

Johnson, R.H. (1985a) The geomorphology of the regions around Manchester: an introductory review. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnson), Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 1–23.

Johnson, R.H. (1985b) The imprint of glaciation on the West Pennine Uplands. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnson), Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 237–62.

Johnson, R.H. and Rice, R.J. (1961) Denudation chronology of the south-west Pennine Upland. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 72, 21–31.

Johnson, R.H. and Walthall, S. (1979) The Longdendale Landslides. Geological Journal, 14, 135–58.

Johnson, R.H., Franks, J.W. and Pollard, J.E. (1970). Some Holocene faunal and floral remains in the Whitemoor meltwater channel at Bosley, east Cheshire. North Staffordshire Journal of Field Studies, 10, 65–74.

Johnson, R.H., Tallis, J.H. and Pearson, M. (1972) A temporary section through Late-Denensian sediments at Green Lane, Dalton-in-Furness, Lancashire. New Phytologist, 71, 533–44.

Johnson, R.H., Tallis, J.H. and Wilson, P. (1990) The Seal Edge Coombes, North Derbyshire — a study of their erosional and depositional history.Journal of Quaternary Science, 5, 83–94.

Johnson, S. (1989) English Heritage Book of Hadrian's Wall, B.T. Batsford, London, 143 pp.

Johnston, G. (1873) Our Visit to Holy Island in 1854. Proceedings of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, VII, 27–52.

Jones, A. (1990) The Pleistocene deposits at Thurstaston, Wirral. In Field Excursions in North West England (ed. C. Park), University of Lancaster, Lancaster, pp. 221–9.

Jones, C.R., Houston, J.A. and Bateman, D. (1993) A history of human influence on the coastal landscape. In The Sand Dunes of the Sefton Coast: proceedings of the Sefton Coast Research Seminar, 31 May 1991, Liverpool (eds D. Atkinson and J. Houston), National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside with Sefton Metropolitan Council, Liverpool, pp. 3–20.

Jones, D.K.C. (1981) South East and Southern England, Geomorphology of the British Isles, Methuen, London, 332 pp.

Jones, P.F. and Stanley, M.F. (1974) Ipswichian mammalian fauna from the Beeston Terrace at Boulton Moor, near Derby. Geological Magazine, 111, 515–20.

Jones, R.L. (1971) A contribution to the Late Quaternary ecological history of Cleveland, north-east Yorkshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Durham.

Jones, R.L. (1976a) Late Quaternary vegetational history of the North York Moors. IV Seamer Carrs. Journal of Biogeography, 3, 397–406. Jones, R.L. (1976b) The activities of Mesolithic man: further palaeobotanical evidence from north-east Yorkshire. In Geoarchaeology: Earth Science and the Past (eds D.A. Davidson and M.L. Shackley), Duckworth, London, pp. 35–67.

Jones, R.L. (1977a) Late Devensian deposits from Kildale, north-east Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 41, 185–8.

Jones, R.L. (1977b) Late Quaternary vegetational history of the North York Moors. V The Cleveland dales. Journal of Biogeography, 4, 353–62.

Jones, R.L. (1978) Late Quaternary vegetational history of the North York Moors. VI. The Cleveland moors. Journal of Biogeography, 5, 81–92.

Jones, R.L. (1999) The Pleistocene of north-east Yorkshire. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 18–20.

Jones, R.L. and Gaunt, G.D. (1976) A dated late Devensian organic deposit at Cawood near Selby. Naturalist, 101, 121–3.

Jones, R.L. and Keen, D.H. (1993) Pleistocene Environments in the British Isles, Chapman and Hall, London, 346 pp.

Jones, R.L., Cundill, P.R. and Simmons, I.G. (1979) Archaeology and palaeobotany on the North York Moors and their environs. Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 51, 15–22.

Jones, R.T. (1999) A high resolution, multi-proxy reassessment of the Late-glacial in NW England: the palaeoenvironmental record of Hawes Water and Cunswick Tarn, south Lakeland. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Lancaster.

Jones, T.A. (1912) Petrographic studies of local erratics. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 11, 183–200.

Jowett,.A. and Charlesworth, J.K. (1929) The glacial geology of the Derbyshire Domeland and the western slopes of the southern Pennines. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 85, 307–34.

Jukes, J.B. (1862) On the mode of formation of some of the river valleys in the South of Ireland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 18, 378–403.

Kann, E. (1941) Krustenstein in Seen. Archiven für Hydrobiologie, 37, 432–504.

Kapsner, W.R., Alley, R.B., Shuman, C.A., Amandakrishnan, S. and Grootes, P.M. (1995) Dominant influence of atmospheric circulation on snow accumulation in Greenland over the past 18, 000 years. Nature, 373, 52–4.

Kear B.S. (1977) Shirdley Hill Sand Formation. In The Isle of Man, Lancashire Coast and Lake District (ed. M.J. Tooley), International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, A4, International Union for Quaternary Research, Birmingham, pp. 11–12.

Kear, B.S. (1985) Soil development and soil patterns in north-west England. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnson), Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 80–93.

Keen, D.H. (1995) Raised beaches and sea levels in the English Channel in the Middle and Late Pleistocene: problems of interpretation and implications for the isolation of the British Isles. In Island Britain: A Quaternary Perspective (ed. R.C. Preece), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 96, Geological Society of London, London, pp. 63–74.

Keen, D.H., Jones, R.L. and Robinson, J.E. (1984) A Late Devensian and early Flandrian fauna and flora from Kildale, north-east Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 44, 385–97.

Keen, D.H., Jones, R.L., Evans, R.A. and Robinson, J.E. (1988) Faunal and floral assemblages from Bingley Bog, West Yorkshire, and their significance for Late Devensian and early Flandrian environmental changes. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 47, 125–38.

Keen, D.H., Coope, G.R., Jones, R.L. et al. (1997) Middle Pleistocene deposits at Fog Hall Pit, Stretton-on-Dunsmore, Warwickshire, English Midlands, and their implication for the age of the type Wolstonian. Journal of Quaternary Science, 12, 183–208.

Kellar, B.A. (1927) Description of the vegetation on the Plains of European Russia. Journal of Ecology, 15, 189–233.

Kemp, R.A. (1985a) Soil Micromorphology and the Quaternary, Quaternary Research Association Technical Guide, No. 2, Quaternary Research Association, London, 80 pp.

Kemp, R.A. (1985b) The Valley Farm Soil in southern East Anglia. In Soils and Quaternary Landscape Evolution (ed. J. Boardman), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 179–96.

Kemp, R.A. (1998) Role of micromorphology in paleopedological research. Quaternary International, 51–2, 133–41.

Kendall, J.D. (1881) Interglacial deposits of west Cumberland and north Lancashire. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 37, 29–39.

Kendall, P.F. (1902) A system of glacier lakes in the Cleveland Hills. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 58, 471–571.

Kendall, P.F. (1903) The glacier lakes of Cleveland. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 15, 1–40.

Kendall, P.F. and Muff, H.B. (1901) Evidence of ancient glacier-dammed lakes in the Cheviots. Geological Magazine, New Series, 8, 513–15.

Kendall, R.E and Muff, H.B. (1903) The evidence for glacier-dammed lakes in the Cheviot Hills. Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, 8, 226–30.

Kendall, P.F. and Wroot, H.E. (1924) Geology of Yorkshire: an illustration of the Evolution of Northern England, Scholar Press, Menton.

Kenna, R.J.B. (1986) The Flandrian Sequence of North Wirral (N.W. England). Geological Journal, 21, 1–27.

Kennard, A.S. and Musham, J.F. (1937) On the mollusca from the Holocene tufaceous deposit at Broughton-Brigg, Lincolnshire. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 22, 374–9.

Kennard, A.S. and Woodward, B.B. (1919) Description of the non-marine Mollusca. In On the deposit of interglacial loess and some transported preglacial freshwater clays on the Durham coast (C.T. Trechmann). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 75, 175–203.

Kent, R.E. (1957) Triassic Relics and the 1, 000 foot Surface in the Southern Pennines. East Midland Geographer, 1, 3–10.

Kenward, H.K. (1984) Insects, beetles and ants. In Late Quaternary Environments and Man in Holderness, (ed. D.D. Gilbertson), British Archaeological Reports British Series, 134, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, pp. 220–1.

Kenward, H., Williams, D., Spencer, P., Greig, J.R., Rackham, J.D. and Brinklow, D. (1978) The environment of Anglo-Scandinavian York. In Viking Age York and the North (ed. R.A. Hall), Council for British Archaeology Research Report, No. 27, Council for British Archaeology, London, pp. 58–73.

Kerney, M.P., Preece, R.C. and Turner, C. (1980) Molluscan and plant biostratigraphy of some Late Devensian and Flandrian deposits in Kent. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B291, 1–43.

King, A. (1974) A review of archaeological work in the caves of North-West England. In Limestones and Caves of North-West England (ed. A.C. Waltham), David and Charles, Newton Abbot, pp. 182–200.

King, C.A.M. (1960) The Yorkshire Dales, British Landscapes through Maps, No. 2, The Geographical Association, Sheffield, 24 pp.

King, C.A.M. (1963) Some problems concerning marine planation and the formation of erosion surfaces. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 33, 29–43.

King, C.A.M. (1969) Trend surface analysis of central Pennine erosion surfaces. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 47, 47–59.

King, C.A.M. (1976) Northern England, Geomorphology of the British Isles, Methuen, London, 213 pp.

King, C.A.M. (1977) The early Quaternary landscape with considerations of neotectonics matters. In British Quaternary Studies: Recent Advances (ed. F.W. Shotton), Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 137–52.

King, L. (1958) Correspondence on the problem of tors. Geographical Journal, 124, 289–91.

King, R.B. (1968) Periglacial features in the Cairngorm Mountains. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.

King, R.B. (1971) Boulder polygons and stripes in the Cairngorm Mountains. Journal of Glaciology, 10, 375–86.

Kitchener, A.C. and Bonsall, C. (1999) Further AMS radiocarbon dates for extinct Scottish mammals. Quaternary Newsletter, 88, 1–10.

Kleman, J. (1994) Preservation of landforms under ice sheets and ice caps. Geomorphology, 9, 19–32.

Kleman, J. and Borgström, I. (1994) Glacial landforms indicative of a partly frozen bed. Journal of Glaciology, 40, 255–64.

Kleman, J., Borgström, I, Robertsson, A.M. and Lillieskold, M. (1992) Morphology and stratigraphy from several deglaciations in the Transtrand Mountains, western Sweden. Journal of Quaternary Science, 7, 1–17.

Kiernan, J. Borgström, I and Hattestrand, C. (1994) Evidence for a relict glacial landscape in Quebec–Labrador. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 111, 217–28.

Klimaszewski, M (1964) On the effect of the preglacial relief on the course and the magnitude of glacial erosion in the Tatra Mountains. Geographica Polonica, 2, 11–21.

Knight, J. (1998) Origin and significance of calcareous concretions within glacial outwash in the Tempo Valley, north-central Ireland. Boreas, 27, 81–7.

Knight, J. and McCabe, A.M. (1997a) Drumlin evolution and ice sheet oscillations along the NE Atlantic margin, Donegal bay, Western Ireland. Sedimentary Geology, 111, 57–72.

Knight, J. and McCabe, A.M. (1997b) Identification and significance of ice-flow-transverse subglacial ridges (Rogen moraines) in north central Ireland. Journal of Quaternary Science, 12, 519–24.

Knight, J.L., Auton, C.A., Busby, J.P. et al. (1997) A synthesis of the nature and origin of deformational features within the Quaternary sequences, Sellafield. Nirex Science Report, SA/97/004.

Knudsen, K.L. and Sejrup, H.P. (1988) Amino acid geochronology of the selected interglacial sites in the North Sea area. Boreas, 17, 347–54.

Koster, E.A. (1988) Ancient and modern cold-climate aeolian sand deposition: a review. Journal of Quaternary Science, 3, 69–83.

Kruger, J. and Marcussen, I. (1976) Lodgement till and flow till: a discussion. Boreas, 5, 61–4.

Kukla, G. (1987) Loess stratigraphy in central China. Quaternary Science Reviews, 6, 191–219.

Kukla, G., Heller, F., Ming, L.X. et al. (1988) Pleistocene climates in China dated by magnetic susceptibility. Geology, 16, 811–14.

Kurth', N.B. (1968) Pleistocene Mammals of Europe, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 317 pp.

Lageard, J.G.A. (1992) Vegetational History and Palaeoforest Reconstruction at White Moss, South Cheshire, UK. Unpublished PhD thesis, Keele University.

Lageard, J.G.A., Chambers, E.M. and Thomas P.A. (1995) Recording and reconstruction of wood macrofossils in three-dimensions. Journal of Archaeological Science, 22, 561–7.

Lageard, J.G.A., Chambers, F.M. and Thomas, P.A. (1999) Climatic significance of the marginalization of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) c. 2500 BC at White Moss, south Cheshire, UK. The Holocene, 9, 321–31.

Laing, R. (1889) On the bone caves of Creswell and the discovery of an extinct Pleiocene feline (Felis brevirostris), new to Great Britain. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1889, 582–4.

Lamb, A. L. and Ballantyne, C. K. (1998) Palaeonunataks and the altitude of the last ice sheet in the SW Lake District, England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 109, 305–16.

Lamb, H.H. (1977) Climate: Past, Present and Future, Methuen, London.

Lamb, H.H. (1982) Climate, History and the Modern World, Methuen, London, 387 pp.

Lambeck, K. (1991) Glacial rebound and sea-level change in Great Britain. Terra Nova, 3, 379–89.

Lambeck, K. (1993a) Glacial rebound of the British Isles — I. Preliminary model results. Geophysical Journal International, 115, 941–59.

Lambeck, K. (1993b) Glacial rebound of the British Isles — II. A high-resolution, high-precision model. Geophysical Journal International, 115, 960–90.

Lambeck, K. (1995). Late Devensian and Holocene shorelines of the British Isles and North Sea from models of glacio-hydro-isostatic rebound. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 152, 437–48.

Lambeck, K. (1996) Glaciation and sea-level change for Ireland and the Irish Sea since Late Devensian/Midlandian time. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 153, 853–72.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1879) On the divisions of the glacial beds in Filey Bay. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 7, 167–77.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1881a) On glacial sections near Bridlington. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 7, 383–97.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1881b) On the Bridlington and Dimlington glacial shell beds. Geological Magazine, 8, 535–46.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1881c) On a shell bed at the base of the drift at Speeton, near Filey, on the Yorkshire coast. Geological Magazine, 8, 174–80.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1882) Glacial sections near Bridlington. Part II. Cliff section extending 900 yards south of the harbour. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 8, 27–38.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1884a) Glacial sections near Bridlington. Part III. The drainage sections. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 8, 240–54.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1884b) On a recent exposure of the shelly patches in the boulder clay at Bridlington Quay. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 40, 312–28.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1887) Report on the buried cliff at Sewerby, near Bridlington. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 9, 381–92.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1889) Report of the committee appointed for the purpose of investigating an ancient sea beach near Bridlington Quay. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1888, 328–38.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1890) Glacial sections near Bridlington. Part IV Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 11, 275–307.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1891a) On the drifts of Flamborough Head. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 47, 384–41.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1891b) Final report of the Committee ... appointed for the purpose of investigating an ancient sea beach near Bridlington Quay. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1890, 375–77.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1903) Land-shells in the infra-glacial chalk-rubble at Sewerby, near Bridlington Quay. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 15, 91–5.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1911) On the shelly moraine of the Sefstrom glacier and other Spitzbergen phenomena illustrative of British glacial conditions. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 17, 216–41.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1919) On a boring at Kilnsea, Holderness. Summary of Progress of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and the Museum of Practical Geology (1918), 63–4.

Lamplugh, G.W. (1925) Kelsey Hill, Kirmingham and other drift problems. Transactions of the Hull Geological Society, 6, 259–75.

Land, D.H. (1974) Geology of the Tymemouth District, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) New Series (15), HMSO, London, 176 pp.

Lancaster University Archaeological Unit (1995) Low Hauxley Northumberland Archaeological Evaluation Report, LUAU, Lancaster.

Larsen, E. and Sjerup, H-P (1990) Weichselian land-sea interactions: western Norway–Norwegian Sea. Quaternary Science Reviews, 6, 85–97.

Laurent, M., Falgueres, J., Bahain, J., Rousseau, L. and Van Vliet Lanoe, B. (1998) ESR dating of quartz extracted from Quaternary and Neogene sediments: method, potential and actual limits. Quaternary International, 17, 1057–62.

Lawson, D.E. (1979a) A comparison of the pebble orientations in ice and deposits of the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska. Journal of Geology, 87, 629–45.

Lawson, D.E. (1979b) Sedimentological Analysis of the Western Terminus Region of the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Report, 79–9, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, 112 pp.

Lawson, D.E. (1981) Distinguishing characteristics of diamictons at the margin of the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska. Annals of Glaciology, 2, 78–84.

Lawson, D.E. (1982) Mobilization, movement and deposition of active subaerial sediment flows, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska. Journal of Geology, 90, 279–300.

Lawson, D.E. (1989) Glacigenic resedimentation: classification concepts and application to mass movement processes and products. In Genetic Classification of Glacigenic Deposits: final report of the Commission on Genesis and Lithology of Glacial Quaternary Deposits of the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) (eds R.P Goldthwait and C.I. Matsch), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 147–72.

Leach, W. (1930) A preliminary account of the vegetation of some non-calcareous British screes (Gerolle). Journal of Ecology, 18, 321–32.

Leah, M., Wells, C.E., Huckerby, E. and Appleby, C. (1997) The Wetlands of Cheshire, North-West Wetlands Survey, 4; Lancaster Imprints, 5, Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, Lancaster, 246 pp.

Lee, J. (1981) Atmospheric pollution and the Peak District blanket bogs. In Peak District Moorland Erosion Study: Phase I Report, (eds J. Phillips, D. Yalden and J. Tallis), Peak Park Joint Planning Board, Bakewell, pp. 104–8.

Lee, M.P (1979) Loess from the Pleistocene of the Wirral Peninsula, Merseyside. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 90, 21–6. Leeder, M.R. (1982) Upper Palaeozoic basins of the British Isles — Caledonide inheritance versus Hercynian plate margin processes. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 139, 479–91.

Legge, A.J. and Rowley-Conwy, P.A. (1988) Star Carr revisited: a re-analysis of the large mammals, Centre for Extra-Mural Studies, Birkbeck College, London, 145 pp.

Leighton, M.M. (1959) Stagnancy of the Illinoian glacial lobe east of the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. Journal of Geology, 67, 337–44.

Le Roux, M. (1908) Récherches biologiques sur le lac d'Annecy. Annales Biologique lacustre, 2, 220–402.

Lesne, P. (1920) Quelques insectes du pliocène supérieur du Comté de Durham. Bulletin Museum Historique et naturelle de Paris, 26, 388, 484.

Lesne, P. (1926) Sur une faunule coléopterologique pliocène du nord de Angleterre. C.R. Academie Scientifique Paris, 182, 495.

Letzer, J.M. (1978) The Glacial Geomorphology of the region bounded by Shap Fells, Stainmore and the Howgill Fells in East Cumbria. Unpublished M.Phil. thesis, University of London.

Letzer, J.M. (1981) The Upper Eden valley (Ravenstonedale). In Eastern Cumbria Field Meeting: 15–18 May 1981 (ed. J. Boardman), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 43–60.

Letzer, J. M. (1987) Drumlins of the southern Vale of Eden. In Drumlin Symposium: proceedings of the Drumlin Symposium, first International Conference on Geomorphology, Manchester, 16–18 September 1985 (eds J. Menzies and J Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 323–34.

Levesque, A.J., Mayle, F.E., Walker, I.R. and Cwynar, L.C. (1993) The amphi-Atlantic oscillation: a proposed Late-Glacial climatic event. Quaternary Science Reviews, 12, 629–43.

Lewin, J. (1969) The Yorkshire Wolds, a Study in Geomorphology, University of Hull Occasional Papers in Geography, No. 11, University of Hull, Hull, 89 pp.

Lewis, C.L.E., Green, P.E, Carter, A. and Hurford, A.J. (1992) Elevated Ka palaeotemperatures throughout N.W. England: three kms of tertiary erosion? Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 112, 131–45.

Lewis, F. J. (1904) Interglacial and post-glacial beds of the Cross Fell district. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1904, pp. 798–9.

Lewis, H.C. (1887a) The terminal moraines of the great glaciers of England. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1887, 691–2.

Lewis, H.C. (1887b) The terminal moraines of the great glaciers of England. Nature, 36, 573.

Lewis, H.C. (1894) Papers and Notes on the Glacial Geology of Great Britain and Ireland, Longman, Green and Co., London, 469 pp.

Lewis, S.G. (1999) Eastern England. In A Revised Correlation of Quaternary Deposits in the British Isles (ed. D.Q. Bowen), Geological Society of London Special Report, No. 23, Geological Society of London, Bath, pp. 10–27.

Lewis, W.V. (1960) The problem of cirque erosion. In Investigations on Norwegian Cirque Glaciers (ed. W.V. Lewis), Royal Geographical Society Research Series, No. 4, London, pp. 97–100.

Libby, W.F. (1952) Radiocarbon Dating, Chicago University Press, Chicago, 124 pp.

Likens, G.E. and Davis, M.B. (1975) Post-glacial history of Mirror lake and its watershed in New Hampshire, USA: an initial report. Verhandlungen International Vereinigung für Theoretische and Angewandte Limnologie, 19, 982–93.

Lillie, M. (1995) Soil erosion in Holderness: geomorphological and archaeological perspectives. In Wetland Heritage of Holderness: an Archaeological Survey (eds R. Van de Noort and S. Ellis), Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, pp. 129–48.

Lillie, M. and Gearey, B. (1999) Introduction to the palaeoenvironmental survey. In Wetland Heritage of the Vale of York: an Archaeological Survey (eds R. Van de Noort and S. Ellis), Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, pp. 21–33.

Lillie, M. and Gearey, B. (2000) Palaeoenvironmental survey of the Hull valley and research at Routh Quarry. In Wetland Heritage of the Hull Valley: an Archaeological Survey (eds R. Van de Noort and S. Ellis), Humber Wetland Project, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, pp. 31–82.

Lindsay, J.F. (1970) Clast fabric of till and its development. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 40, 629–41.

Lindstrom, E. (1988) Are roches moutonnees mainly preglacial forms? Geografiska Annaler, 70A, 323–31.

Linton, D.L. (1949) Unglaciated areas in Scandanavia and Britain. Irish Geography, 2, 25–33.

Linton, D.L. (1955) The problem of tors. Geographical Journal, 121, 470–87.

Linton, D.L. (1956) Geomorphology. In Sheffield and its Region: A Scientific and Historical Survey (ed. D.L. Linton), British Association, Sheffield, pp. 24–43.

Linton, D.L. (1957) Radiating valleys in glaciated lands. Tijdschrift van het Koninklijke Nederlandsche Aardrijkskunkig Genootschap, 74, 297–312.

Linton, D.L. (1964) The origin of the Pennine tors — an essay in analysis. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 8, 5–24.

Lister, A.M. (1991) Late Glacial mammoths in Britain. In The Late Glacial in North-west Europe: Human Adaptation and Environmental Change at the end of the Pleistocene (eds N. Barton, A.J. Roberts and D.A. Roe), Council for British Archaeology Research Report, 77, Council for British Archaeology, London, pp. 51–9.

Long, A.J. (1992) Coastal responses to changes in sea level in the East Kent Fens and southeast England, UK in the last 7500 years. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 103, 187–99.

Long, A.J. and Sherman, I. (1993) Holocene relative sea-level and crustal movements in Southeast and Northeast England, UK. Quaternary Proceedings, 3, 15–19.

Long, A.J., Innes, J.B., Kirby, J.R. et al. (1998) Holocene sea-level change and coastal evolution in the Humber Estuary, eastern England: an assessment of rapid coastal change. The Holocene, 8, 229–47.

Long, D.C., Laban, C., Streif, H., Cameron, T.D.J. and Schattenhelm, R.T.E. (1988) The sedimentary record of climatic variation in the southern North Sea. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B318, 523–37.

Long, D.J. (1994) Prehistoric field systems and the vegetation development of the gritstone uplands of the Peak District. Unpublished PhD thesis, Keele University.

Long, D.J., Chambers, E.M. and Barnatt, J. (1998) The palaeoenvironment and the vegetation history of a Later Prehistoric field system at Stoke Flat on the gritstone uplands of the Peak District. Journal of Archaeological Science, 25, 505–19.

Longworth, D. (1985) The Quaternary history of the Lancashire Plain. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnson), Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 178–200.

Lotter, A.F., Eicher U., Siegenthaler, U. and Birks, H.J.B. (1992) Late-glacial climatic oscillations as recorded in Swiss lake sediments: Journal of Quaternary Science, 7, 187–204.

Lovell, J.H. (1982) The Sand and Gravel Resources of the Country around Catterick, North Yorkshire, Institute of Geological Sciences Mineral Assessment Report, 120, HMSO, London, 60 pp.

Lovell, J.P.B. (1990) Cenozoic. In Introduction to the Petroleum Geology of the North Sea, 3rd edn (ed. K.W. Glennie), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 273–93.

Lowe, J.J. (1991) Stratigraphic resolution and radiocarbon dating of Devensian late glacial sediments. Quaternary Proceedings, 1, 19–25.

Lowe, J.J. and Walker, M.J.C. (1984) Reconstructing Quaternary Environments, Longmans and Co., London, 389 pp.

Lowe, J.J. and Walker, M.J.C. (1997a) Reconstructing Quaternary Environments, 2nd edn, Longman and Co., London, 446 pp.

Lowe, J.J. and Walker, M.J.C. (1997b) Temperature variation in NW Europe during the last glacial/interglacial transition (14–9 14C ka BP) based upon the analysis of coleopteran assemblages — the contribution of Professor G.R. Coope. Quaternary Proceedings, 5, 165–75.

Lowe, J.J., Ammann, B., Birks, H.H. et al. (1994a) Climatic changes in areas adjacent to the North Atlantic during the last glacial-interglacial transition (14–9 ka BP): a contribution to IGCP-253. Journal of Quaternary Science, 9, 185–98.

Lowe, J.J., Coope, G.R., Keen, D. and Walker, M.J.C. (1994b) High resolution stratigraphy of the last Glacial-Interglacial transition (LGIT) and inferred climatic gradients. In Palaeoclimate of the Last Glacial/Interglacial Cycle: marking the conclusion of the NERC Earth Science Directorate Special Topic (eds B.M. Funnell and R.L.F. Kay), Natural Environment Research Council, Earth Sciences Directorate Special Publication, 94/2, Natural Environment Research Council, Swindon, pp. 47–52.

Lowe, J.J., Coope, G.R., Lemdahl, G. and Walker, M.J.C. (1995a) The Younger Dryas climate signal in land records from NW Europe. In The Younger Dryas: proceedings of a Workshop at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences on 11–13 April 1994 (eds S.R. Troelstra, J.E. van Hinte and G.M. Ganssen), Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Afd Natuurkunde, Eerste reeks, 44, North-Holland, Amsterdam and Oxford, pp. 3–25.

Lowe, J.J., Coope, G.R., Harkness, D.D., Sheldrick, C. and Walker M.J.C. (1995b) Direct comparison of UK temperatures and Greenland snow accumulation rates, 15–12 000 years ago. Journal of Quaternary Science, 10, 175–80.

Lowe, J.J., Birks, H.H., Brooks, S.J. et al. (1999) The chronology of palaeoenvironmental changes during the Last Glacial-Holocene transition: towards an event stratigraphy for the British Isles. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 156, 397–410.

Lund, J.W.G. (1961) The algae of the Malham Tarn district. Field Studies, 1, 58–72.

Lundberg, J. and Ford, D.C. (1994) Late Pleistocene sea-level change in the Bahamas from mass spectrometric U-Series dating of submerged speleothem. Quaternary Science Reviews, 13, 1–14.

Lunn, A.G. (1980) Quaternary. In The Geology of Northeast England (ed. D.A. Robson), Natural History Society of Northumbria Special Publication, The Natural History Society of Northumbria, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, pp. 48–60.

Lunn, A.G. (1995) Quaternary. In Robson's Geology of North East England (ed. G.A.L. Johnson). Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, 56, 297–311.

Lunn, A. G. (1996) The glaciation of the Northern Pennines. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 6, 1994–5, 120–4.

MacFadyen, W.A. (1933) Report on the silts and clay. In Report on an early Bronze Age Site in the south eastern Fens (ed. G. Clark). The Antiquaries Journal, 13, 266–96.

Mackay, A.W. and Tanis, J.H. (1994) The recent vegetational history of the Forest of Bowland, Lancashire, UK. New Phytologist, 128, 571–84.

Mackereth, F.J.H. (1958) A portable core sampler for lake deposits. Limnology and Oceanography, 3, 181–91.

Mackereth, F.J.H. (1966) Some chemical observations on Post-glacial lake sediments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B250, 165–213.

Mackereth, F.J.H. (1971) On the variation in direction of the horizontal component of remanent magnetisation in lake sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 12, 332–8.

Mackintosh, D. (1869) The Scenery of England and Wales, its Character and Origin. Longmans, Green and Co., London, 399 pp.

Mackintosh, D. (1870) On the origin of the drifts, so called moraines and glaciated rock surfaces of the Lake District. Geological Magazine, 7, 445–60.

Mackintosh, D. (1877) Tripartite origin of the boulder clays of the North West of England. Geological Magazine, 14, 575–6.

Mackintosh, D. (1879) Results of a systematic survey in 1878 of the directions and limits of dispersion, mode of occurrence and relation to drift deposits of the erratic blocks or boulders of the west of England and east of Wales. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 35, 425–52.

Mackintosh, D. (1883) Estimates of limestone solution. Abstract Proceedings of Geological Society, p. 67.

Macklin, M.G. and Hunt, C.O. (1988) Late Quaternary alluviation and valley floor development in the Upper Axe Valley, Mendip, south west England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 99, 49–60.

Macklin, M.G., Passmore, D.G., Stevenson, A.C., Cowley, D.C., Edwards, D.N. and O'Brien, C.F. (1991) Holocene alluviation and land-use change on Callaly Moor, Northumberland, England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 6, 225–32.

Macklin, M.G., Passmore, D.G. and Rumsby, B.T. (1992) Climatic and cultural signals in Holocene alluvial sequences: the Tyne basin. In Alluvial Archaeology in Britain: proceedings of a conference sponsored by the RMC Group plc, 3–5 January 1991, British Museum (eds S. Needham and M.G. Macklin), Oxbow Monograph, No. 27, Oxbow Press, Oxford, pp. 123–40.

Macklin, M.G., Taylor, M.P., Hudson-Edwards, K.A. and Howard, A.J. (2000) Holocene environmental change in the Yorkshire Ouse basin and its influence on river dynamics and sediment fluxes to the coastal zone. In Holocene Land–Ocean Interaction and Environmental Change around the North Sea (eds I. Shennan and J.E. Andrews), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 166, Geological Society of London, London, pp. 87–96.

Maddy, D. (1997) Uplift-driven valley incision and river terrace formation in southern England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 12, 539–45.

Maddy, D., Keen, D.H., Bridgland, D.R. and Green, C.P. (1991) A revised model for the Pleistocene development of the River Avon, Warwickshire. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 148, 473–84.

Madgett, R.A. (1975) Re-interpretation of Devensian till stratigraphy of eastern England. Nature, 253, 105–7.

Madgett, P.A. and Catt, J.A. (1978) Petrography, stratigraphy and weathering of Late Pleistocene tills in East Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and north Norfolk. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 42, 55–108.

Magilton, J.R. (1995) Lindow Man: the Celtic tradition and beyond. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 183–7.

Maltby, E., Legg, C.J. and Proctor, M.C.F. (1990) The ecology of severe moorland fire on the North York Moors: effects of the 1976 fires, and subsequent surface vegetation development. Journal of Ecology, 78, 490–518.

Maltman, A.J. (1994) Deformation structures preserved in rocks. In The Geological Deformation of Sediments (ed. A.J. Maltman), Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 261–307.

Mangerud, J., Andersen, S.T., Berglund, B.E. and Donner, J. (1974) Quaternary stratigraphy of Norden, a proposal for terminology and classification. Boreas, 3, 109–28.

Manley, G. (1936) The climate of the Northern Pennines: the coldest part of England. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 62, 103–15.

Manley, G. (1959) The late-glacial climate of north-west England. Liverpool and Manchester Geological Journal, 2, 188–215.

Manley, G. (1962) The Late-glacial climate of the Lake District. Weather, 17, 60–4.

Manning, A., Birley, R. and Tipping, R. (1997) Roman impact on the environment at Hadrian's Wall: precisely dated pollen analysis from Vindolanda, northern England. The Holocene, 7, 175–86.

Marcussen, I. (1973) Studies on flow till in Denmark. Boreas, 2, 213–31.

Marcussen, I. (1975) Distinguishing between lodgment till and flow till in Weichselian deposits. Boreas, 4, 113–23.

Mark, D.M. (1974) On the interpretation of till fabrics. Geology, 2, 101–4.

Marr, J.E. (1906) The influence of the geological structure of the English Lakeland upon its present features. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 62, lxvi–cxxviii.

Marr, J.E. (1916) The Geology of the Lake District, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 220 pp.

Marr, J.E. and Fearnsides, W.G. (1909) The Howgill Fells and their topography. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 65, 587–610.

Mather, P.M. (1969) Analysis of some late Pleistocene sediments from south Lancashire and their relation to glacial and fluvioglacial processes. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.

Matthews, B. (1970) Age and origin of aeolian sand in the Vale of York. Nature, 227, 1234–6.

Mauquoy, D. and Barber, K.E. (1999a) A replicated 3000 yr proxy-climate record from Coom Rigg Moss and Felecia Moss, The Border Mires, northern England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 14, 263–75.

Mauquoy, D. and Barber, K. (1999b) Evidence for climatic deteriorations associated with the decline of Sphagnum imbricatum Hornsch.ex.Russ. in six ombrotrophic mires from northern England and the Scottish Borders. The Holocene, 9, 423–37.

Maw, G. (1867) On the distribution beyond the Tertiary Districts of white clays and sands subjacent to the Boulder Clay Drifts. Geological Magazine, 4, 240–51.

May, V.J. and Hansom, J. (in press) Coastal Geomorphology of Great Britain, Geological Conservation Review Series, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.

Mayfield, B. and Pearson, M.C. (1972) Human interference with the north Derbyshire blanket peat. East Midland Geographer, 5, 245–51.

Mayle, F.E., Bell, M., Birks, H.H. et al. (1999) Climate variations in Britain during the last Glacial–Holocene transition (15.0–11.5 cal ka BP): comparison with the GRIP ice-core record. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 156, 411–23.

McAllister, M. (2001) Martin Mere — south east. In The Wetlands of South-West Lancashire (eds R. Middleton, M.J. Tooley and J.B. Innes), North West Wetlands Survey, 7; Lancaster Imprints, 10, Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, Lancaster.

McArthur, J.L. (1970) A geomorphological study of the upper Derwent basin, Derbyshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Sheffield.

McArthur, J.L. (1971) Periodicity in upland morphogenesis. New Zealand Geographical Society Conference Series, 6B, 186–91.

McArthur, J.L. (1977) Quaternary erosion in the upper Derwent basin and its bearing on the age of surface features in the southern Pennines. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 2, 490–7.

McArthur, J.L. (1981) Periglacial slope planations in the southern Pennines, England. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 28, 85–97.

McAvoy, F. (1995) Excavation at the Withow Gap, Skipsea, Holderness. In First Annual Report of the Humber Wetlands Survey, 1994–95 (ed. R. Van de Noort and S. Ellis), Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, pp. 16.

McCabe, A.M. (1986) Glaciomarine facies deposited by retreating tidewater glaciers: an example from the late Pleistocene of Northern Ireland. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 56, 880–94.

McCabe, A.M. (1987). Quaternary deposits and glacial stratigraphy in Ireland: a review. Quaternary Science Reviews, 6, 259–300.

McCabe, A.M. (1991) The distribution and stratigraphy of drumlins in Ireland. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, PL. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 421–36.

McCabe, A.M. (1996) Dating and rhythmicity from the last deglacial cycle in the British Isles. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 153, 499–502.

McCabe, A.M. and Clark, P.U. (1998) Ice-sheet variability around the North Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciation. Nature, 392, 373–7.

McCabe, A.M. and Dardis, G.F. (1989) Sedimentology and depositional setting of late Pleistocene drumlins, Galway Bay, western Ireland. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 59, 944–59.

McCabe, A.M. and Dardis, G.F. (1994) Glaciotectonically induced water-throughflow structures in a Late Pleistocene drumlin, Kanrawer, County Galway, western Ireland. Sedimentary Geology, 91, 173–90.

McCabe, A.M. and Haynes, J.R. (1996) A late Pleistocene intertidal boulder pavement from an isostatically emergent coast, Dundalk Bay, eastern Ireland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 21, 555–72.

McCabe, A.M., Dardis, G.F. and Hanvey, P.M. (1987) Sedimentation at the margins of a late Pleistocene ice-lobe terminating in shallow water, Dundalk Bay, eastern Ireland. Sedimentology, 34, 473–93.

McCabe, A.M., Eyles, N., Haynes, J. and Bowen, D.Q. (1990) Biofacies and sediments in an emergent Late Pleistocene glaciomarine sequence, Skerries, east central Ireland. Marine Geology, 94, 23–36.

McCabe, A.M., Knight, J. and McCarron, S. (1998) Evidence for Heinrich Event 1 in the British Isles. Journal of Quaternary Science, 13, 549–68.

McCarroll, D. (2001) Deglaciation of the Irish Sea Basin: a critique of the glaciomarine hypothesis. Journal of Quaternary Science, 16, 393–404.

McCarroll, D. and Harris, C. (1992) The glacigenic deposits of western Lleyn, north Wales: terrestrial or marine? Journal of Quaternary Science, 7, 19–29.

McCarthy, M.R. (1995) Archaeological and environmental evidence for the Roman impact on vegetation near Carlisle, Cumbria. The Holocene, 5, 491–5.

McCarthy, M.R. (1997) Archaeological and environmental evidence for Roman impact on vegetation near Carlisle, Cumbria: a reply to Dumayne-Peaty and Barber. The Holocene, 7, 245–6.

McConnell, R.B. (1938) Residual erosion surfaces in mountain ranges. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 24, 31–59.

McIntyre, A., Ruddiman, W.E and Jantzen, R. (1972) Southward penetrations of the North Atlantic Polar Front: faunal and floral evidence of large-scale surface water mass movements over the last 225, 000 years. Deep-Sea Research, 19, 61–77.

McQuillan, R. (1964) Geophysical investigations in a line of seismic shot holes in the Cheshire Basin. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, 21, 197–203.

Mellars, P (1976) Settlement patterns and industrial variability in the British Mesolithic. In Problems in Economic and Social Archaeology (eds G. de G. Sieveking, I.H. Longworth and K.E. Wilson), Duckworth, London, pp. 375–99.

Mellars, P.A. (1984) Palaeolithic and Mesolithic finds from the Skipsea Withow deposits. In Late Quaternary Environments and Man in Holderness (ed. D.D. Gilbertson), British Archaeological Reports British Series, 134, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, pp. 177–85.

Mellars, P.A. (1998) Postscript: major issues in the interpretation of Star Carr. In Star Carr in Context: new archaeological and palaeoecological investigations at the Early Mesolithic site of Star Carr, North Yorkshire (eds P.A. Mellars and P Dark), McDonald Institute Monographs, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, pp. 215–241.

Mellars, P.A. and Dark, P (1998) Star Carr in Context: new archaeological and palaeoecological investigations at the Early Mesolithic site of Star Carr, North Yorkshire (eds P.A. Mellars and P Dark), McDonald Institute Monographs, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, 250 pp.

Mello, J.M. (1875) On some bone caves in Creswell Crags. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 31, 679–91.

Mello, J.M. (1877) The bone caves of Creswell Crags. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, London, 33, 578–88.

Melmore, S. (1935) The Glacial Geology of Holderness and the Vale of York, T. Buncle, Arbroath, 96 pp.

Menzies, J. (1979a) A review on the literature on the formation and location of drumlins. Earth Science Reviews, 14, 315–59.

Menzies, J. (1979b) The mechanics of drumlin formation with particular reference to the change in pore-water content of the till. Journal of Glaciology, 22, 373–84.

Menzies, J. and Rose, J. (1987a) Drumlins: trends and perspectives. Episodes, 10, 29–31.

Menzies, J. and Rose, J. (eds) (1987b) Drumlin Symposium: proceedings of the Drumlin Symposium, first International Conference on Geomorphology, Manchester, 16–18 September 1985, A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, 360 pp.

Menzies, J. (1989) Drumlins — products of controlled or uncontrolled glacio-dynamic response? Quaternary Science Reviews, 8, 151–8.

Menzies, J. and Rose, J. (1989) Subglacial bedforms: an introduction. Sedimentary Geology, 62, 117–22.

Menzies, J., Zaniewski, K. and Dreger, D. (1997) Evidence, from microstructures, of deformable bed conditions within drumlins, Chimney Bluffs, New York State. Sedimentary Geology, 111, 161–76.

Mercer, R.J. and Tipping, R.M. (1994) The prehistory of soil erosion in the northern and eastern Cheviot Hills, Anglo-Scottish Borders. In The History of Soils and Field Systems (eds S. Foster and C.T. Smout), Scottish Cultural Press, Aberdeen, pp. 1–24.

Merrett, S.P. and Macklin, M.G. (1999) Historic river response to extreme flooding in the Yorkshire Dales, northern England. In Fluvial Processes and Environmental Change (eds A.G. Brown and T. Quine), British Geomorphological Research Group Symposia Series, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 345–60.

Merritt, J.W. (1997a) Nethertown Cliff Sections. In The Quaternary Geology of West Cumbria Field Guide (eds M. Browne, R.J. Heath, D. Huddart and P. Nathanail), Environment Group of the Geological Society of London, London, pp. 58–9.

Merritt, J.W. (1997b) The lithostratigraphy of the St Bees Moraine. In The Quaternary Geology of West Cumbria Field Guide (eds M. Browne, R.J. Heath, D. Huddart and P. Nathanail), Environment Group of the Geological Society of London, London.

Merritt, J.W. and Auton, C.A. (1997a) The Quaternary Lithostratigraphy of the Sellafield District. Nirex Science Report, SA/97/045.

Merritt, J.W. and Auton, C.A. (1997b) The Quaternary Lithostratigraphy of the Sellafield District, British Geological Survey Technical Report, WA/97/15C.

Merritt, J.W. and Auton, C.A. (2000) An outline lithostratigraphy and depositional history of Quaternary deposits in the Sellafield district, west Cumbria. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 53, 129–54.

Metcalfe, S., Ellis, S., Horton, B. et al. (2000) The Holocene evolution of the Humber Estuary: reconstructing change in a dynamic environment. In Holocene Land–Ocean Interaction and Environmental Change around the North Sea (eds I. Shennan and J.E. Andrews), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 166, Geological Society of London, London, pp. 97–118.

Miall, L.C. (1880) The (Raygill) Cave and its contents. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 7, 207–8.

Middleton, R., Wells, C.E. and Huckerby, E. (1995) The Wetlands of North Lancashire, North West Wetlands Survey, 3; Lancaster Imprints, 4, Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, Lancaster, 280 pp.

Middleton, R., Tooley, M.J. and Innes, J.B. (2001) The Wetlands of South-West Lancashire, North West Wetlands Survey, 7; Lancaster Imprints, 10, Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, Lancaster.

Miller, A.A. (1938) Pre-glacial erosion surfaces around the Irish Sea. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 24, 31–59.

Mills, D.A.C. and Holliday, D.W. (1998) The Geology of the District around Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Gateshead and Consett, Memoir (Sheet) of the British Geological Survey (England and Wales) (No. 20), the Stationary Office for the British Geological Survey, London, 148 pp.

Mitchell, G.F., Penny, L.F., Shotton, F.W. and West, R.G. (eds) (1973) A Correlation of Quaternary Deposits in the British Isles, Geological Society of London Special Report, No. 4, Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh, 99 pp.

Mitchell, J.G., Storetvedt, K.M., Robson, D.A., Abranches, M.C. and Ineson, P.R. (1993) Evidence for Carboniferous thermochemical overprinting in the Cheviot complex. Scottish Journal of Geology, 29, 55–68.

Mitchell, W.A. (1991a) Glaciation of Upper Wensleydale and Adjoining Watershed Regions. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London.

Mitchell, W A. (ed.) (1991b) Western Pennines: field guide, Quaternary Research Association Field Guides, Quaternary Research Association, London, 124 pp.

Mitchell, W.A. (1991c) Dimlington Stadial ice sheet in the western Pennines. In Western Pennines: field guide (ed. W.A. Mitchell), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 25–42.

Mitchell, W.A. (1991d) Loch Lomond Stadial landforms and palaeoglaciological reconstruction. In Western Pennines: field guide (ed. W.A. Mitchell), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 43–53.

Mitchell, W.A. (1994) Drumlins in ice sheet reconstruction with special reference to the Western Pennines. Sedimentary Geology, 91, 313–31.

Mitchell, W.A. (1996) Significance of snowblow in the generation of Loch Lomond Stadial (Younger Dryas) glaciers in the western Pennines, northern England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 11, 233–48.

Mitchell, W.A. and Bug,gie, T.P. (1991) Bluecaster. In Western Pennines: field guide (ed. W.A. Mitchell), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 91–3.

Mitchell, W.A. and Clark, C.D. (1994) The Last Ice Sheet in Cumbria. In Cumbria: field guide (eds J. Boardman and J. Walden), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Oxford, pp. 4–14.

Moore, J.W. (1950) Mesolithic sites in the neighbourhood of Flixton, north-east Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 16, 101–8.

Moore, J.W. (1951) Lake Flixton: a Late-glacial structure, Scarborough and District Archaeological Society Publication Series, No. 1, Scarborough and District Archaeological Society, Scarborough, 10 pp.

Moore, J.W. (1954) Excavations at Flixton, site 2. In Excavations at Star Carr: an early Mesolithic site at Seamer near Scarborough, (ed. J.G.D. Clark), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 192–3.

Moore, P.D. (1973) The influence of prehistoric cultures upon the initiation and spread of blanket bog in upland Wales. Nature, 241, 350–3.

Moore, P.D. (1988) The development of moorlands and upland mires. In Archaeology and the Flora of the British Isles (ed. M. Jones), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 14; Botanical Society for the British Isles Conference Report, No. 19, Oxford University Committee for Archaeology, Oxford, pp. 116–22.

Moore, P.D. (1993) The origin of blanket mire, revisited. In Climate Change and Human Impact on the Landscape: studies in palaeoecology and environmental archaeology (ed. E.M. Chambers), 1st edn, Chapman and Hall, London, New York, pp. 217–24.

Morgan, A. (1973) Late Pleistocene environmental changes indicated by fossil insect faunas of the English Midlands. Boreas, 2, 173–212.

Morgan, A.V. (1973) The Pleistocene geology of the area north and west of Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, England. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B265, 233–97.

Morgan, A.V. and West, R.G. (1988) A pollen diagram from an interglacial deposit at Trysull, Staffordshire, England. New Phytologist, 109, 393–7.

Morriss, S.H. (2001) Recent human impact and land use change in Britain and Ireland: a pollen analytical and geochemical study. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Southampton.

Mortimer, J.R. (1885) On the origin of the Chalk dales of Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 9, 29–42.

Morton, G.H. (1860) Evidences of ancient ice-action near Liverpool. The Geologist, 3, 197.

Morton, G.H. (1870) On the glaciated condition of the surface of the Triassic sandstone around Liverpool. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1870, p. 81.

Moseley, E (1961) Erosion surfaces in the Forest of Bowland. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 33, 173–96.

Moseley, F, and Ahmed, S.M. (1967) Carboniferous joints in the north of England and their relation to earlier and later structures. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 36, 61–90.

Mottram, H.B. (1999) Rhaxella chert in East Anglia. Quaternary Newsletter, 88, 11–18.

Mottershead, D.N. (1967) The evolution of the Valley of the Rocks and its landforms. Exmoor Review, 69–72.

Movius, H. (1949) Villafranchian stratigraphy in Southern and Southwestern Europe. Journal of Geology, 57, 380–412.

Muller, E. (1983) Dewatering during lodgement of till. In Tills and Related Deposits: genesis / petrology / application / stratigraphy: proceedings of the INQUA Symposia on the Genesis and Lithology of Quaternary Deposits (eds E.B. Evenson, C. Schluchter and J. Rabassa), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 13–18.

Murray, J.W. and Hawkins, A.B. (1976) Sediment transport in the Severn Estuary during the past 8000–9000 years. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 132, 385–98.

Musham, J.F. (1933, 1934) Land and freshwater shells in the lime deposits around Broughton, near Brigg. In two parts. Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists Union, 8, 145–50.

Musk, L.F. (1985) Glacial and post-glacial climatic conditions in North-west England. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnson), Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 59–79.

Myers, J.O. (1962) In British Caving: an Introduction to Speleology (ed. C.H.D. Cullingford), Routledge, London, pp. 226–57.

Nash, S. (1995) A palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Hawes Water site during the Lateglacial. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Liverpool.

Neal, A. (1993) Sedimentology and morphodynamics of a Holocene coastal dune barrier complex, northwest England. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Reading.

NERC (1999) Land–Ocean Evolution Perspective Study (LOEPS). Understanding our Coasts, Rivers and Estuaries, LOIS Publication, No. 336, Natural Environment Research Council, Swindon.

Nettleton, W.D., Brasher, B.R., Benham, E.C. and Ahrens, R.J. (1998) A classification system for buried paleosols. Quaternary International, 51–2, 175–83.

Newton, M.D. and Leeks, G.J. (1985) Mountain bedload yields in the United Kingdom from undisturbed fluvial environments. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 10, 413–16.

Newton, C.B. (1925) New section across the buried cliff, Holderness. Transactions of the Hull Geological Society, 6, 290.

Nicholson, F.H. (1976) Patterned ground formation and description as suggested by low arctic and subarctic examples. Arctic and Alpine Research, 8, 329–42.

Nicholson, F. (1990) Geology and landforms in the Ingleborough area. In Field Excursions in North West England (ed. C. Park), University of Lancaster, Lancaster; Cicerone Press, Milnthorpe, pp. 93–105.

Nicols, R.L. (1963) Miniature nivation cirques near Marble Point, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology, 4, 477–9.

Nirex (1997a) Analytical Studies of the Provenance, Micropalaeontology and Chronology of Quaternary Sediments from the Sellafield Area during 1996. Nirex Science Report, SA/97 /044.

Nirex (1997b) Quaternary Evolution of the Sellafield Area. Nirex Science Report, SA/97/002.

Noe-Nygaard, N. (1975) Two shoulder blades with healed lesions from Star Carr. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 41, 10–16.

Nolan, S.R., Bloemendal, J., Boyle, J.F., Jones, R.T., Oldfield, F. and Whitney, M. (1999) Mineral magnetic and geochemical records of late Glacial climatic change from two northwest European carbonate lakes. Journal of Paleolimnology, 22, 97–107.

Norbury, W.H. (1884) Lindow Common as a peat bog: its age and its people. Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society, 2, 59–75.

Norris, A., Bartley, D.D. and Gaunt, G.D. (1971) An account of the deposit of shell marl at Burton Salmon, West Yorkshire. Naturalist, 917, 57–63.

Nyberg, R. (1991) Geomorphic processes at snowpatch sites in the Abisko Mountains, Northern Sweden. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 35, 321–43.

Nye, J.F. and Martin, P.C.S. (1968) Glacial erosion. LASH Publication, 79, 78–86.

O'Connor, J. (1964) The Geology of the Area around Malham Tarn, Yorkshire. Field Studies, 2, 53–82.

O'Connor, J., Williams, D.S.F. and Davies, G.M. (1974) Karst features of Malham and the Craven Fault Zone. In The Limestones and Caves of North-West England (ed. A.C. Waltham), David and Charles, Newton Abbot, pp. 395–409.

O Floinn, R.O. (1995a) Recent research into Irish bog bodies. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G: Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 39–46.

O Floinn, R.O. (1995b) Gazeteer of bog bodies in the British Isles. 2. Ireland. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 221–34.

Oldfield, F. (1960a) Studies in the post-glacial history of the British vegetation: lowland Lonsdale. New Phytologist, 59, 192–217.

Oldfield, F. (1960b) Late Quaternary changes in climate, vegetation and sea-level in lowland Lonsdale. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 28, 99–117.

Oldfield, F. (1963) Pollen analysis and mans role in the ecological history of the south-east Lake District. Geografiska Annaler, 45, 23–40.

Oldfield, F. (1965) Problems of mid-Post-glacial pollen zonation in part of north-west England. Journal of Ecology, 53, 247–60.

Oldfield, F. (1970) The ecological history of Blelham Bog National Nature Reserve. In Studies in the Vegetational History of the British Isles (eds D. Walker and R.G. West), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 141–57.

Oldfield, F., Krawiecki, A., Maher, B., Taylor, J.J. and Twigger, S. (1985) The role of mineral magnetic measurements in archaeology. In Palaeoenvironmental Investigations: Research Design, Methods and Data Analysis (eds N.R.J. Fieller, D.D. Gilbertson and N.G.A. Ralph), British Archaeological Research International Series 258, Oxford, pp. 22–9.

Oldfield, F., Higgit, S.R., Richardson, N. and Yates, G. (1986) Pollen, charcoal, rhizopod and radiometric analysis. In Lindow Man, the Body in the Bog (eds I.M. Stead, J.B. Bourke and D. Brothwell), British Museum Publications, London, pp. 82–5.

Oldfield, F., Battarbee, R.W., Thompson, R. and Wolff, G.A. (1999) A Lake Sediment Based Study of the Holocene History, Flux and Characterisation of Fine, Particulate, Terrestrially Derived Sediments in the Humber Region, (GST/02/754), Final Report LOIS Special Topic Project Number, 78.

Orford, J.D., Wilson, P., Wintle, A.G., Knight, J. and Braley, S. (2000) Holocene coastal dune initiation in Northumberland and Norfolk, eastern UK: climate and sea-level changes as possible forcing agents for dune initiation. In Holocene Land–Ocean Interaction and Environmental Change around the North Sea (eds I. Sherman and J. Andrews), Geological Society of London Special Publication, 166, pp. 197–217.

Osborne, P.J. (1972) Insect faunas of Late Devensian and Flandrian age from Church Stretton, Shropshire. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B263, 327–67.

Osvald, H. (1923) Die vegetation des Hochmoores Komosse. Svenske Veixtsocial. Sallsk. Handlingar, 1, 1–436.

Otlet, R.L., Walker, A.J. and Dadson, S.M. (1986) Report on radiocarbon dating of the Lindow man by AERE, Harwell. In Lindow Man. The Body in the Bog (eds I.M. Stead, J.B. Bourke and D. Brothwell), British Museum Publications, London, pp. 27–30.

Owen, D.E. (1947) The Pleistocene history of the Wirral peninsular. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 19, 210–39.

Oxford, S.P. (1985) Protalus ramparts, protalus rock glaciers and soliflucted till in the northwest part of the English Lake District. In Field Guide to the Periglacial Landforms of Northern England (ed. J. Boardman), Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 38–46.

Oxford, S.P. (1994) Periglacial snowbed landforms at Dead Crags, Cumbria. In Cumbria: Field Guide (eds J. Boardman and J. Walden), Quaternary Research Association, Oxford, pp. 158–64.

Page, K.N. (1989) A stratigraphical revision for the English Lower Callovian. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 100, 363–82.

Palmer, J. A. (1956) Tor formation at The Bridestones in North-East Yorkshire and its significance in relation to problems of valley-side development and regional glaciation. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 22, 55–71.

Palmer, J.A. (1967) Landforms. In Leeds and its Region (eds M.W. Beresford and G.R.J. Jones), British Association for the Advancement of Science, Leeds, pp. 16–29.

Palmer, J. A. and Nielson, R.A. (1962) The origin of granite tors on Dartmoor, Devonshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 33, 315–39.

Palmer, J. A. and Radley, J. (1961) Gritstone tors of the English Pennines. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 5, 37–52.

Pantin, H.M. (1978) Quaternary Sediments from the north-east Irish Sea: Isle of Man to Cumbria, Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, 64, 1–43 pp.

Pantin, H.M. and Evans,C.D.R. (1984) The Quaternary history of the central and southwestern Celtic Sea. Marine Geology, 57, 259–93.

Parizek, R. (1969) Glacial ice contact rings and ridges. In United States Contributions to Quaternary Research: papers prepared on the occasion of the VIII Congress of the International Association for Quaternary Research, Paris, France, 1969 (eds S.A. Schumm and W.C Bradley), Geological Society of America Special Paper, No. 123, Geological Society of American, Boulder, pp. 49–102.

Parker, A.G., Anderson D.E. and Boardman, J. (1994) Seathwaite valley: buried organic deposit. In Cumbria: field guide (eds J. Boardman and J. Walden), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Oxford, pp. 146–51.

Parker, W.R. (1975) Sediment mobility and erosion on a multibarred foreshore (Southwest Lancashire) . In Nearshore Sediment Dynamics and Sedimentation (eds J. Hails and A. Carr), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, London, pp. 151–79.

Parks, D.A. and Rendell, H.M. (1992) Thermoluminescence dating and geochemistry of loessic deposits in southeast England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 7, 99–107.

Parry J.T. (1960) The erosion surfaces of the south western Lake District. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 28, 39–54.

Parry M.L. (1976) The significance of the variability of summer warmth in upland Britain. Weather, 31, 212–17.

Parsons, A.R. (1966) Some aspects of the glacial geomorphology of north-eastern Northumberland. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Leicester.

Parsons, L.M. (1922) Dolomitization in the Carboniferous Limestone of the Midlands. Geological Magazine, 59, 41–53, 104–17.

Passmore, D.G., Macklin, M.G., Stevenson, A.C., O'Brien, C.F. and Davies, B.A.S. (1992). A Holocene alluvial sequence in the lower Tyne valley, northern Britain: a record of river response to environmental change. The Holocene, 2, 138–47.

Paterson, K. (1977) Scarp-face dry valleys near Wantage, Oxfordshire. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2, 192–204.

Paul, M.A. (1983) The supraglacial landsystem. In Glacial Geology (ed. N. Eyles), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 71–90.

Paul, M.A. and Little, J.A. (1991) Geotechnical properties of glacial deposits in lowland Britain. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 389–404.

Payton, R.W. and Usai, M.R. (1995) Assessment of the Soils and Sediments from an Exploratory Excavation at Low Hauxley, Northumberland. EAU 95/42.

Peake, D.S. (1961) Glacial changes in the Alyn river system and their significance in the glaciology of the north Welsh border. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 117, 335–66.

Peake, D.S. (1981) The Devensian glaciation on the north Welsh border. In The Quaternary in Britain (eds J. Neale and J. Flenley), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 49–59.

Peake, H.J.E. (1909) A few notes representing the entrenchments at Stockett. Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, Series 3, 9. In: 'Miscellanea', pp. ix–x.

Pearsall, W.H. (1950) Mountains and Moorlands, The New Naturalist, No. 11, Collins, London, 312 pp.

Pearsall, W.H. and Pennington, W (1973) The Lake District: a landscape History, The New Naturalist, No. 53, Collins, London, 320 pp.

Pearson, R.G. (1962) The Coleoptera from a late-glacial deposit at St. Bees, West Cumberland. Journal of Animal Ecology, 31, 129–60.

Peel, R.F. (1949) A study of two Northumbrian spillways. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 15, 75–89.

Peel, R.F. (1956) The profiles of glacial drainage channels. Geographical Journal, 122, 483–7.

Pennington, W (1943) Lake sediments: the bottom deposits of the north basin of Windermere, with special reference to the diatom succession. New Phytologist, 42, 1–27.

Pennington, W. (1947) Studies of the Post-glacial history of British vegetation. VII. Lake sediments: pollen diagrams from the bottom deposits of the north basin of Windermere. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B233, 137–75.

Pennington, W. (1964) Pollen analyses from the deposits of six upland tarns in the Lake District. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B248, 205–44.

Pennington, W. (1965) The interpretation of some Post-glacial vegetation diversities at different Lake District sites. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B161, 310–23.

Pennington, W (1969a) The History of the British Vegetation, Modern Biology, English Universities Press, London, 152 pp.

Pennington, W (1969b) The usefulness of pollen analysis in interpretation of stratigraphic horizons, both Late-glacial and Post-glacial. Mitteilungen Internationale Vereinigung für Limnologie, 17, 154–64.

Pennington, W. (1970) Vegetation history in the north-west of England: a regional synthesis. In Studies in the Vegetational History of the British Isles (eds D. Walker and R.G. West), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 41–79.

Pennington, W. (1973) Absolute pollen frequencies in the sediments of lakes of different morphometry. In Quaternary Plant Ecology: the 14th Symposium of the British Ecological Society, University of Cambridge, 28–30 March 1972 (eds H.J.B. Birks and R.G. West), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 79–104.

Pennington, W.F. (1974) The History of the British Vegetation, Modern Biology, 2nd edn, English Universities Press, London, 152 pp.

Pennington, W (1975a) A chronostratigraphic comparison of Late-Weichselian and Late-Devensian subdivisions, illustrated by two radiocarbon-dated profiles from western Britain. Boreas, 4, 157–71.

Pennington, W (1975b) An application of principal components analysis to the zonation of two Late-Devensian profiles: Section II. Interpretation of the numerical analyses in terms of Late-Devensian (Late-Weichselian) environmental history. New Phytologist, 75, 441–53.

Pennington, W (1975bc) The effect of Neolithic man on the environment in north-west England: the use of absolute pollen diagrams. In The Effect of Man on the Landscape: the Highland Zone (eds J.G. Evans, S. Limbrey and H. Cleere), Council for British Archaeology Research Report, 11, Council for British Archaeology, London, pp 74–86.

Pennington, W. (1977) The Late Devensian flora and vegetation of Britain. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B280, 247–71.

Pennington, W. (1978) Quaternary Geology. In The Geology of the Lake District (ed. F. Moseley), Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional Publication, No. 3, Yorkshire Geological Society, Leeds, pp. 207–25.

Pennington, W (1980) Modern pollen samples from West Greenland and the interpretation of pollen data from the British Late-Glacial (Late Devensian). New Phytologist, 84, 171–201.

Pennington, W (1981) The representation of Betula in the Late Devensian deposits of Windermere, England. Striae, 14, 83–7.

Pennington, W. (1986) Lags in adjustment of vegetation to climate caused by the pace of soil development: evidence from Britain. Vegetatio, 67, 105–18.

Pennington, W. (1996) Limnic sediments and the taphonomy of Lateglacial pollen assemblages. Quaternary Science Reviews, 15, 501–20.

Pennington, W and Bonny, A.P. (1970) Absolute pollen diagram from the British Late-Glacial. Nature, 226, 871–3.

Pennington, W and Lishman, J.P. (1971) Iodine in lake sediments in northern England and Scotland. Biology Reviews, 46, 279–313.

Pennington, W and Sackin, M.J. (1975) An application of principal components analysis to the zonation of two Late-Devensian profiles. New Phytologist, 75, 419–53.

Penny, L.F. (1959) The Last Glaciation in East Yorkshire. Transactions of the Leeds Geological Association, 7, 4–14.

Penny, L.F. (1963) Vertebrate remains from Kelsey Hill, Burstwick and Keyingham. Hull Museum Publication, 214, 5–14.

Penny, L.F. (1974) Quaternary. In The Geology and Mineral Resources of Yorkshire (eds D.H. Rayner and J.E. Hemingway), Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional Publication, No. 2, Yorkshire Geological Society, Leeds, pp. 245–64.

Penny, L.F. and Catt, J.A. (1967) Stone orientation and other structural features of tills in East Yorkshire. Geological Magazine, 104, 344–60.

Penny, L.F. and Catt, J.A. (1972) The Speeton Shell Bed. In East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire: field guide (eds L.F. Penny, A. Straw, J.A. Catt et al.), Quaternary Research Association Field Guides, Quaternary Research Association, Hull, pp. 18.

Penny, L.F. and Rawson, P.F. (1969) Field meeting in East Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 80, 193–18.

Penny, L.F., Coope, G.R. and Catt, J.A. (1969) Age and insect fauna of the Dimlington Silts, East Yorkshire. Nature, 224, 65–7.

Penny, L.F., Straw, A. and Catt, J.A. (1972) Kirmington. In East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire: field guide (eds L.F. Penny, A. Straw, J.A. Catt et al.), Quaternary Research Association Field Guides, Quaternary Research Association, Hull, pp. 30–4.

Pentecost, A. (1981) The tufa deposits of the Malham District, North Yorkshire. Field Studies, 5, 365–87.

Perrin, R.M.S., Rose, J. and Davies, H. (1979) The distribution, variation and origins of pre-Devensian tills in eastern England. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B287, 535–70.

Phemister, J. (1922) Notes on the Brandesburton kame, Yorkshire. Geological Magazine, 59, 323–26.

Phillips, J. (1827) On the direction of the diluvial currents in Yorkshire. Transactions of the Geological Society, 3, 13.

Phillips, J. (1829) Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire. Part 1: The Yorkshire Coast, Thomas Wilson and sons, York.

Phillips, J. (1836) Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire Part 2: The Mountain Limestone District, John Murray, London, 253 pp.

Phillips, J. (1855) The Rivers, Mountains and Sea-coast of Yorkshire, John Murray, London, 316 pp.

Phillips, J. (1875) Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire. Part I, The Yorkshire Coast, 3rd edn, John Murray, London.

Pickering, R. (1878) Submerged forest at St. Bees. Transactions of the Cumberland Association for the Advancement of Literature and Science, 3, 109–14.

Piggott, C.D. (1956) The vegetation of Upper Teesdale in the North Pennines. Journal of Ecology, 44, 545–86.

Piggott, C.D. (1962) Soil formation and development on the Carboniferous Limestone of the Midlands. I. Parent Materials. Journal of Ecology, 50, 145–56.

Piggott, C.D. (1965) The structure of limestone surfaces in Derbyshire. Geographical Journal, 131, 41–4.

Piggott, C.D. and Huntley, J.P. (1978) Factors controlling the distribution of Tilia cordata at the northern limits of its geographical range. I. Distribution in north-west England. New Phytologist, 81, 429–41.

Piggott, C.D. and Huntley, J.P. (1980) Factors controlling the distribution of Tilia cordata at the northern limits of its geographical range. II. History in north-west England. New Phytologist, 84, 145–64.

Piggott, C.D. and Huntley, J.P. (1981) Factors controlling the distribution of Tilia cordata at the northern limits of its geographical range. III. Nature and causes of seed sterility. New Phytologist, 87, 817–39.

Piggott, C.D. and Piggott, M.E. (1963) Late-glacial and post-glacial deposits at Malham, Yorkshire. New Phytologist, 62, 317–34.

Piggott, C.D. and Walters, S.M. (1954) On the interpretation of the discontinuous distribution shown by certain British species of open habitats. Journal of Ecology, 42, 95–116.

Piggott, M.E. and Piggott, C.D. (1959) Stratigraphy and pollen analysis of the Malham Tarn and Tarn Moss. Field Studies, 1, 84–101.

Pitcher, J.R. and Hall, V.A. (1996) Tephrochronological studies in northern England. The Holocene, 6, 100–5.

Pilkington, J. (1789) A View of the Present State of Derbyshire, J. Drewry, Derby, 2 vols, 469 and 464 pp.

Piotrowski, J.A. and Kraus, A.M. (1997) Response of sediment to ice sheet loading in northwestern Germany: effective stresses and glacier-bed stability. Journal of Glaciology, 43, 495–502.

Pirazzoli, P.A, Radtke, U., Hantora, W.S. et al. (1991) Quaternary raised coral-reef terraces on Sumba island, Indonesia. Science, 252, 1834–6.

Pitts, J. (1983) Faults and other shears in bedded Pleistocene deposits on the Wirral, United Kingdom. Boreas, 12, 137–44.

Pitts, M. (1979) Hides and antlers: a new look at the gatherer-hunter site at Star Carr, North Yorkshire, England. World Archaeology, 11, 32–42.

Plant, J. (1866) On the existence of a sea beach on the limestone moors near Buxton. Transactions of the Manchester Geological Society, 5, 272.

Plater, A.J. and Sherman, I. (1992) Evidence of Holocene sea-level change from the Northumberland coast, eastern England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 103, 201–16.

Plater, A.J., Huddart, D., Innes, J.B., Pye, K., Smith, A.J. and Tooley, M.J. (1993). Coastal and sea-level changes. In The Sand Dunes of the Sefton Coast: proceedings of the Sefton Coast Research Seminar, 31 May 1991, Liverpool (eds D. Atkinson and J. Houston), National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside with Sefton Metropolitan Council, Liverpool, pp. 23–34.

Plater, A.J., Horton, B.P., Haworth, E.Y. et al. (2000a) Holocene tidal levels and sedimentation rates using a diatom-based palaeoenvironmental reconstruction: the Tees estuary, northeastern England. The Holocene, 10, 441–52.

Plater, A.J., Ridgway, J., Rayner, B. et al. (2000b) Sediment provenance and flux in the Tees estuary: the record from the Late Devensian to the present. In Holocene Land–Ocean Interaction and Environmental Change around the North Sea (eds I. Shennan and J. Andrews), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 166, Geological Society of London, London, pp. 171–95.

Plater, A.J., Long, A.J., Huddart, D., Gonzalez, S. and Tooley, M.J. (2000c) The land of the Mersey basin: sea-level changes. In Ecology and Landscape Development: a History of the Mersey Basin: proceedings of a conference held at Merseyside Maritime museum Liverpool, 5–6 July 1996 (ed. E.F. Greenwood), Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, pp. 13–20.

Pocock, R.W., Whitehead, T.H., Wedd, C.D. and Robertson, T. (1938) Shrewsbury District including the Hanwood Coalfield, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series, HMSO, London, 297 pp.

Poole, E.G. and Whiteman, A.J. (1961) The glacial drifts of the southern part of the Shropshire-Cheshire basin. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 117, 91–130.

Poore, M.E.D. and Walker, D. (1959) Wybunbury Moss, Cheshire. Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophy Society, 101, 72–95.

Porter, S.C. (1989) Some geological implications of average Quaternary glacial conditions. Quaternary Research, 32, 245–61.

Potter, C. (1876) Observations on the geology and archaeology of the Cheshire Shore. Transactions of the Historical Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, 4, 121–42.

Potts, A.S. (1971) Fossil cryonival features in central Wales. Geografiska Annaler, 53A, 39–51.

Pounder, E. (1989) Classic Landforms of the Northern Dales, Classic Landform Guides, No. 10, The Geographical Association, Sheffield, 48 pp.

Powell, R. (1981) A model for sedimentation by tidewater glaciers. Annals of Glaciology, 2, 129–34.

Powell, R.D. and Molnia, B.F. (1989) Glacimarine sedimentary processes, facies and morphology of the south-southeast Alaska shelf and fjords. Marine Geology, 85, 359–90.

Powell R.D., Dawber, M., McInnes, J.N. and Pyne, A.R. (1996) Observations of the grounding-line area at a floating glacier terminus. Annals of Glaciology, 22, 217–23.

Preece, R.C. (2001) Molluscan evidence for differentiation of interglacials within the 'Cromerian Complex'. Quaternary Science Reviews, 20, 1643–56.

Preece, R.C. and Robinson, J.E. (1984) Late Devensian and Flandrian environmental history of the Ancholme Valley, Lincolnshire: molluscan and ostracod evidence. Journal of Biogeography, 11, 319–52.

Prell, W.L., Imbrie, J., Martinson, B.G., Morley, J.J., Pisias, N.G., Shackleton, N.J. and Steeter, H.F. (1986) Graphic correlation of oxygen isotope stratigraphy — application to the late Quaternary. Paleoceanography, 1, 137–62.

Prentice, J.E. (1951) The Carboniferous Limestone of the Manifold Valley region, North Staffordshire. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 106, 171–209.

Prentice, J.E. (1952) Notes on 'The Carboniferous Limestone of the Manifold Valley region, North Staffordshire'. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 107, 335.

Prestwich, J. (1861) On the occurrence of Cyrena fluminalis, together with marine shells of recent species, in beds of sand and gravel over beds of boulder clay near Hull. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 17, 446–56.

Price, T.D. (1982) Willow tales and dog smoke. Quarterly Review of Archaeology, 3, 4–7.

Proctor, H.G. (1965) Mankind. In The Natural History of Upper Teesdale (ed. D.H. Valentine), Northumberland and Durham Naturalists Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, pp. 5–11.

Proctor, H.G. (1976) Mankind. In The Natural History of Upper Teesdale (ed. M.E. Bradshaw), rev. edn, Durham Conservation Trust Ltd, Darlington, pp. 7–12.

Proctor, M.C.F. (1974) The vegetation of the Malham Tarn fens. Field Studies, 4, 1–38.

Proctor, M.C.F. (1995) Hydrochemistry of the raised bog and fens at Malham Tarn National Nature Reserve, Yorkshire, UK. In Hydrogeology and Hydrochemistry of British Wetlands, (eds J.M.R. Hughes and A.L. Heathwaite), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 273–89.

Pullan, R.A. (1959) Notes on periglacial phenomena: tors. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 75, 51–5.

Pyatt, F.B., Beaumont, E.H., Buckland, P.C., Lacy, D. and Storey, D.M. (1991a) An examination of the mobilisation of elements from the skin and bone of the bog body Lindow II and a comparison with Lindow III. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 13, 153–9.

Pyatt, F.B., Beaumont, E.H., Lacy, D., Magilton, J.R. and Buckland, P.C. (1991b) Non isatis sed vitrum, or the colour of Lindow Man. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 10, 61–73.

Pyatt, F.B., Beaumont, E.H., Buckland, P.C., Lacy D., Magilton, J.R. and Storey, D.M. (1995) Mobilisation of elements from the bog bodies Lindow II and III, and some observations on body painting. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 62–73.

Pye, K. (1990) Physical and human influences on coastal dune development between the Ribble and Mersey estuaries, North-West England. In Coastal Dunes: Form and Process (eds K.F. Nordstrom, N.P. Psuty and R.W.G. Carter) Coastal Morphology and Research, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 339–59.

Pye, K. and Neal, A. (1993a) Stratigraphy and age structure of the Sefton dune complex: preliminary results of field drilling investigations. In The Sand Dunes of the Sefton Coast: proceedings of the Sefton Coast Research Seminar, 31 May 1991, Liverpool (eds D. Atkinson and J. Houston), National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside with Sefton Metropolitan Council, Liverpool, pp. 41–4.

Pye, K. and Neal, A. (1993b) Late Holocene dune formation on the Sefton coast, northwest England. In The Dynamics and Environmental Context of Aeolian Sedimentary Systems (ed. K. Pye), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 72, Geological Society of London, London, pp. 201–17.

Pye, K. and Neal, A. (1994) Coastal dune erosion at Formby Point, north-west England: causes and mechanisms. Marine Geology, 19, 39–56.

Pye, K., Stokes, S. and Neal, A. (1995) Revised chronostratigraphy of aeolian sand deposits on the Sefton coast, northwest England, using 14C and optical dating methods. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 106, 281–92.

Raczkowska, Z. (1995) Nivation in the high Tatras, Poland. Geografiska Annaler, 77A, 251–58.

Radge, G.W. (1939) The glaciation of North Cleveland. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 24, 180–205.

Radley, J. (1962) Peat erosion on the high moors of Derbyshire and West Yorkshire. East Midland Geographer, 3, 40–50.

Radley, J., Tallis, J.H. and Switsur, V. R. (1974) The excavation of three 'narrow blade' Mesolithic sites in the southern Pennines, England. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 40, 1–20.

Raistrick, A. (1925) The glaciation of Borrowdale, Cumberland. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 20, 155–81.

Raistrick, A. (1926) The glaciation of Wensleydale, Swaledale and adjoining parts of the Pennines. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 20, 366–410.

Raistrick, A. (1927) Periodicity in the glacial retreat in west Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 21, 24–9.

Raistrick, A. (1931a) The glaciation of Wharfedale. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 22, 9–31.

Raistrick, A. (1931b) The glaciation of Northumberland and Durham. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 42, 281–91.

Raistrick, A. (1932) The correlation of glacial retreat stages across the Pennines. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 22, 199–214.

Raistrick, A. (1933) Glacial and Post-Glacial periods in West Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 44, 263–9.

Raistrick, A. (1936) Excavations at Sewell's Cave, Settle, West Yorkshire. Proceedings of the University of Durham Philosophical Society, 9, 191–202.

Raistrick, A. (1947) Malham and Malham Moor, Dalesman, Clapham, 122 pp

Raistrick, A. (1971) Ice Age in Yorkshire, Dalesman, Clapham.

Raistrick, A. and Blackburn, K.B. (1932) The Late-glacial and post-glacial periods in the North Pennines, Part III — The post-glacial peats. Transactions of the Northern Naturalists Union, 1, 79–103.

Raistrick, A. and Blackburn, K.B. (1938) Linton Mires, Wharfedale. Glacial and Post-glacial history. Proceedings of the University of Durham Philosophical Society, 10, 24.

Raistrick, A. and Illingworth, J.I. (1949) The Face of North-west Yorkshire, Dalesman, Clapham.

Raistrick, A. and Woodhead, T.W. (1930) Plant remains in post-glacial gravels near Leeds. The Naturalist, 39–44.

Ramsay, A.C. (1872) The Physical Geology and Geography of Great Britain, 3rd edn, Stanford, London, 349 pp.

Ramsay, A.C. (1846) On the Denudation of South Wales and the Adjacent Counties of England. Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and of the Museum of Practical Geology, 1, 297–335.

Ramsay, A.C. (1872) On the river courses of England and Wales Journal of the Geological Society of England and Wales, 28, 148–60.

Ramsbottom, W.H.C. (1973) Transgressions and regressions in the Dinantian: a new synthesis of British Dinantian stratigraphy. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 39, 567–607.

Ramsbottom, W.H.C. (1977) Major cycles of transgression and regression (mesothems) in the Namurian. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 41, 261–91.

Rapp, A. (1984) Nivation hollows and glacial cirques in Soderasen, Scania, South Sweden. Geografiska Annaler, 66A, 11–28.

Ratcliffe, D.A. (1960) The Mountain Flora of Lakeland. Proceedings of the Botanical Society of the British Isles, 4, 1–25.

Ratcliffe, D.A. (1978) The plant communities of Upper Teesdale, In Upper Teesdale: the Area and its Natural History (ed. A.R. Clapham), Collins, London, pp. 64–87.

Rea, B., Whalley, W.B., Evans, D.J.A., Gordon, J.E. and McDougall, D.A. (1998) Plateau icefields: geomorphology and dynamics. Quaternary Proceedings, 6, 35–54.

Reade, T.M. (1871) The geology and physics of the post-glacial period, as shown in the deposits and organic remains in Lancashire and Cheshire. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 2, 36–88.

Reade, T.M. (1878a) The trees of the post-glacial forest beds in the neighbourhood of Liverpool. Transactions of the Historical Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, 6, 27–8.

Reade, T.M. (1878b) Some further notes on the submarine forests of the Alt Mouth. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 3, 362–9.

Reade, T.M. (1883a) On a section of the Formby and Leasowe Marine beds and Superior peat beds, disclosed by the cuttings for the outlet sewer at Hightown. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 4, 269.

Reade, T.M. (1883b) The drift beds of North West England and North Wales. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 39, 82–132.

Reade, T.M. (1908) Post-glacial beds at great Crosby as disclosed by the new outfall sewer. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 10, 217–36.

Reed, C. (1901) The Geological History of the Rivers of East Yorkshire, C.J. Clay and Sons, London, 103 pp.

Rees, J.G., Ridgway, J., Ellis, S., Knox, O'B., Newsham, R.W. and Parkes, A. (2000) Holocene sediment storage in the Humber estuary. In Holocene Land–Ocean Interaction and Environmental Change around the North Sea (eds I. Shennan and J.E. Andrews), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 166, Geological Society of London, London, pp. 119–43.

Reid, C. (1885) The Geology of Holderness, and the Adjoining Parts of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, Memoir (District) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, HMSO, London, 177 pp.

Reid, C. (1913) Submerged Forests, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 129 pp.

Reid, E.M. (1919) Preliminary description of the plant remains. In On a deposit of interglacial loess and some transported preglacial freshwater clays on the Durham coast (C.T. Trechmann). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 75, 197–200.

Reid, E.M. (1920) On two preglacial floras from Castle Eden (County Durham). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 76, 104–44.

Reid, P.C. and Downie, C. (1973) The age of the Bridlington Crag. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 39, 315–18.

Rendell, H. (1992) A comparison of TL age estimates from different mineral fractions of sand. Quaternary Science Reviews, 11, 79–83.

Rendell, H., Worsley, P, Green, F. and Parks, D. (1991) Thermoluminescence dating of the Chelford Interstadial. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 103, 182–9.

Reynolds, C.S. (1971) The ecology of the planktonic blue-green algae in the north Shropshire meres. Field Studies, 3, 409–32.

Reynolds, C.S. (1973a) The phytoplankton of Crose Mere, Shropshire. British Phycological Journal, 8, 153–62.

Reynolds, C.S. (1973b) Phytoplankton periodicity of some north Shropshire meres. British Phycological Journal, 8, 301–20.

Reynolds, C.S. (1979) The limnology of the eutrophic meres of the Shropshire–Cheshire plain. Field Studies, 5, 93–173.

Reynolds, C.S. and Reynolds, J.B. (1985) The atypical seasonality of phytoplankton in Crose Mere, 1972 — an independent test of the hypothesis that variability in the physical-environment regulates community dynamics and structure. British Phycological Journal, 20, 227–42.

Richards, K.S. (1981) Evidence of Flandrian valley alluviation in Staindale, North York Moors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 6, 183–6.

Richards, K.S., Peters, N.R., Robertson-Rintoul, M.S.E. and Switsur, V.R. (1987) Recent valley sediments in the North York Moors: evidence and interpretation. In International Geomorphology: proceedings of the First International Conference on Geomorphology (ed. V Gardiner), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 869–83.

Richards, M. (1993) Hadrian's Wall, Vol. 1: The Wall Walk, Cicerone Guide, Cicerone, Milnthorpe, 206 pp.

Ridd, M.F., Walker, D.B. and Jones, J.M. (1970) A deep borehole at Harton on the margin of the Northumberland trough. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 338, 75–103.

Riley, D.N. (1966) An early Bronze Age cairn on Harland Edge, Beeley Moor, Derbyshire. Derbyshire Archaeological Journal, 86, 31–53.

Ringrose, P (1988) Palaeoseismic (?) liquefaction event in late Quaternary sediment at Glen Roy, Scotland. Terra Nova, 1, 57–62.

Roberts, B.K., Turner, J. and Ward, P.F. (1973) Recent forest history and land-use in Weardale, northern England. In Quaternary Plant Ecology: the 14th Symposium of the British Ecological Society, University of Cambridge, 28–30 March 1972 (eds H.J.B. Birks and R.G. West), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 207–21.

Roberts, G., Gonzalez, S. and Huddart, D. (1996) Intertidal Holocene footprints and their archaeological significance. Antiquity, 70, 647–51.

Robinson, D.A. and Williams, R.B.G. (1976) Aspects of the geomorphology of the sandstone cliffs of the central Weald. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 87, 93–9.

Robinson, J.E. (1972) Quaternary Ostracoda from East Yorkshire and north Lincolnshire. Quaternary Newsletter, 7, 1–2.

Robson, D.A. (1981) The Geology of Northeast England, Natural History Society of Northumbria Special Publication, The Natural History Society of Northumbria, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 113 pp.

Rodwell, J.S. (1991a) British Plant Communities, Vol. 1, Woodlands and Scrub, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Rodwell, J.S. (1991b) British Plant Communities, Vol. 2, Mires and Heaths, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Rodwell, J.S. (1992) British Plant Communities, Vol. 3, Grasslands and Montane Communities, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Rodwell, J.S. (1995) British Plant Communities, Vol. 4, Aquatic Communities, Swamps and Tall-herb Fens, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Roe, D.A. (1981) The Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Periods in Britain, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 324 pp.

Roe, H. M. (1995) The Cudmore Grove channel site [TM 067 144]. In The Quaternary of the Lower Reaches of the Thames: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, P Allen, B.A. Haggart), Quaternary Research Association Field Guides, Quaternary Research Association, Durham, pp. 258–69.

Rose, J. (1974) Small scale variability of some sedimentary properties of lodgement and slumped till. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 85, 223–37.

Rose, J.' (1975) Raised beach gravels and ice wedge casts at Old Kilpatrick, near Glasgow. Scottish Journal of Geology, 11, 15–21.

Rose, J. (1980) Landform development around Kisdon, upper Swaledale, Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 43, 201–19.

Rose, J. (1985) The Dimlington Stadial/Dimlington Chronozone: a proposal for naming the main glacial episode of the Late Devensian in Britain. Boreas, 14, 225–30.

Rose, J. (1987) Status of the Wolstonian glaciation in the British Quaternary. Quaternary Newletter, 53, 1–9.

Rose, J. (1989a) Stadial type sections in the British Quaternary. In Quaternary Type Sections: Imagination or Reality (eds J. Rose and C. Schluchter), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 45–67.

Rose, J. (1989b) Tracing the Baginton–Lillington Sands and Gravels from the West Midlands to East Anglia. In West Midlands: field guide (ed. D.H. Keen), Quaternary Research Association Field Guides, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 102–10.

Rose, J. (1991) Stratigraphical basis of the Wolstonian glaciation and the retention of the term Wolstonian as a chronostratigraphic stage name — a discussion. In Central East Anglia and the Fen Basin: field guide (eds S.G. Lewis, C.A. Whiteman and D.R. Bridgland), Quaternary Research Association Field Guides, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 15–20.

Rose, J. and Allen, P. (1977) Middle Pleistocene stratigraphy in south-east Suffolk. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 133, 85–102.

Rose, J. and Boardman, J. (1983) River activity in relation to short-term climatic deterioration. Quaternary Studies in Poland, 4, 189–98.

Rose, J. and Letzer, J.M. (1977) Superimposed drumlins. Journal of Glaciology, 18, 471–80.

Rose, J., Sturdy, R.G., Allen, P et al. (1978) Middle Pleistocene sediments and palaeosols near Chelmsford, Essex. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 89, 91–6.

Rose, J. and Mitchell, W.A. (1989) Quaternary geology of upper Swaledale and the adjoining regions: field meeting report. Mercian Geologist, 11, 275–83.

Rose, J., Boardman, J., Kemp, R.A. and Whiteman, C.A. (1985a) Palaesols and the interpretation of the British Quaternary stratigraphy. In Geomorphology and Soils (eds K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett and S. Ellis), Allen and Unwin, London, pp. 348–75.

Rose, J., Allen, P, Kemp, R.A., Whiteman, C.A. and Owen, N. (1985b) The early Anglian Barham Soil of eastern England. In Soils and Quaternary Landscape Evolution (ed. J. Boardman), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 197–229.

Rose, W.C.C. and Dunham, K.C. (1977) Geology and Hematite deposits of South Cumbria, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series (58 and southern part of sheet 48), HMSO, London, 170 pp.

Ross, A. (1967) Pagan Celtic Britain: studies in iconography and tradition, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 433 pp.

Ross, A. (1986) Lindow Man and the Celtic tradition. In Lindow Man. The Body in the Bog (eds I.M. Stead, J.B. Bourke and D. Brothwell), British Museum Publications, London, pp. 162–9.

Ross, A. and Robins, D. (1989) The Life and Death of a Druid Prince: the Story of an Archaeological Sensation, Guild Publishing, London, 176 pp.

Round, F.E. (1961) The diatoms of a core from Esthwaite Water. New Phytologist, 60, 43–59.

Rowe, P.J. and Atkinson, T.C. (1985) Uranium-thorium dating results from Robin Hood's Cave. In Peak District and Northern Dukeries: field guide (eds D.J. Briggs, D.D. Gilbertson and R.D.S. Jenkinson) , Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 200–7.

Rowell, A.J. and Turner, J.S. (1952) Corrie-glaciation in the upper Eden valley, Westmorland. Liverpool and Manchester Geological Journal, 1, 200–7.

Rowell, T.K. and Turner, J. (1985) Litho-, humic-and pollen stratigraphy at Quick Moss, Northumberland. Journal of Ecology, 73, 11–25.

Rowlands, R.H. and Shotton, F.W (1971) Pleistocene deposits of Church Stretton (Shropshire) and its neighbourhood. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 127, 599–622.

Rowley-Conwy, P. (1995) Mesolithic settlement patterns: new zooarchaeological evidence from the Vale of Pickering, Yorkshire. In University of Durham and University of Newcastle upon Tyne Archaeological Reports, 1994, pp. 1–6.

Ruddiman, W.F. and Raymo, M.E. (1988) Northern hemisphere climate regimes during the past three Ma: possible tectonic connections. In The Past Three Million Years; Evolution of Climatic Variability in the North Atlantic Region proceedings of a Royal Society discussion meeting held on 25 and 26 February 1987 (eds N.J. Shackleton, R.G. West and D.Q. Bowen.), The Royal Society of London, London, pp. 1–20.

Ruddiman, W.E, Sanceta, C.D. and McIntyre, A. (1977) Glacial/interglacial response rate of subpolar North Atlantic waters to climatic change: the record in oceanic sediments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B280, 119–42.

Ruddiman, W.F., Shackleton, N.J. and McIntyre, A. (1986) North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures for the last 1.1 Million years. In North Atlantic Palaeoceanography (eds C.P. Summerhayes and N.J. Shackleton), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 21, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 155–73.

Ruhe, R.V. (1956) Geomorphic surfaces and the nature of soils. Soil Science, 82, 441–55.

Russell, A.J. (1995) Late Devensian meltwater movement and storage within the Ochil Hills. Scottish Journal of Geology, 31, 65–78.

Rust, B.R. (1972) Structure and process in a braided river. Sedimentology, 18, 221–45.

Rust, B.R. (1975) Fabric and structure in glaciofluvial gravels. In Glaciofluvial and Glaciolacustrine Sedimentation (eds A.V. Jopling and B.C. McDonald), Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication, No. 23, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, pp. 238–48.

Said, M. (1969) The Pleistocene geomorphology of the Burbage basin. Unpublished PhD thesis, Sheffield University.

Sambrook Smith, G.H. and Glasser, N.F. (1998) Late Devensian ice sheet characteristics: a palaeohydraulic approach. Geological Journal, 33, 149–58.

Saunders, G.E. (1968) A fabric analysis of the ground moraine deposits of the Lleyn Peninsula of southwest Caernarvonshire. Geological Journal, 6, 105–18.

Savigear, R.A.G. (1952) Some observations on slope development in South Wales. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 18, 31–51.

Scaife, R.G. (1986) Pollen in human palaeofaeces; and a preliminary investigation of the stomach and gut contents of Lindow Man. In Lindow Man. The Body in the Bog (eds I.M. Stead, J.B. Bourke and D. Brothwell), British Museum Publications, London, pp. 126–35.

Scaife, R.G. (1995) Pollen analysis of the Lindow III food residue. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 83–7.

Schadla-Hall, R.T. (1987a) Early man in the eastern Vale of Pickering. In East Yorkshire: field guide (ed. S. Ellis), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 22–30.

Schadla-Hall, R.T. (1987b) Recent investigations of the early Mesolithic landscape and settlement in the Vale of Pickering, North Yorkshire. In Mesolithic Northwest Europe: Recent Trends (eds P Rowley-Conwy, M. Zvelebil and H.P. Blankholm), Recent Trends Series, Vol. 2, Department of Archaeology and Prehistory, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, pp. 46–54.

Schadla-Hall, R.T. (1988) The early post glacial in eastern Yorkshire. In Archaeology in Eastern Yorkshire: Essays in honour of T.C.M. Brewster (ed. T.G. Manby), Department of Archaeology and Prehistory, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, pp. 25–34.

Schadla-Hall, R.T. (1989) The Vale of Pickering in the Early Mesolithic in context. In The Mesolithic in Europe: papers presented at the Third International Symposium, Edinburgh, 1985 (ed. C. Bonsall), John Donald, Edinburgh, pp. 218–224.

Schadla-Hall, R.T. and Cloutman, E.W. (1985) 'One cannot dig at random in a peat bog'. The eastern Vale of Pickering and the archaeology of a buried landscape. In Archaeology of the Ploughsoil: studies in the collection and interpretation of field survey data (eds C.C. Haselgrove, M. Millett and I.M. Smith), Department of Archaeology and Prehistory University of Sheffield, Sheffield, pp. 77–86.

Schadla-Hall, R.T. and Lane, P (in press) The early Mesolithic in the Vale of Pickering, McDonald Institute Monographs, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge.

Schreve, D.C. (1997) Mammalian biostratigraphy in the later Middle Pleistocene in Britain. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London.

Schreve, D.C. (1999) Bielsbeck Farm, North Cliffe. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 176–9.

Schreve, D.C. (2001) Differentiation of the British late Middle Pleistocene interglacials: the evidence from mammalian biostratigraphy. Quaternary Science Reviews, 20, 1693–1705.

Schreve, D.C. and Bridgland, D. (in press) Mammalian remains from North Cliffe, Mott's Field (South Cliffe) and Bielsbeck Farm, east Yorkshire. In Change and Continuity within the Prehistoric Landscape of the Foulness Valley, East Yorkshire (eds P. Halkon et al.), East Riding Archaeologist.

Scott, J., Smith, J.H. and Winterbottom, D. (1973) Glossop: Dale, Manor and Borough, Glossop and District Historical Society, Glossop, Derbyshire, 108 pp.

Scourse, J.D. (1987) Periglacial sediments and landforms in the Isles of Scilly and West Cornwall. In Periglacial Processes and Landforms in Britain and Ireland (ed. J. Boardman), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 225–36.

Seddon, M.B. and Holyoak, D.T. (1985) Evidence of sustained regional permafrost during deposition of fossiliferous Late Pleistocene sediments at Stanton Harcourt (Oxfordshire, England). Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 96, 53–71.

Selby, M.J. (1972) Antarctic tors. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 13, 73–86.

Sernander, R. (1908) On the evidence of post-glacial changes of climate furnished by the peat mosses of northern Europe. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 30, 467–78.

Sewell, J.T. (1904) Notes on the 'overflow channel' in Newton Dale between Lake Wheeldale and Lake Pickering. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 15, 443–6.

Shackleton, N.J. and Opdyke, N.D. (1973) Oxygen isotope and palaeomagnetic stratigraphy of equatorial Pacific core V28–238L. Oxygen isotope temperatures and ice volumes on 105 and 106 year scale. Quaternary Research, 3, 39–55.

Shackleton, N.J. and Opdyke, N.D. (1976) Oxygen isotope and palaeomagnetic stratigraphy of Pacific core V28–239, Late Miocene to Late Holocene. In Investigation of late Quaternary Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology (eds. R.M. Cline and J.D. Hays), Geological Society of America Memoir, No. 145, Geological Society of America, Boulder, pp. 449–64.

Shackleton, N.J., Backman, J., Zimmerman, H. et al. (1984) Oxygen isotope calibration of the onset of icerafting and history of glaciation in the North Atlantic region. Nature, 307, 620–3.

Shackleton, N.J., Imbrie, J. and Pisias, N.G. (1988) The evolution of oceanic oxygen-isotope variability in the North Atlantic over the past three million years. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B318, 679–88.

Shackleton, N.J., Berger, A. and Peltier, W.R. (1990) An alternative astronomical calibration of the Lower Pleistocene timescale based on ODP Site 677. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 81, 251–61.

Shakesby, R.A. (1977) The Lennoxtown erratic train, central Scotland. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.

Sharp, C. (1816) A History of Hartlepool, G. Andrews, Durham.

Sharpe, D.R. (1988) Late glacial landforms of Wollaston Peninsula, Victoria Island, NWT: product of ice-marginal retreat, surge, and mass stagnation. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 25, 262–79.

Shaw, J. (1972a) Sedimentation in the ice-contact environment, with examples from Shropshire (England). Sedimentology, 18, 23–62.

Shaw, J. (1972b) The Irish Sea Glaciation of north Shropshire — some environmental reconstructions. Field Studies, 4, 603–31.

Shaw, J. (1982) Melt-out till in the Edmonton area, Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 19, 1548–69.

Shaw, J. (1983) Drumlin formation related to inverted meltwater erosional marks. Journal of Glaciology, 29, 461–79.

Shaw, J. (1987) Glacial sedimentary processes and environmental reconstruction based on lithofacies. Sedimentology, 34, 103–16.

Shaw, J. (1989) Drumlins, subglacial meltwater floods and ocean responses. Geology, 17, 853–6.

Shaw, J. and Kvill, D. (1984) A glaciofluvial origin for drumlins of Livingstone lake area, Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 21, 1442–59.

Shaw, J. and Sharpe, D.R. (1987) Drumlin formation by subglacial meltwater erosion. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 24, 2316–22.

Shaw, J., Kvill, D. and Rains, B. (1989) Drumlins and catastrophic subglacial floods. Sedimentary Geology, 62, 177–202.

Sheldrick, C., Lowe, J.J. and Reynier, M.J. (1997) Palaeolithic barbed point from Gransmoor, East Yorkshire, England. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 63, 359–70.

Shennan, I. (1982) Interpretation of Flandrian sea-level data from the Fenland Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 93, 53–63.

Shennan, I. (1986a) Flandrian sea-level changes in the Fenland. I: the geographical setting and evidence of relative sea-level changes. Journal of Quaternary Science, 1, 119–54.

Sherman, I. (1986b) Flandrian sea-level changes in the Fenland II: tendencies of sea-level movement, altitudinal changes and local and regional factors. Journal of Quaternary Science, 1, 155–79.

Sherman, I. (1989) Holocene crustal movements and sea-level changes in Great Britain. Journal of Quaternary Science, 4, 77–89. Shennan, I. (1992) Late Quaternary sea-level changes and crustal movements in Eastern England and Eastern Scotland: an assessment of models of coastal evolution. Quaternary International 15/16, 161–73.

Shennan, I., Tooley, Mj., Davis, M.J. and Haggart, B.A. (1983) The analysis and interpretation of Holocene sea-level data. Nature, 302, 404–6.

Shennan, I., Horton, B.P., limes, J.B. et al. (2000a) Late Quaternary sea-level changes, crustal movements and coastal evolution in Northumberland. Journal of Quaternary Science, 15, 215–37.

Shennan, I., Lambeck, K., Horton, B.P. et al. (2000b) Holocene isostasy and relative sea-level changes on the east coast of England. In Holocene Land–Ocean Interaction and Environmental Change around the North Sea (eds I. Shennan and J. Andrews), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 166, Geological Society of London, London, pp. 275–98.

Sheppard, J.A. (1956) The Draining of the Marshlands of East Yorkshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Hull.

Sheppard, J.A. (1957) The Medieval meres of Holderness. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 23, 75–86.

Sheppard, T. (1895) On another section in the so-called interglacial gravels of Holderness. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 13, 1–14.

Sheppard, T. (1912) The Lost Towns of the Yorkshire Coast, A. Brown and Sons, London, 328 pp.

Sheppard, T. and Stather, J.W. (1907) Note on a new section in the glacial drifts of Holderness. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 16, 171–6.

Shimwell, D.W. (1968) The phytosociology of calcareous grasslands in the British Isles. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Durham.

Shimwell, D.W. (1974) Sheep grazing intensity in Edale, 1692–1747 and its effect on the blanket peat erosion. Derbyshire Archaeological Journal, 94, 35–40.

Shimwell, D.W. (1981) Footpath erosion. In Peak District Moorland Erosion Study: Phase I Report (eds J. Phillips, D. Yalden and J. Tanis), Peak Park Joint Planning Board, Bakewell, pp. 160–70.

Shimwell, D.W. (1985) The distribution and origins of the lowland mosslands. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnson), Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 299–312.

Shirley, J. (1958) The Carboniferous Limestone of the Monyash–Wirksworth area, Derbyshire. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 114, 411–30.

Shoemaker, E.M. (1991) On the formation of large subglacial lakes. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 28, 1975–81.

Shoemaker, E.M. (1992a) Subglacial floods and the origin of low-relief ice-sheet lobes. Journal of Glaciology, 38, 105–12.

Shoemaker, E.M. (1992b) Water sheet outburst floods from the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 29, 1250–64.

Shoemaker, E.M. (1995) On the meltwater genesis of drumlins. Boreas, 24, 3–10.

Shoemaker, E.M. (1999) Subglacial water-sheet floods, drumlins and ice-sheet lobes. Journal of Glaciology, 45, 201–13.

Shone, W. (1878) On the glacial deposits of west Cheshire, together with lists of the fauna found in the drift of Cheshire and adjoining counties. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 34, 383–97.

Shotton, F.W. (1977) The Devensian Stage: its development, limits and substages. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B280, 107–18.

Shotton, F.W. (1981) Major contributions of North-East England to the advancement of Quaternary Studies. In The Quaternary in Britain (eds J.Neale and J.Flenley), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 137–45.

Shotton, F.W (1986) Glaciations in the United Kingdom. Quaternary Science Reviews, 5, 293–7.

Shotton, F.W. and West, R.G. (1969) Stratigraphical table of the British Quaternary. Proceedings of the Geological Society of London, 1656, 155–7.

Shotton, F.W. and Williams, R.E.G. (1971) Birmingham University radiocarbon dates V Radiocarbon, 15, 2.

Shotton, F. W Blundell, D. J., and Williams, R. E. G. (1970) Birmingham University radiocarbon dates IV Radiocarbon, 12, 385.

Shotton, F.W., Goudie, A.S., Briggs, D.J. and Osmaston, H.A. (1980) Cromerian interglacial deposits at Sugworth, near Oxford, England, and their relation to the Plateau Drift of the Cotswolds and the terrace sequence of the Upper and Middle Thames. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B289, 55–86.

Sikes, S.K. (1971) The Natural History of the African Elephant, The World Naturalist, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 397 pp.

Simmons, I.G. (1969a) The infill of glacial meltwater channels on the North York Moors. Naturalist, 910, 93–6.

Simmons, I.G. (1969b) Pollen diagrams from the North York Moors. New Phytologist, 68, 807–27.

Simmons, I.G. and Cundill, P.R. (1974a) Late Quaternary vegetational history of the North York Moors. I. Pollen analyses of blanket pears. Journal of Biogeography, 1, 159–69.

Simmons, I.G. and Cundill, P.R. (1974b) Late Quaternary vegetational history of the North York Moors. II. Pollen analyses of landslip bogs. Journal of Biogeography, 1, 253–61.

Simmons, I.G. and Innes, J.B. (1981) Tree remains in a North York Moors peat profile. Nature, 294, 76–8.

Simmons, I.G. and Innes, J.B. (1987) Mid-Holocene adaptations and later Mesolithic forest disturbance in northern England. Journal of Archaeological Science, 14, 385–403.

Simmons, I.G. and Innes, J.B. (1988a) Late Quaternary vegetational history of the North York Moors. VIII. Correlation of Flandrian II litho- and pollen stratigraphy at North Gill, Glaisdale Moor. Journal of Biogeography, 15, 249–72.

Simmons, I.G. and Innes, J.B. (1988b) Late Quaternary vegetational history of the North York Moors. X. Investigations on East Bilsdale Moor. Journal of Biogeography, 15, 299–324.

Simmons, I.G. and Innes, J.B. (1996a) Prehistoric charcoal in peat profiles at North Gill. Journal of Archaeological Science, 23, 193–7.

Simmons, I.G. and Innes, J.B. (1996b) Disturbance phases in the Mid-Holocene vegetation at North Gill, North York Moors: form and process. Journal of Archaeological Science, 23, 183–91.

Simmons, I.G., Atherden, M.A., Cundill, P.R. and Jones, R.L. (1975). Inorganic layers in solige-nous mires of the North Yorkshire Moors. Journal of Biogeography, 2, 49–56.

Simmons, I.G., Atherden, M.A., Cloutman, E.W., Cundill, P.R., Innes, J.B. and Jones, R.L. (1993) Prehistoric environments. In Prehistoric and Roman Archaeology of North-East Yorkshire (ed. D.A. Spratt), Council for British Archaeology Research Report, 87; British Archaeological Reports British Series, 104, Council for British Archaeology, London, pp. 15–50.

Simpson, I.M. (1959) The Pleistocene succession in the Stockport and South Manchester area. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 115, 107–15.

Simpson, I.M. and West, R.G. (1958) On the stratigraphy of a Late Pleistocene organic deposit at Chelford, Cheshire. New Phytologist, 57, 239–50.

Sinka K.J. and Atkinson T.C. (1999) A mutual climatic range method for reconstructing palaeoclimate from plant remains. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 156, 381–96.

Sinker, C.A. (1960) The vegetation of the Malham Tarn area. Proceedings of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society (Science), 8, 139–75.

Sinker, C.A. (1962) The north Shropshire meres and mosses: a background for ecologists. Field Studies, 1, 101–138.

Sissons, J.B. (1958a) Supposed ice-dammed lakes in Britain with particular reference to the Eddleston valley, southern Scotland. Geografiska Annaler, 40, 159–87.

Sissons, J.B. (1958b) Sub-glacial stream erosion in Southern Northumberland. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 74, 163–74.

Sissons, J.B. (1960a) Erosion surfaces, cyclic slopes and drainage systems in Southern Scotland and Northern England. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 28, 23–38.

Sissons, J.B. (1960b) Some aspects of glacial drainage channels in Britain, Part I. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 76, 131–46.

Sissons, J.B. (1961) Some aspects of glacial drainage channels in Britain, Part II. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 77, 15–36.

Sissons, J.B. (1964) The glacial period. In The British Isles: a Systematic Geography (eds J.W. Watson and J.B. Sissons), Nelson, Edinburgh, pp. 131–49.

Sissons, J.B. (1974) The Quaternary in Scotland: a review. Scottish Journal of Geology, 10, 311–37.

Sissons, J.B. (1977) Former ice-dammed lakes in Glen Moriston, Inverness-shire and their significance in upland Britain. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2, 224–42.

Sissons, J.B. (1978) The parallel roads of Glen Roy and adjacent glens, Scotland. Boreas, 7, 229–44.

Sissons, J.B. (1979a) Catastrophic lake drainage in Glen Spean and the Great Glen, Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 136, 215–24.

Sissons, J.B. (1979b) Palaeoclimatic inferences from former glaciers in Scotland and the Lake District. Nature, 278, 518–21.

Sissons, J.B. (1980) The Loch Lomond Advance in the Lake District, northern England. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 71, 13–27.

Sissons, J.B. (1981) The last Scottish ice-sheet: facts and speculative discussion. Boreas, 10, 1–17.

Sissons, J.B. (1982) A former ice-dammed lake and associated glacier limits in the Achnasheen area, central Ross-shire. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 7, 98–116.

Sissons, J.B. (1983) Shorelines and isostasy in Scotland. In:Shorelines and Isostasy (eds D.E. Smith and A.G. Dawson), Institute of British Geographers, Special Publication, No. 16, Academic Press, pp. 209–25.

Skertchly, S.B.J. (1877) The Geology of the Fenland, Memoir (District) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, England and Wales, HMSO, London, 335 pp.

Skipsey, E. (1994) The last 200 million years in Cumbria. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 5, [1992–3], 449–55.

Slater, G. (1929) The Dawpool section of the Dee estuary, Cheshire. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 15, 134–43.

Skog, G. and Regnell, J. (1995) Precision calendar-year dating of the elm decline in a Sphagnum-peat bog in southern Sweden. Radiocarbon, 37, 197–202.

Smailes, A.E. (1960) Northern England, Regions of the British Isles, Nelson, London, 324 pp.

Small, R.J. (1962) A short note on the origin of Devil's Dyke near Brighton. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 73, 187–92.

Small, R.J. (1965) The role of spring sapping in the formation of Chalk escarpment valleys. Southampton Research Series in Geography, 1, 3–29.

Smith, A.G. (1958a) Two lacustrine deposits in the south of the English Lake District. New Phytologist, 57, 363–86.

Smith, A.G. (1958b) Post-glacial deposits in south Yorkshire and north Lincolnshire. New Phytologist, 57, 19–49.

Smith, A.G. (1958c) The mires of south-western Westmorland: stratigraphy and pollen analysis. New Phytologist, 58, 105–27.

Smith, A.G. (1970) The influence of mesolithic and neolithic man on British vegetation: a discussion. In Studies in the Vegetational History of the British Isles (eds D. Walker and R.G. West), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 81–96.

Smith, A.G. and Pilcher, J.R. (1973) Radiocarbon dates and vegetational history of the British Isles. New Phytologist, 72, 903–14.

Smith, A.J. (1959) Structures in the stratified late-glacial clays of Windermere, England. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 29, 447–53.

Smith, A.J. (1982) A Guide to the Sefton Coast Data Base. Unpublished Report, Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council.

Smith, B. (1912) The glaciation of the Black Combe district. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 68, 402–48.

Smith,' B. (1932) The glacial lakes of Eskdale, Miterdale and Wasdale, Cumberland and the retreat of the ice during the main glaciation. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 88, 57–83.

Smith, B. (1985) A palaeoecological study of raised mires in the Humberhead Levels. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Wales. Smith, D.B. (1965) In Summary of Progress of the Geological Survey for 1964, Geological Survey of Great Britain, HMSO, London, p. 58.

Smith, D.B. (1966) In Summary of Progress of the Geological Survey for 1965, Geological Survey of Great Britain, HMSO, London, p. 62.

Smith, D.B. (1981) The Quaternary geology of the Sunderland district, north east England. In The Quaternary in Britain (eds J. Neale and J. Flenley), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 146–67.

Smith, D.B. (1994) Geology of the Country around Sunderland, Memoir (Sheet) of the British Geological Survey (England and Wales) (No. 21), HMSO for the British Geological Survey, London, 161 pp.

Smith, D.B. (1995) Permian and Triassic. In Robson's Geology of North-East England, 2nd edn (ed. G.A.L. Johnson). Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumbria, 56, 283–95.

Smith, D.B. and Francis, E.A. (1967) Geology of the Country between Durham and West Hartlepool, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) New Series (27), HMSO, London, 354 pp.

Smith, D.B., Beaumont, P., Gaunt, G.D., Francis, E.A. and Penny, L.F. (1973) North-east England. In A Correlation of Quaternary Deposits in the British Isles (eds G.F. Mitchell, L.F. Penny, F.W. Shotton and R.G. West), Geological Society of London Special Report, No. 4, Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh, pp. 22–8.

Smith, E.G., Rhys, G.H. and Eden, R.A. (1967) Geology of the Country around Chesterfield, Matlock and Mansfield, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series (112) HMSO, London, 430 pp.

Smith, E.G., Rhys, G.H. and Goosens, R.F. (1973) Geology of the Country around East Retford, Worksop and Gainsborough, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series (101), HMSO, London, 348 pp.

Smith, M.D. (1988) About Horwich, Chorley.

Smith, R.A. (1911) Lake-dwellings in Holderness. Archaeologia, 62, 593–610.

Smith, R.A. (1967) The deglaciation of southwest Cumberland: a reappraisal of some features in the Eskdale and Bootle areas. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 2, 76–83.

Smith, R.F. and Boardman, J. (1989) The use of soil information in the assessment of the incidence and magnitude of historical flood events in upland Britain. In Floods: Hydrological, Sedimentological and Geomorphological Implications (eds K. Beven and P. Carling), British Geomorphological Research Group, Symposia Series, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 185–97.

Smith, R.F. and Boardman, J. (1994) Soils in Mosedale. In Cumbria: field guide (eds J. Boardman and J. Walden), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Oxford, pp. 173–7.

Smith, R.T (1986) Aspects of the soil and vegetation history of the Craven District of North Yorkshire. In Archaeology in the Pennines: Studies in Honour of Arthur Raistrick (eds T.G. Manby and P Turnbull), British Archaeological Reports British Series, 158, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, pp. 3–28.

Smith, W. (1821) New Geological Atlas of England and Wales: Part IV, Geological Map of Yorkshire, Cary, London.

Smithson, P.A. (1985) The present climate of the Northern Pennines. In Field Guide to the Periglacial Landforms of Northern England (ed. J. Boardman), Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 1–3.

Smythe, J.A. (1912) The glacial geology of Northumberland. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, 4, 86–116.

Sparks, B.W. (1962) Post-glacial mollusca from Hawes Water, illustrating some difficulties of interpretation. Journal of Conchology, 25, 78–82.

Sparks, B.W., Williams, R.B.G. and Bell, F.G. (1972) Presumed ground-ice depressions in East Anglia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, A327, 329–43.

Spencer, H.E.P. and Melville, R.V. (1974) The Pleistocene mammalian fauna of Dove Holes, Derbyshire. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, 48, 43–53.

Spratt, D.A. (1993) Prehistoric and Roman archaeology of Northeast Yorkshire, Council for British Archaeology Research Report, 87; British Archaeological Reports British Series, 104, Council for British Archaeology, London, 188 pp.

Spratt, D.A. and Simmons, I.G. (1976) Prehistoric activity and environment on the North York Moors. Journal of Archaeological Science, 3, 193–210.

Squires, R. (1978) Conservation in upper Teesdale: contributions from the palaeoecological record. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 3, 129–50.

Squires, R.H. (1970) A contribution to the vegetational history of Upper Teesdale. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Durham.

Squires, R.H. (1971) Flandrian history of the Teesdale rarities. Nature, 229, 43–4.

Stallibrass, S. (1995) Low Hauxley, Northumberland: an Assessment of the Animal Bones, Durham Environmental Archaeology Report, 5/95.

Statham, D.C. (1989) Modern times. In The North York Moors: Landscape Heritage (eds D.A. Spratt and B.J.D. Harrison), David and Charles Publishers, London, pp. 199–222.

Statham, I. (1976) A scree slope rockfall model. Earth Surface Processes, 1, 43–62.

Stather, J.W. (1905) Investigation of the fossiliferous drift deposits at Kirmington, Lincolnshire, and at various localities in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1904, 272–4.

Stather, J.W. (1907) Investigation of the fossiliferous drift deposits at Kirmington, Lincolnshire, and at various localities in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1906, 313–14.

Stather, J.W. (1910) The Bielsbeck fossiliferous beds. Transactions of the Hull Geological Society, 6, 103–9.

Stather, J.W. (1922) On a peculiar displacement in the Millepore Oolite near South Cave. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 19, 395–400.

Stead, I.M. (1986) Excavation and examination. In Lindow Man. The Body in the Bog (eds I.M. Stead, J.B. Bourke and D. Brothwell), British Museum Publications, London, pp. 14–16.

Stead, I.M. and Turner, R.C. (1985) Lindow man. Antiquity, 59, 25–9.

Stead, I.M., Bourke, J.B. and Brothwell, D. (eds) (1986) Lindow Man. The Body in the Bog, British Museum Publications, London.

Stephens, N. (1990) Natural Landscapes of Britain from the Air, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 288 pp.

Stevens, G. (1964) Intermittent springs. Transactions of the Cave Research Group, 7, 3–9.

Stevens, J.H. and Atkinson, K. (1970) Soils and their capability. In Durham County and City with Teesside (ed. J.C. Dewdney), British Association, Durham, pp. 46–57.

Stevenson, I.P. and Gaunt, G.D. (1971) Geology of the Country around Chapel-en-le-Frith, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series (99), HMSO, London, 444 pp.

Stoneman, R.E. (1993) Holocene palaeoclimates from peat stratigraphy: extending and refining the model. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Southampton.

Stoney, R.E. (1988) Environmental change and coastal change in South-West Lancashire. Unpublished BSc dissertation, University of Durham.

Storetvedt, K.M., Abranches, M.C., Petersen, N., Hummervoll, R. Deutsch, E.R. and Murphy, G.S. (1992) Structure of remnant magnetization and magnetic mineralogy of the Cheviot lavas (Lower Devonian), northeast England. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 72, 21–37.

Strahan, A. (1886) On the glaciation of south Lancashire, Cheshire and the Welsh border. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 42, 369–80.

Strahan, A. and De Rance, C.E. (1890) Geology of Flint, Mold and Ruthin (Quarter-sheet 79SE), Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) Old Series, HMSO, London, 242 pp.

Stratton, L.W. (1956) The Mollusca of the Malham area. Journal of Conchology, 24, 111–38.

Straw, A. (1968a) Late Pleistocene glacial erosion along the Niagra Escarpment of southern Ontario. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 79, 889–910.

Straw, A. (1968b) A Pleistocene diversion of drainage in North Derbyshire. East Midland Geographer, 4, 275–80.

Straw, A. (1969) Pleistocene events in Lincolnshire: a survey and revised nomenclature. Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union, 17, 21–4.

Straw, A. (1979a) The geomorphological significance of the Wolstonian glaciation of eastern England. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 4, 540–9.

Straw, A. (1979b) Eastern England. In Eastern and Central England (eds A. Straw and K.M. Clayton), Geomorphology of the British Isles, Methuen, London, pp. 1–139.

Straw, A. (1979c) An Early Devensian glaciation in eastern England Quaternary Newsletter, 28, 18–24.

Straw, A. (1983) Pre-Devensian glaciation of Lincolnshire (eastern England) and adjacent areas. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2, 239–60.

Straw, A. and Clayton, K.M. (eds) (1979) Eastern and Central England, Geomorphology of the British Isles, Methuen, London, 247 pp.

Stuart, A.J. (1976) The History of the Mammal Fauna during the Ipswichian/Late Interglacial in England. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B276, 221–50.

Stuart, A.J. (1982) Pleistocene Vertebrates in the British Isles, Longmans and Co., London, 212 pp.

Stuart, A.J. and Lister, A.M. (2001) The mammalian faunas of Pakefield/Kessingland and Corton, Suffolk, UK: evidence for a new temperate episode in the British early Middle Pleistocene. Quaternary Science Reviews, 20, 1677–92.

Sturlodottir, S.A. and Turner, J. (1985) The elm decline at Pawlaw Mire: an anthropogenic interpretation. New Phytologist, 99, 323–9.

Sturm, M. and Matter, A. (1978) Turbidites and varves in lake Brienz (Switzerland): deposition of clastic detritus by density currents. In Modern and Ancient Lake Sediments (eds A. Matter and M.E. Tucker), Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists, No. 2, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 145–68.

Sugden, D.E. (1968) The selectivity of glacial erosion in the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 45, 79–92.

Sugden, D.E. (1989) Modification of old land surfaces by ice sheets. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Neue Folge Supplement Band, 72, 163–72.

Sugden, D.E. and Watts, S.H. (1977) Tors, felsenmeer, and glaciation in Northern Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 14, 2817–23.

Sugden, D.E., Glasser, N.F. and Clapperton, C.M. (1992) Evolution of large roches moutonnées. Geografiska Annaler, 74A, 253–64.

Suggate, R.P. and West, R.G. (1959) On the extent of the Last Glaciation in eastern England. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B150, 263–83.

Sumbler, M.G. (1983a) A new look at the type Wolstonian glacial deposits of Central England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 94, 23–31.

Sumbler, M.G. (1983b) The type Wolstonian sequence — some further comments. Quaternary Newsletter, 40, 36–9.

Summerfield, M.A. (1991) Global Geomorphology: an Introduction to the Study of Landforms, Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, 537 pp.

Sutcliffe, A.J. (1976) The British Glacial-Interglacial sequence. Quaternary Newsletter, 18, 1–7.

Sutcliffe, A.J., Lord, T.C., Harmon, R.S., Ivanovich, M, Rae, A. and Hess, J.W. (1985) Wolverine in Northern England at about 83, 000 yr BP: Faunal evidence for climatic change during Isotope Stage 5. Quaternary Research, 24, 73–86.

Sweeting, M.M. (1950) Erosion cycles and limestone caverns in the Ingleborough district. Geographical Journal, 115, 63–78.

Sweeting, M.M. (1966) The weathering of limestones. In Essays in Geomorphology (ed. G.H. Dury), Heinemann, London, pp. 177–210.

Sweeting, M.M. (1972) Karst Landforms, Macmillan, London, 362 pp.

Sweeting, M.M. (1974) Karst geomorphology in North West England. In The Limestones and Caves of North-West England (ed. A.C. Waltham), David and Charles, Newton Abbot, pp. 46–78.

Switsur, V.R. and West, R.G. (1975) University of Cambridge Natural Radiocarbon Measurements XIII. Radiocarbon, 17, 35–51.

Synge, F.M. (1964) The glacial succession in west Caernarvonshire. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 75, 431–44.

Szafer, W. (1946) The Pliocene flora of Kroscienko in Poland. Rozprawy Wydzialu matematyczno-przyrodniczego, 72, 1–162 (English Summary).

Tallantire, P.A. (1976) Trapa natans in the British Flandrian. Nature, 261, 347.

Tallantire, P.A. (1992) The alder [Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.] problem in the British Isles: a third approach to its palaeohistory. New Phytologist, 122, 717–31.

Tanis, J. H. (1964a) Studies on southern Pennine peats I. The general pollen record. Journal of Ecology, 52, 323–31.

Tanis, J. H. (1964b) Studies on southern Pennine peats II. The pattern of erosion, Journal of Ecology, 52, 333–44.

Tallis, J.H. (1964c) Studies on southern Pennine peats III. The behaviour of Sphagnum. Journal of Ecology, 52, 345–53.

Tanis, J.H. (1964d) The pre-peat vegetation of the southern Pennines. New Phytologist, 63, 363–73.

Tallis, J. (1965) Studies on southern Pennine peats IV Evidence of recent erosion. Journal of Ecology, 53, 509–20.

Tallis, J.H. (1973a) Studies on southern Pennine peats V. Direct observations on peat erosion and peat hydrology at Featherbed Moss, Derbyshire. Journal of Ecology, 61, 1–22.

Tallis, J.H. (1973b) The terrestrialisation of lake basins in North Cheshire, with special reference to the development of a 'Schwingmoor' structure. Journal of Ecology, 61, 537–67.

Tallis, J.H. (1975) Tree remains in southern Pennine blanket peats. Nature, 256, 482–4.

Tallis, J.H. (1981a) Rates of erosion. In Peak District Moorland Erosion Study: Phase I Report (eds J. Phillips, D. Yalden and J. Tanis), Peak Park Joint Planning Board, Bakewell, pp. 74–83.

Talus, J.H. (1981b) Uncontrolled fires. In Peak District Moorland Erosion Study: Phase I Report (eds J. Phillips, D. Yalden and J. Tanis), Peak Park Joint Planning Board, Bakewell, pp 176–82.

Tallis, J.H. (1985a) Mass movements and erosion of a southern Pennine blanket peat. Journal of Ecology, 73, 283–315.

Tallis, J.H. (1985b) Erosion of blanket peat in the southern Pennines: new light on an old problem. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnson), Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 313–26.

Tallis, J.H. (1987) Fire and flood at Holme Moss: erosion processes in an upland blanket mire. Journal of Ecology, 75, 1099–129.

Talus, J.H. (1991) Forest and moorland in the south Pennine upland in the mid-Flandrian period. III. The spread of moorland — local, regional and national. Journal of Ecology, 79, 401–15.

Tallis, J.H. (1995) Climate and erosion signals in British blanket peats: the significance of Racomitrium lanuginosum remains. Journal of Ecology, 83, 1021–30.

Tallis, J.H. and Johnson, R.H. (1980) The dating of landslides in Longdendale, north Derbyshire, using pollen-analytical techniques. In Timescales in Geomorphology (eds R.A. Cullingford, D.A. Davidson and J. Lewin), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 189–205.

Tallis, J.H. and Livett, E.A. (1994) Pool and hummock patterning in a southern Pennine blanket mire I. Stratigraphic profiles for the last 2800 years. Journal of Ecology, 82, 775–88.

Tallis, J.H. and McGuire, J. (1972) Central Rossendale: the evolution of an upland vegetation. I. The clearance of woodland. Journal of Ecology, 60, 721–37.

Tallis, J.H. and Switsur, V.R. (1973) Studies in southern Pennine peats VI. A radiocarbon-dated pollen diagram from Featherbed Moss, Derbyshire. Journal of Ecology, 61, 743–51.

Tanis, J.H. and Switsur, V.R. (1983) Forest and moorland in the south Pennine uplands in the mid-Flandrian period. I. Macrofossil evidence of the former forest cover. Journal of Ecology, 71, 585–600.

Tallis, J.H. and Switsur, V.R. (1990) Forest and moorland in the south Pennine uplands in the mid-Flandrian period. II. The hillslope forests. Journal of Ecology, 78, 857–83.

Tallis, J.H. and Yalden, D. (1984) Moorland Restoration Project: Phase 2 Report, Peak Park Joint Planning Board, Bakewell.

Tarbet, M.A. (1973) Geotechnical properties and sedimentation characteristics of tills in south east Northumberland. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

Tauber, H. (1965) Differential pollen dispersal and the interpretation of pollen diagrams. Danmarks Geologiske UndersOgelse, H, 89, 1–69.

Taylor, B.J. (1958) Cemented shear planes in the Pleistocene Middle Sands of Lancashire and Cheshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 31, 359–66.

Taylor, B.J., Burgess, I.C., Land, D.H., Mills, D.A.C., Smith, D.B. and Warren, P.T (1971) Quaternary In Northern England, 4th edn (eds B.J. Taylor, I.C. Burgess, D.H. Land, D.A:C Mills, D.B. Smith and P.T. Warren) British Regional Geology, No. 7, HMSO, London, pp. 83–90.

Taylor, D. (1995) New pollen data from the Keyingham valley, southern Holderness. In Wetland Heritage of Holderness: an Archaeological Survey (eds R. Van de Noon and S. Ellis), Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, pp. 121–7.

Taylor, J.J., Innes, J.B. and Jones, M.D.H. (1994) Locating prehistoric wetland sites by an integrated palaeoenvironmental/geophysical survey strategy at Little Hawes Water, Lancashire. In Whither Environmental Archaeology? (eds R. Luff and P. Rowly-Conwy), Oxbow Monograph, No. 38, Oxbow Books, Oxford, pp. 13–23.

Taylor, M.P. and Macklin, M.G. (1998) Holocene alluvial sedimentation of the River Swale at Catterick, North Yorkshire. In The Quaternary of the Eastern Yorkshire Dales: field guide: The Holocene Alluvial Record (eds A.J. Howard and M.G. Macklin), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 83–7.

Taylor, M.P., Macklin, M.G. and Hudson-Edwards, K. (2000) River sedimentation and fluvial response to Holocene environmental change in the Yorkshire Ouse Basin, northern England. The Holocene, 10, 201–12.

Te Punga, M.T. (1956) Altiplanation terraces in Southern England. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 4, 331–8.

Te Punga, M.T. (1957) Periglaciation in southern England. Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 74, 400–12.

Teasdale, D. and Hughes, D. (1999) The glacial history of north-east England. In The Quaternary of North-East England: field guide (eds D.R. Bridgland, B.P. Horton and J.B. Innes), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 10–17.

Tegerdine, G.D., Campbell, S.D.G. and Woodcock, N.H. (1981) Transcurrent faulting and pre-Carboniferous Anglesey. Nature, London, 293, 760–62.

Temple, P.H. (1965) Some aspects of cirque distribution in the west-central Lake District, northern England. Geografiska Annaler, 47A, 185–93.

Thew, N.M. and Woodall, D. (1984) Late Devensian molluscan palaeoecology of Holderness. In Late Quaternary Environments and Man in Holderness (ed. D.D. Gilbertson), British Archaeological Reports British Series, 134, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, pp. 109–57.

Thistlewood, L. and Whyte, M.A. (1993) A palaeomagnetic and mineral magnetic study of the Speeton Shell Bed, North Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 49, 325–34.

Thom, B.G. (1974) Coastal erosion in eastern Australia. Search, 5, 198–209.

Thom, B.G. (1984) Transgressive and regressive stratigraphies of coastal sand barriers in southeast Australia. Marine Geology, 56, 137–58.

Thom, B.G., Polach, H.A. and Bowman, G.M. (1978) Holocene Age Structure of Coastal Sand Barriers in New South Wales, Department of Geography, University of New South Wales, Duntroon.

Thomas, G.N. (2001) Late Middle Pleistocene pollen biostratigraphy in Britain: pitfalls and possibilities in the separation of interglacial sequences. Quaternary Science Reviews, 20, 1621–30.

Thomas, G.S.P. (1971) Isle of Man, Easter 1971: field guide, Quaternary Research Association, Quaternary Research Association, London, 130 pp.

Thomas, G.S.P. (1985a) The Late Devensian glaciation along the border of north-east Wales. Geological Journal, 20, 319–40.

Thomas, G.S.P. (1985b) The Quaternary of the northern Irish Sea Basin. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnson), Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 143–58.

Thomas, G.S.P. (1989) The Late Devensian glaciation along the western margin of the Cheshire–Shropshire Basin. Journal of Quaternary Science, 4, 167–81.

Thomas, G.S.P. (1999) Northern England. In A Revised Correlation of Quaternary Deposits in the British Isles (ed. D.Q. Bowen), Geological Society of London Special Report, No. 23, Geological Society of London, Bath, pp. 91–8.

Thomas, G.S.P. and Dackombe, R.V. (1991). The glacial deposits of the Isle of Man. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, pp. 333–44.

Thomas, G.S.P. and Montague, E. (1997) The morphology, stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Carstairs Esker, Scotland, U.K. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16, 661–674.

Thomas, G.S.P., Chester, D.K. and Crimes, P (1998) The Late Devensian glaciation of the eastern Lleyn Peninsula, North Wales: evidence for terrestrial depositional environments. Journal of Quaternary Science, 13, 255–270.

Thomas, G.S.P., Huddart, D. and Bennett, M.R. (in press) The Newbigging esker system, Lanarkshire, Southern Scotland: a model for tunnel, subaqueous fan and supraglacial esker formation. Journal of Quaternary Science.

Thomas, K.D. (1989) Vegetation of the British chalklands in the Flandrian period: a response to Bush. Journal of Archaeological Science, 16, 549–53.

Thomas, M.F. (1978) Denudation in the tropics and the interpretation of the tropical legacy in higher latitudes — a view of the British experience. In Geomorphology, Present Problems and Future Prospects (eds C. Embleton, D. Brunsden and D.K.C. Jones), Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 185–202.

Thompson, D. and Worsley, P (1966) A Late Pleistocene molluscan fauna from the drifts of the Cheshire Plain. Geological Journal, 5, 197–207.

Thompson, D.B. and Worsley, P (1967) Periods of ventifact formation in the Permo-Triassic and Quaternary of the North East Cheshire basin. Mercian Geologist, 2, 279–98.

Thompson, R. (1975) Long period European geomagnetic secular variation confirmed. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 43, 847–59.

Thompson, R. and Oldfield, F. (1986) Environmental Magnetism, Allen and Unwin, London, 227 pp.

Thorn, C.E. (1976) Quantitative evaluation of nivation in the Colarado Front Range. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 87, 1169–78.

Thorn, C.E. (1988) Nivation: a geomorphic chimera. In Advances in Periglacial Geomorphology (ed. M.J. Clark), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 3–31.

Thorn, C.E. and Hall, K. (1980) Nivation: an arctic–alpine comparison and reappraisal. Journal of Glaciology, 25, 109–24.

Thornber, N. (1959) Pennine Underground, Dalesman, Clapham, 208 pp.

Thorne, M.C. (1996) Quaternary Evolution of the Sellafield Area, Cumbria. Nirex Science Report, SAC/96/006.

Thorne, M.C., Merritt, J.W., Wingfield, R.T. R, Tooley, M.J. and Clayton, K.M. (1997) Quaternary Evolution of the Sellafield Area, Cumbria. Nirex Science Report, SA/97/002.

Thorpe, R.S. and McDonald, R. (1985) Geochemical evidence for the emplacement of the Whin Sill complex of northern England.

Geological Magazine, 122, 389–96.

Tiddeman, R.H. (1872) On the evidence for the ice sheet in north Lancashire, and adjacent parts of Yorkshire and Westmoreland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 28, 471–91.

Tiddeman, R.H. (1889) On concurrent faulting and deposition in Carboniferous times in Craven, Yorkshire, with a note on Carboniferous reefs. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1888, pp. 600–3.

Tiddeman, R.H. (1891) Physical history of the Carboniferous rocks in upper Airedale. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 11, 482–92.

Tinider, K.J. (1966) Slope profiles and scree in the Eglwyseg Valley, North Wales. Geographical Journal, 132, 379–85.

Tinsley, H.M. (1975) The former woodland of the Nidderdale Moors and the role of early man in its decline. Journal of Ecology, 63, 1–26.

Tinsley H.M. (1976) Cultural influences on Pennine vegetation with particular reference to north Yorkshire. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 1, 310–22

Tinsley, H.M. and Smith R.T. (1973) Ecological investigations at a Romano-British earthwork in the Yorkshire Pennines. Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, 46, 23–33.

Tippett, J.M. and Kamp, P.J.J. (1995) Geomorphic evolution of the Southern Alps, New Zealand. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 20, 177–92.

Tipping, R.M. (1991a) The climatostratigraphic subdivision of the Devensian Lateglacial: evidence from a pollen site near Oban, western Scotland. Journal of Biogeography, 18, 89–101.

Tipping, R.M. (1991b) Climatic change in Scotland during the Devensian Late Glacial: the palynological record. In The Late Glacial in north-west Europe: Human Adaptation and Environmental Change at the end of the Pleistocene (eds N. Barton, A.J. Roberts and D.A. Roe), Council of British Archaeology Research Report, 77, Council for British Archaeology, London, pp. 7–21.

Tipping, R.M. (1992) The determination of cause in the generation of major prehistoric valley fills in the Cheviot Hills, Anglo-Scottish Border. In Alluvial Archaeology in Britain: proceedings of a conference sponsored by the RMC Group plc, 3–5 January 1991, British Museum (eds S. Needham and M.G. Macklin), Oxbow Monograph, No. 27, Oxbow Press, Oxford, pp. 111–21.

Tipping, R.M. (1994a) Fluvial chronology and valley floor evolution of the upper Bowmont Valley, Borders Region, Scotland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 19, 641–57.

Tipping, R.M. (1994b) Williamson's Moss: palynological evidence for the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition. In Cumbria: field guide (eds J. Boardman and J. Walden), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Oxford, pp. 104–27.

Tipping, R. (1995) Holocene evolution of a lowland Scottish landscape: Kirkpatrick Fleming. I. Peat- and pollen-stratigraphic evidence for raised moss development and climate change. The Holocene, 5, 69–81.

Tipping, R.M. (1996) The Neolithic landscapes of the Cheviot Hills and hinterland: palaeoen-vironmental evidence. In Neolithic Studies in No-Man's Land: papers on the Neolithic of Northern England from the Trent to the Tweed (ed. P. Frodsham), North ern Archaeology Special Edition, 13/14, Northumberland Archaeological Group, Northumberland, pp. 17–33.

Tooley, M.J. (1969) Sea-level changes and the development of Coastal Plant Communities during the Flandrian in Lancashire and adjacent areas. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Lancaster.

Tooley, M.T (1970) The peat beds of the southwest Lancashire coast. Nature in Lancashire, 1, 19–26.

Tooley, M.J. (1974) Sea-level changes during the last 9000 years in north-west England. Geographical Journal, 140, 18–42.

Tooley, M.J. (1976) Flandrian sea-level changes in west Lancashire and their implications for the 'Hillhouse Coastline'. Geological Journal, 11, 37–52.

Tooley, M.J. (1977) The Quaternary history of north-west England and the Isle of Man. In The Isle of Man, Lancashire coast and Lake District (ed. M.J. Tooley), International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, A4, International Union for Quaternary Research, Birmingham, pp. 5–7.

Tooley, M.J. (1978a) Sea-Level Changes: North-West England during the Flandrian Stage, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 176 pp.

Tooley, M.J. (1978b) The history of Hartlepool Bay. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Exploration, 7, 71–87.

Tooley, M.J. (1980) Theories of coastal change in North-West England. In Archaeology and Coastal Change: being the papers presented at meetings in London and Manchester on 27th October and 5th November (ed. F.H. Thompson), Society of Antiquaries of London Occasional Papers, New Series, No. 1, Society of Antiquaries of London, London, pp. 74–86.

Tooley, M.J. (1982) Sea-level changes in northern England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 93, 43–51.

Tooley, M.T (1984) Raised and buried beaches in the Durham coast, Institute of British Geographers, Excursion to the Durham coast, Department of Geography, University of Durham.

Tooley, M.J. (1985) Sea-level changes and coastal morphology in north-west England. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnson), Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 94–121.

Tooley, M.J. (1990) The chronology of coastal dune development in the United Kingdom. Catena, Supplement, 18, 81–8.

Tooley, M.J. (1992) Recent sea-level changes. In Saltmarshes: Morphodynamics, Conservation and Engineering Significance, (eds J.R.L Allen and K. Pye), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 19–40.

Tooley, M.J. and Kear, B. (1977) Mere Sands Wood (Shirdley Hill Sand),In The Isle of Man, Lancashire Coast and Lake District (ed. M.J. Tooley), International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, A4, International Union for Quaternary Research, Birmingham, pp. 9–10.

Tooley, Rackham, D.J. and Simmons, I.G. (1982) A red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) skeleton from Seamer Curs, Cleveland, England: provenance of the skeleton and palaeoecology of the site. Journal of Archaeological Science, 6, 365–76.

Travis, C.B. (1913) Geological notes on recent dock excavations at Liverpool and Birkenhead. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 24, 267–75.

Travis, C.B. (1926) The peat and forest bed of the south-west Lancashire coast. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 14, 263–77.

Travis, C.B. (1929) The peat and forest beds of Leasowe, Cheshire. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 15, 157–78.

Travis, W.G. (1909) On plant remains in peat in the Shirdley Hill Sand at Aintree, South Lancashire. Transactions Liverpool Botanical Society, 1, 47–52.

Trechmann, C.T. (1915) The Scandinavian Drift of the Durham coast and the general glaciology of south-east Durham. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 71, 53–82.

Trechmann, C.T. (1919) On a deposit of interglacial loess and some transported preglacial freshwater clays on the Durham coast. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 75, 173–203.

Trechmann, C.T. (1931) The Scandinavian Drift or Basement Clay on the Durham coast. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 42, 292–4.

Trechmann, C.T. (1936) Mesolithic flints from the submerged forest at West Hartlepool. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 11, 161–8.

Trechmann, C.T. (1947) The submerged forest beds of the Durham coast. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 27, 23–32.

Trechmann, C.T. (1952) On the Pleistocene of East Durham. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 28, 164–79.

Troels-Smith, J. (1955) Karakterisering of løse jordarter. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, 4, 3 (10), 73 pp.

Trotter, F.M. (1922) Report from the Cumberland District. Summary of Progress of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and the Museum of Practical Geology (1921), 46–8.

Trotter, F.M. (1929) Glaciation of the eastern Edenside, the Alston Block and the Carlisle Plain. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 88, 549–607.

Trotter, F.M. and Hollingworth, S.E. (1932) The glacial sequence in the North of England. Geological Magazine, 69, 374–80.

Trotter, F.M., Hollingworth, S.E., Eastwood, T. and Rose, W.C.C. (1937) Gosforth District: explanation of map 37, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series, HMSO, London, 140 pp.

Trudgill, S. (1985) Limestone Geomorphology, Longman, London.

Tufnell, L. (1966) Some little-studied British landforms. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 2,50–6.

Tufnell, L. (1969) The range of periglacial phenomena in Northern England. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 19, 291–32.

Tufnell, L. (1971) Erosion by snow patches in the northern Pennines. Weather, 26, 492–8.

Tufnell, L. (1972) Ploughing blocks with special reference to northwest England. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 21, 237–70.

Tufnell, L. (1975) Hummocky microrelief in the Moor House area of the northern Pennines. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 24, 353–68

Tufnell, L. (1976) Ploughing block movements on the Moor House Reserve (England), 1965–1975. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 26, 311–17.

Tufnell, L. (1978) Studies of periglacial phenomena on the Moor House National Nature Reserve and surrounding areas. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.

Tufnell, L. (1985) Periglacial landforms in the Cross Fell–Knock Fell area of the northern Pennines. In Field Guide to the Periglacial Landforms of Northern England (ed. J. Boardman), Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 4–14.

Turner, C. (1975) The correlation and duration of Middle Pleistocene interglacial periods in northwest Europe. In After the Australopithecines: Stratigraphy, Ecology and Culture Change in the Middle Pleistocene (eds K.W. Butzer and G.L. Isaac) World Anthropology, Mouton, The Hague, pp. 259–308.

Turner, G.M. and Thompson, R. (1981) Lake sediment record of the geomagnetic secular variation in Britain during Holocene times. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 65, 703–25.

Turner, J. (1962) The Tilia decline: an anthropogenic interpretation. New Phytologist, 61, 328–41.

Turner; J. (1964) The anthropogenic factor in vegetational history 1. Tregaron and Whixall Mosses. New Phytologist, 64, 328–41.

Turner, J. (1965) A contribution to the history of forest clearance. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B161, 343–52.

Turner, J. (1970) Vegetational history. In Durham County and City with Teesside (ed. J. Dewdney), British Association for the Advancement of Science, Durham, pp. 123–33.

Turner, J. (1978) History of Vegetation and Flora. In Upper Teesdale: the Area and its Natural History (ed. A.R. Clapham), Collins, London, pp. 88–101.

Turner, J. (1979) The environment of north-east England during Roman times as shown by pollen analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science, 6,285–90.

Turner, J. (1984) Pollen diagrams from Cross Fell and their implications for former tree-lines. In: Lake Sediments and Environmental History (eds E.Y. Haworth and J.W.G. Lund), Leicester University Press, Leicester, pp. 317–57.

Turner, J. and Hodgson, J. (1979) Studies in the vegetational history of the northern Pennines. I. Variations in the composition of the early Flandrian forests. Journal of Ecology, 67, 629–46.

Turner, J. and Hodgson, J. (1981) Studies in the vegetational history of the northern Pennines. II. An atypical diagram from Pow Hill, Co. Durham. Journal of Ecology, 69, 171–88.

Turner, J. and Hodgson, J. (1983) Studies in the vegetational history of the northern Pennines. III. Variations in the composition of the mid-Flandrian forests. Journal of Ecology, 71, 95–118.

Turner, J. and Kershaw, A.P. (1973) A Late- and Post-Glacial pollen diagram from Cranberry Bog, near Beamish, County Durham. New Phytologist, 72, 915–28.

Turner, J., Hewetson, V.P, Hibbert, F.A., Lowry, K.H. and Chambers, C. (1973) The history of the vegetation and flora of Widdybank Fell and the Cow Green reservoir basin, Upper Teesdale. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B265, 327–40.

Turner, J.S. (1936) The structural significance of the Rossendale Anticline. Transactions of the Leeds Geological Association, 5, 157–60.

Turner, R.C. (1986) Discovery and excavation of the Lindow Bodies. In Lindow Man. The Body in the Bog (eds I.M. Stead, J.B. Bourke, J.B. and D. Brothwell) , British Museum Publications, London, pp. 10–13.

Turner, R.C. (1988) A Cumbrian bog body from Scaleby. Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, 88, 1–7.

Turner, R.C. (1989) Another Cumbrian bog body from Seascale. Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, 89, 21–3.

Turner, R.C. (1995a) Discoveries and excavations at Lindow Moss 1983–8. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 10–18.

Turner, R.C. (1995b) Recent research into British bog bodies. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 108–22.

Turner, R.C. (1995c) The Lindow man phenomenon: ancient and modern. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 188–204.

Turner, R.C. (1995d) Gazeteer of bog bodies in the British Isles, 1. Britain. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 205–20.

Turner, R.C. and Penney, S. (1996) Bog bodies. The discoveries at Whixall Moss. In Fenn's and Whixall Mosses (eds A. Berry, F. Gale, J.L. Daniels and B. Allmark), Clywd County Council, Mold, pp. 41–6.

Turner, R.C. and Scaife, R.G. (1995) Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives, British Museum Press, London.

Turner, R.C., Rhodes, M. and Wild, J.P. (1991) The Roman body found on Grewelthorpe Moor in 1850: a reappraisal. Britannia, 22, 191–201.

Twidale, C.R. (1957). Glacier overflow channels in north Lincolnshire. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 22, 47–54.

Twigger, S.N. (1988) Late Holocene palaeoecology and environmental archaeology of six lowland lakes and bogs in North Shropshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Southampton.

Twigger, S.N. and Haslam, C.J. (1991) Environmental change in Shropshire during the last 13, 000 years. Field Studies, 7, 743–58.

Valentin, H. (1954) Der Landverlust in Holderness, Ostengland, von 1852 bis 1952. Die Erde, 6, 296–315.

Valentin, H. (1957) Glazialmorphologische Untersuchungen in Ostengland. Abhandlungen Geographische Institut der Freien Universitat Berlin, 4, 1–86.

Valentine, D.H. (1965) The Natural History of Upper Teesdale. Northumberland and Durham Naturalists Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

Van de Noort, R. and Davies, P. (1993) Wetland Heritage. An Archaeological Assessment of the Humber Wetlands, Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, 181 pp.

Van de Noort R. and Ellis S. (1995a) Wetland Heritage of Holderness: an Archaeological Survey, Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, 387 pp.

Van de Noort, R. and Ellis, S. (1995b) Recommendations. In Wetland Heritage of Holderness: an Archaeological Survey (eds R. Van de Noort and S. Ellis), Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, pp. 361–4.

Van de Noort, R. and Ellis, S. (1997) Wetland Heritage of the Humberhead Levels: an Archaeological Survey, Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, 508 pp.

Van de Noort, R. and Ellis, S. (1999) Wetland Heritage of the Vale of York: an Archaeological Survey, Humber Wetland Project, University of Hull, Hull, 331 pp.

Van de Noort, R., Ellis, S., Taylor. M, and Weir D. (1995) Preservation of archaeological sites. In Wetland Heritage of Holderness: an Archaeological Survey (eds R. Van de Noort and S. Ellis), Humber Wetlands Project, University of Hull, Hull, pp. 341–56.

Van der Meer, J.J.M. (1987) Micromorphology of glacial sediments as a tool in distinguishing genetic varieties of till. In INQUA Till Symposium, Finland, 1985 (eds R. Kujansuu and M. Saarnisto), Geological Survey of Finland Special Paper, No. 3, Geologian Tutkimuskeskus, Espoo, pp. 77–89.

Van der Meer, J.J.M. (1993) Microscopic evidence of subglacial deformation. Quaternary Science Reviews, 12, 553–87.

Van der Sanden, W.A.B. (1995) Bog bodies on the Continent: the developments since 1965, with special reference to the Netherlands. In Bog Bodies. New Discoveries and New Perspectives (eds R.C. Turner and R.G. Scaife), British Museum Press, London, pp. 146–67.

Vanstone, S.D. (1998) Late Dinantian palaeokarst of England and Wales: implications for exposure surface development. Sedimentology, 45, 19–37.

Varley, W.J. (1964) Cheshire Before the Romans, Cheshire Community Council, Chester, 109 pp.

Varley, W.J. (1968) Barmston and the Holderness crannogs. East Riding Archaeologist, 1, 11–26.

Versey, H.C. (1938a) The Tertiary history of East Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 23, 302–14.

Versey, H.C. (1938b) The Speeton pre-glacial shell bed. The Naturalist, Hull, 227–9.

Versey, H.C. (1948) Geology and Scenery of the Countryside round Leeds and Bradford, Murby, London, 94 pp.

Vincent, P. (1969) The glacial history and deposits of a selected part of the Alston Block. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Durham.

Vincent, P. (1985) Quaternary geomorphology of the southern Lake District and Morecambe Bay area. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnson), Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 158–77.

Vincent, P (1996) Palaeokarst, pits and problems. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 6(1), 134–6.

Vincent, P.J. (1995) Limestone pavements in the British Isles: a review. Geographical Journal, 161, 265–74.

Wager, L.R. (1931) Jointing in the Great Scar Limestone of Craven and its relation to the tectonics of the area. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 87, 392–424.

Walden, J. (1994) Late Devensian sedimentary environments in the Irish Sea Basin: glacioter-restrial or glaciomarine? In Cumbria: field guide (eds J. Boardman and J. Walden), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Oxford, pp. 15–18.

Walden, J., Dackombe, R.V. and McGraw, J. (1994) Clast lithological and mineral magnetic analysis of diamicts from the Cumberland coastal exposures. In Cumbria: field guide (eds J. Boardman and J. Walden), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Oxford, pp. 75–85.

Walder, J. and Hallet, B. (1985) A theoretical model of the fracture of rock during freezing. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 96, 336–46.

Walder, J. and Hallet, B. (1986) The physical basis of frost weathering: toward a more fundamental and unified perspective. Arctic and Alpine Research, 18, 27–32.

Walker, D. (1955a) Late-glacial deposits at Lunds, Yorkshire. New Phytologist, 54, 343–9.

Walker D. (1955b) Studies in the Post-glacial history of British vegetation. Skelsmerg Tarn and Kentmere, Westmorland. New Phytologist, 54, 222–54.

Walker, D. (1956) A Late glacial deposit at St. Bees, Cumberland. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 112, 93–101.

Walker, D. (1965) The Post-glacial period in the Langdale Fells, English Lake District. New Phytologist, 64, 488–510.

Walker, D. (1966a) The glaciation of the Langdale Fells. Geological Journal, 5, 208–15.

Walker, D. (1966b) The Late Quaternary history of the Cumberland Lowland. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B251, 1–120.

Walker, D. (1970). Direction and rate of some Post-glacial hydroseres. In Studies in the Vegetational History of the British Isles (eds D. Walker and R.G. West), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 117–39.

Walker, D. and Walker, P.M. (1961) Stratigraphic evidence of regeneration in some Irish bogs. Journal of Ecology, 49, 169–85.

Walker, D. and Godwin, H. (1954) Lake stratigraphy, pollen analysis and vegetation history. In Excavations at Star Carr: an early Mesolithic site at Seamer near Scarborough (ed. J.D. Clark), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 25–68.

Walker, M.J.C. (1995) Climatic changes in Europe during the last glacial/interglacial transition. Quaternary International, 28, 63–76.

Walker, M.J.C. and Harkness, D.D. (1990) Radiocarbon dating the Devensian Lateglacial in Britain: new evidence from Llanilid, South Wales. ournal of Quaternary Science, 5, 13544.

Walker, M.J.C., Coope, G.R. and Lowe, J.J. (1993) The Devensian (Weichselian) Lateglacial palaeoenvironmental record from Gransmoor, East Yorkshire, England. Quaternary Science Reviews, 12, 659–80.

Walker, M.J.C., Bohncke, S.J.P., Coope, G.R., O'Connell, M., Usinger, H. and Verbruggen, C. (1994) The Devensian/Weichselian Late Glacial in northwest Europe (Ireland, Britain, north Belgium, the Netherlands, northwest Germany). Journal of Quaternary Science, 9, 109–18.

Waller, M.P. and Hamilton, S. (2000) Vegetation history of the English challdands: a mid-Holocene pollen sequence from the Caburn, East Sussex. Journal of Quaternary Science, 15, 253–72.

Walsh, P.T. and Brown, E.H. (1971) Solution subsidence outliers containing probable Tertiary sediment in N.E.Wales. Journal of Geology, 7, 299–320.

Walsh, P.T, Boulter, M.C., Ijataba, M. and Urbani, D.M. (1972) The preservation of the Neogene Brassington Formation of the southern Pennines and its bearing on the evolution of Upland Britain. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 128, 519–59.

Waltham, A.C. (1974) The geology of the southern Askrigg Block. In Limestones and Caves of North-West England (ed. A.C. Waltham), David and Charles, Newton Abbot, pp. 25–45.

Waltham, A.C. (1990) Geomorphic evolution of the Ingleborough karst. Transactions of the British Cave Research Association, 17, 9–18.

Waltham, A.0 and Tillotson, A.C. (1989) The Geomorphology of Ingleborough: Documentation and Assessment of the Surface and Underground Geomorphology of Ingleborough SSSI, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough.

Waltham, A.C., Simms, M.J., Farrant, A.R. and Goldie, H.S. (1997) Karst and Caves of Great Britain, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 12, Chapman and Hall, London, 358 pp.

Waltham, T (1987) Karst and Caves in the Yorkshire Dales National Park, Yorkshire Dales National Park Committee/British Cave Research Association, Guisborough.

Warburton, J. (1985) Contemporary patterned ground (sorted stripes) in the Lake District. In Field Guide to the Periglacial landforms of Northern England (ed. J. Boardman), Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 54–62.

Warburton, J. (1997) Patterned ground in the Lake District. In Geomorphology of the Lake District: a Field Guide (ed. J. Boardman), Environmental Change Unit for the British Geomorphological Research Group, Oxford, pp. 107–19.

Warburton, J. and Caine, N. (1999) Sorted patterned ground in the English Lake District. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 10, 193–7.

Ward, C. (1873) The glaciation of the northern part of the Lake District. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 29, 422–41.

Ward, J.C. (1870) On the denudation of the Lake District. Geological Magazine, 7, 14–17.

Ward, J.C. (1876) The Geology of the Northern  Part of the English Lake District — quarter-sheet 101SE, Memoir (District) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, HMSO, London, 132 pp.

Ward, S.D. and Evans, D.F. (1976) Conservation assessment of British limestone pavements based on floristic criteria. Biological Conservation, 9, 217–33.

Warren, W.E and Ashley, G.M. (1994) Origins of the ice-contact stratified ridges (eskers) of Ireland. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, A64, 433–49.

Warwick, G.T. (1964) Dry valleys of the Southern Pennines. Erdkunde, 18 (2), 116–23.

Washburn, A.L. (1956) Classification of patterned ground and review of suggested origins. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 67, 823–65.

Washburn, A.L. (1973) Periglacial Processes and Environments, Edward Arnold, London, 320 pp.

Washburn, A.L. (1979) Geocryology: a Survey of Periglacial Processes and Environments, Edward Arnold, London, 406 pp.

Waters, R.S. (1954) Pseudobedding in the Dartmoor granite. Transactions of the Royal Society of Cornwall, 18, 456–62.

Waters, R.S. (1962) Altiplanation terraces and slope development in West Spitsbergen and South-West England. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 11, 89–101.

Waters, R.S. and Johnson, R.H. (1958) The terraces of the Derbyshire Derwent. East Midland Geographer, 2, 3–15.

Watson, E. (1965) Grèzes litées on éboulis ordonnées tardiglaciares dans la région d'Aberystwyth. Bulletin Association de Geographes Francaise, 338, 16–25.

Watson, E. (1966) Two nivation cirques near Aberystwyth, Wales. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 15, 79–101.

Watson, E. (1971) Remnants of pingos in Wales and the Isle of Man. Geological Journal, 7, 381–92.

Watson, E. (1972) Pingos of Cardiganshire and the latest ice limit. Nature, 238, 343–4.

Watson, E. (1977) The periglacial environment of Great Britain during the Devensian. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B280, 183–98.

Watson, E.A. (1970) The Cardigan Bay area. In The Glaciations of Wales and adjoining regions (ed. C.A. Lewis), Geographies for Advanced Study, Longmans and Co., London, pp. 125–45.

Watt, A.S. (1971) Rare species in Breckland: their management and survival. Journal of Applied Ecology, 8, 593–609.

Watt, A.S., Perrin, R.M.S. and West, R.G. (1966) Patterned ground in Breckland: structure and composition. Journal of Ecology, 54, 239–58.

Watts, S.H. (1981) Bedrock weathering features in a portion of eastern high arctic Canada: their nature and significance. Annals of Glaciology, 2, 170–5.

Watts, W.A. (1959) Pollen spectra from the interglacial deposits at Kirmington, Lincolnshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 32, 145–52.

Watts, W.A. (1970) Criteria for identification of Late Glacial climatic oscillations, with special reference to the Bolling Oscillation. American Quaternary Association 1st Meeting (Abstracts), pp. 144–5.

Watts, W.A. (1980) Regional variation in the response of vegetation to Late-glacial climatic events in Europe. In Studies in the Lateglacial of North-West Europe: including papers presented at a symposium of the Quaternary Research Association held at University College London, January 1979 (eds J.J. Lowe, J.M. Gray and J.E. Robinson), Pergamon Press, London, pp.1–21.

Webb, P.C. and Brown, G.C. (1984) Lake District Granites: heat production and related geochemistry: British Geological Survey, Investigations of the Geothermal Potential of the UK, Geothermal Energy Research Programme, Energy Resources, WJ/GE/84/14.

Wells, C., Huckerby, E. and Hall, V (1997) Mid- and late-Holocene vegetation history and tephra studies at Fenton Cottage, Lancashire, UK. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 6, 153–66.

Wells, C.E., Hodgkinson, D. and Huckerby, E. (2000) Evidence for the possible role of beaver (Castor fiber) in the prehistoric ontogenesis of a mire in northwest England, UK. The Holocene, 10, 503–8.

West, Y.E. (1986) Forensic aspects of Lindow Man. In Lindow Man. The Body in the Bog (eds I.E. Stead, J.B. Bourke and D. Brothwell), British Museum Publications, London, pp. 77–80.

West, R.G. (1956) The Quaternary deposits at Hoxne, Suffolk. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B239, 265–356.

West, R.G. (1957) Interglacial deposits at Bobbitshole, Ipswich. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B241, 1–31.

West, R.G. (1963) Problems of the British Quaternary. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 74, 147–86.

West, R.G. (1968) Pleistocene Geology and Biology: with Especial Reference to the British Isles, Longmans and Co., London, 377 pp.

West, R.G. (1969) A note on pollen analyses from the Speeton Shell Bed. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 80, 217–218.

West, R.G. (1970) Pollen zones in the Pleistocene of Great Britain and their correlation. New Phytologist, 69, 1179–83.

West, R.G. (1972) Relative land-sea level changes in south-eastern England during the Pleistocene. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 272A, 87–98.

West, R.G. (1977) Pleistocene Geology and Biology: with Especial Reference to the British Isles, 2nd edn, Longmans and Co., London, 440 pp.

West, R.G. (1980) Pleistocene forest history in East Anglia. New Phytologist, 85, 571–622.

West, R.G. and Wilson, D.G. (1966) Cromer Forest Bed Series. Nature, 209, 497–8.

Wheeler, A. (1978) Why are there no fish remains at Star Carr? Journal of Archaeological Science, 5, 85–9.

White, G.W. (1971) Thickness of Wisconsinan tills in Grand River and Killbuck lobes, northeastern Ohio and north-western Pennsylvania. In Till: a Symposium (ed. R.P. Goldthwait), Ohio State University Press, Columbus, pp. 402.

Whitehead, T.H., Dixon, E.E.L., Pocock, R.W., Robertson, T and Cantrill, T.C. (1927) The Country between Stafford and Market Drayton, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) New Series (139), HMSO, London, 128 pp.

Whitehead, T.H., Robertson, T., R.W. and Dixon, E.E.L. (1928) The country between Wolverhampton and Oakengates, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series (153), HMSO, London, 244 pp.

Whiteman, C.A. (1981) Drumlins around Appleby-in-Westmorland, Cumbria. In Eastern Cumbria Field Meeting: 15–18 May 1981 (ed. J. Boardman), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 107–13.

Whiteman, C.A. (1990) Early and Middle Pleistocene stratigraphy and soils in central Essex, England. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London.

Whiteman, C.A. (1992) The palaeogeography and correlation of pre-Anglian-Glaciation terraces of the River Thames in Essex and the London Basin. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 103, 37–56.

Whiteman, C.A. and Rose, J. (1992) Thames River sediments of the British Early and Middle Pleistocene. Quaternary Science Reviews, 11, 363–75.

Whittard, W.F. (1931) The geology of the Ordovician and Valentian rocks of the Shelve country, Shropshire. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 42, 322–39.

Williams, P.W. (1966) Limestone pavements with special reference to western Ireland. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 40, 155–72.

Williams, R.B.G. (1964) Fossil patterned ground in eastern England. Biuletyn Peryglacjalyny, 14, 337–49.

Williams, R.B.G. (1975) The British climate during the last glaciation: an interpretation based on periglacial phenomena. In Ice Ages Ancient and Modern: proceedings of the 21st Inter-University Geological Congress held at the University of Birmingham, 2–4 January, 1974 (eds A.E. Wright and E Moseley), Geological Journal Special Issue, No. 6, Seel House Press, Liverpool, pp. 95–120.

Williams, C.T. (1985) Mesolithic Exploitation Patterns in the Central Pennines: a Palynological Study of Soyland Moor, British Archaeological Reports British Series, 139, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, 175 pp.

Williams, P.F. and Rust, B.R. (1969) The sedimentology of a braided river. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 39, 649–79.

Williamson, I.A. (1952) A glacial overflow channel near Burnley, north-east Lancashire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 28, 228–9.

Wills, L.J. (1924) The development of the Severn valley in the neighbourhood of Ironbridge and Bridgnorth. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 80, 274–314.

Wills, L.J. (1929) The Physiographical Evolution of Britain, Edward Arnold, London, 376 pp.

Wilson, P. (1977) The Rosthwaite moraines. Proceedings of the Cumberland Geological Society, 3, 239–49.

Wilson, P (1979) Experimental investigation of etch pit formation on quartz sand grains. Geological Magazine, 116, 477–482

Wilson, P (1980) Surface textures of regolith quartz from the Southern Pennines. Geological Journal, 15, 113–29.

Wilson, P (1985) The Mere Sands of Lancashire — a forgotten Flandrian deposit. Quaternary Newsletter, 45, 23–6.

Wilson, P and Clark, R. (1995) Landforms associated with a Loch Lomond Stadial glacier at Cronidey Scar, Teesdale, northern Pennines. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 50, 277–83.

Wilson, P, Bateman, R.M. and Catt, J.A. (1981) Petrography, origin and environment of deposition of the Shirdley Hill Sand of South Lancashire, England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 92, 211–29.

Wilson, S.J. (1991) The correlation of the Speeton Shell Bed, Filey Bay, Yorkshire, to an oxygen isotope stage. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 48, 223–6.

Wilson, V. (1948) East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, British Regional Geology, HMSO, London, 94 pp.

Wiltshire, P.E.J. and Edwards, K.J. (1993) Mesolithic, early Neolithic, and later prehistoric impacts on vegetation at a riverine site in Derbyshire, England. In Climate Change and Human Impact on the Landscape (ed. E.M. Chambers), Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 157–68.

Wimble, G, Wells, C. and Hodgkinson, D. (2000) Human impact on mid- and late Holocene vegetation in Cumbria, UK. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 9, 17–30.

Winch, N.J., Thornhill, J. and Waugh, R. (1805) The Botanist's Guide through the Counties of Northumberland and Durham, S. Hodgson, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

Wingfield, R.T.R., Merritt, J.W. and Eaton, G.P. (1997) A summary of the correlation and nature of onshore and offshore Quaternary sediments of the Sellafield area. Nirex Science Report, SA/97/003.

Winograd, I.J., Coplen, T.B., Landwehr, J.M. et al. (1992) Continuous 500, 000-year climate record from vein calcite in Devils Hole, Nevada. Science, 258, 255–60.

Wintle, A.G. and Catt, J.A. (1985) Thermo-luminescence dating of Dimlington Stadial deposits in eastern England. Boreas, 14, 231–4.

Woillard, G.M. (1978) Grand Pile peat bog: a continuous pollen record of the last 140, 000 years. Quaternary Research, 9, 1–21.

Woillard, G.M. and Mook, W.G. (1982) Carbon-14 dates at Grand Pile: correlation of land and sea chronologies. Science, 215, 159–161.

Wood, B.L. (1969) Periglacial tor topography in southern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 12, 361–75.

Wood, S.V. and Rome, J.L. (1868) On the glacial and postglacial structure of Lincolnshire and south-east Yorkshire. Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London, 24, 146–84.

Woolacott, D. (1920) On an exposure of sands and gravels containing marine shells at Easington, Co. Durham. Geological Magazine, 57, 307–11.

Woolacott, D. (1921) The interglacial problem and the glacial and postglacial sequence in Northumberland and Durham. Geological Magazine, 58, 21–32, 60–69.

Woolacott, D. (1922) On the 60-ft raised beach at Easington, Co.Durham. Geological Magazine, 59, 64–74.

Wooldridge, S.W. and Linton, D.L. (1939) Structure, Surface and Drainage in South East England, Institute of British Geographers Publication, No 10, G. Philip, London, 124 pp.

Worsley, P (1966) Some Weichselian fossil frost wedges from east Cheshire. Mercian Geologist, 1, 357–65.

Worsley, P (1967a) Problems in naming the Pleistocene deposits of the north-east Cheshire Plain. Mercian Geologist, 2, 51–5.

Worsley, P. (1967b) Some aspects of the Quaternary evolution of the Cheshire Plain and adjacent areas. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Manchester.

Worsley, P (1970) The Cheshire–Shropshire lowlands. In The Glaciations of Wales and Adjoining Regions (ed. C.A. Lewis), Geographies for Advanced Study, Longmans and Co., London, pp. 83–106.

Worsley, P (1975) An appraisal of the glacial Lake Lapworth concept. In Environment, Man and Economic Change: Essays presented to S.H. Beaver (eds A.D.M. Phillips and B.J. Turton), Longmans and Co., London, pp. 98–118.

Worsley, P. (1977) The Cheshire–Shropshire Plain. In Wales and the Cheshire–Shropshire

Lowland (ed. D.Q. Bowen), International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, A8/C8, International Union for Quaternary Research, Birmingham, pp. 5364.

Worsley, P (1978) Chelford. In Field Handbook: Annual Field Meeting 1978 of the Quaternary Research Association (eds E.A. Francis, H. Davies, E. Derbyshire, M.P. Lee and P. Worsley), Quaternary Research Association, Keele, pp. 29–36.

Worsley, P (1980) Problems in radiocarbon dating the Chelford Interstadial of England. In Timescales in Geomorphology (eds R.A. Cullingford, D.A. Davidson and J. Lewin), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 289–304.

Worsley, P (1985) Pleistocene history of the Cheshire–Shropshire plain. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnson), Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 201–21.

Worsley, P. (1991a) Possible early Devensian glacial deposits in the British Isles. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 47–51.

Worsley, P (1991b) Glacial deposits of the lowlands between the Mersey and Severn rivers. In Glacial Deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 203–11.

Worsley, P (1992) A pre-Devensian mammoth tooth from Arclid, Cheshire. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 103, 75–7.

Worsley, P, Coope, G.R., Good, T.R., Holyoak, D.T. and Robinson, J.E. (1983) A Pleistocene succession from beneath Chelford Sands at Oakwood Quarry Chelford, Cheshire. Geological Journal, 18, 307–24.

Wray, D.A. and Cope, F.W. (1948) The Geology of Southport and Formby, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series, HMSO, London, 54 pp.

Wright, C.W. and Wright, E.V. (1933) Some notes on the Holocene deposits at North Ferriby. Naturalist, 920, 210–12.

Wright, J.K. (1968) The stratigraphy of the Callovian rocks between Newtondale and the Scarborough coast, Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 79, 363–99.

Wright, J.K (1977) The Cornbrash Formation (Callovian) in North Yorkshire and Cleveland. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 41, 325–46.

Wright, J.K. (1978). The Callovian succession (excluding Cornbrash) in the western and northern parts of the Yorkshire Basin. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 89, 239–61.

Wright, T. (1860) On the subdivisions of the Inferior Oolite of southern England compared with the equivalent beds of that formation on the Yorkshire coast. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 15, 1–48.

Wright, V.P (1982) The recognition and interpretation of palaeokarsts: two examples from the Lower Carboniferous of South Wales. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 52, 83–94.

Wright, W.B. (1914) The Quaternary Ice Age, Macmillan, London, 464 pp.

Wright, W.B., Sherlock, R.L., Wray, D.A. and Tonks, L.H. (1927) The Geology of the Rosendale Anticline, Memoir (Sheet) of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales) — New Series (76), HMSO, London, 182 pp.

Wymer, J. (1981) The Palaeolithic. In The Environment in British Prehistory (eds I.G. Simmons and M.J. Tooley), Duckworth, London, pp. 49–81.

Wymer, J.J. (1985) The Palaeolithic Sites of East Anglia, Geo Books, Norwich, 440 pp.

Yates, E.M. (1956) The Keele surface and the Upper Trent drainage. East Midland Geographer, 1, 10–22.

Yates, E.M. and Moseley, F. (1958) Glacial lakes and spillways in the vicinity of Madeley, North Staffordshire. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 113, 409–28.

Yates, E.M. and Moseley, F. (1967) A contribution to the glacial geomorphology of the Cheshire Plain. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 42, 107–25.

Yorke, C. (1961) The Pocket Deposits of Derbyshire, Private Publication, Birkenhead, 86 pp.

Young, A. (1961) Characteristic and limiting slope angles. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 5, 126–31.

Younger, P.L. and McHugh, M. (1995) Peat development, sand cones and palaeohydrogeology of a spring-fed mire in East Yorkshire, UK. The Holocene, 5, 59–67.

Zagwijn, W.H. (1974) The Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary in western and southern Europe. Boreas, 3, 75–97.

Zalesiewicz, J.A. and Gibbard, PL. (1988) The Pliocene to early Middle Pleistocene of East Anglia: an overview. In Pliocene–Middle Pleistocene of East Anglia: field guide (eds P.L.Gibbard and J.A. Zalasiewicz), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 1–31.

Zeuner, F.E. (1959) The Pleistocene Period: its climate, chronology and faunal successions, Hutchinson, London, 447 pp.

Zong, Y. (1993) Flandrian sea-level changes and impacts of projected sea-level rise on the coastal lowlands of Morecambe Bay and the Thames Estuary, UK. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Durham.

Zong, Y. and Tooley, M.J. (1996) Holocene sea-level changes and crustal movements in Morecambe Bay, northwest England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 11, 43–58.

References