References

In this reference list the arrangement is alphabetical by author surname for works by sole authors and dual authors. Where there are references that include the first-named author with others, the sole-author works are listed chronologically first, followed by the dual author references (alphabetically) followed by the references with three or more authors listed chronologically. Chronological order is used within each group of identical authors.

Acton, J. and Dyer, C. (1975) Mapping of tidal currents near the Skerries Bank. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 131, 63–7.

Adam, P. (1990) Saltmarsh Ecology, Cambridge Studies in Ecology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 461 pp.

Adlam, W.J. (1961) The origin and source of some of the features of Chesil Beach, Dorset. Southern Geographer, 2, 1–8.

Agar, R. (1960) Postglacial erosion of the North Yorkshire coast from the Tees estuary to Ravenscar. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 32, 409–28.

Al-Bakri, D. (1986) Provenance of the sediments in the Humber estuary and the adjacent coasts, eastern England. Marine Geology, 72, 171–86.

Allan, R.L. (1993) Distribution, geochemistry and geochronology of Sellafield waste in contaminated Solway Firth floodplain deposits. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Glasgow.

Allen, J.R.L. (1987) Dessication of mud in the temperate intertidal zone: studies from the Severn estuary and eastern England. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B315, 127–56.

Allen, J.R.L. (1989) Evolution of salt marsh cliffs in muddy and sandy systems: a qualitative comparison of British west-coast estuaries. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 14, 85–92.

Allen, J.R.L. (1990a) Salt-marsh growth and stratification: a numerical model with special reference to the Severn estuary, southwest Britain. Marine Geology, 95(2), 77–96.

Allen, J.R.L. (1990b) Constraints on measurement of sea level movement from saltmarsh accretion rates. Journal of the Geological Society, 147, 5–7.

Allen, J.R.L. (1990c) The formation of coastal peat marshes under an upward tendency of relative sea level. Journal of the Geological Society, 147, 743–5.

Allen, J.R.L. (1991a) Fine sediment and its sources, Severn estuary and inner Bristol Channel, southwest Britain. Sedimentary Geology, 75, 57–66.

Allen, J.R.L. (1991b) Saltmarsh accretion and sea level movement in the inner Severn estuary, southwest Britain: the archaeological and historical contribution. Journal of the Geological Society, 148, 485–94.

Allen, J.R.L. (1992) Tidally-influenced marshes in the Severn estuary, southwest Britain. In Saltmarshes. Morphodynamics, Conservation and Engineering Significance (eds J.R.L. Allen and K. Pye), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 123–47.

Allen, J.R.L. (1996a) Shoreline movement and vertical textural patterns in salt marsh deposits. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 107, 15–23.

Allen, J.R.L. (1996b) The sequence of early land-claims on the Walland and Romney Marshes, southern Britain: a preliminary hypothesis and some implications. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 107, 271–80.

Allen, J.R.L. and Pye, K. (eds) (1992) Saltmarshes. Morphodynamics, Conservation and Engineering Significance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 184 pp.

Allen, J.R.L and Rae, J.E. (1987) Late Flandrian shoreline oscillations in the Severn estuary: a geomorphological and stratigraphical reconnaissance. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B135, 185–230.

Allen, J.R.L. and Rae, J.E. (1988) Vertical salt-marsh accretion since the Roman Period in the Severn estuary, southwest Britain. Marine Geology, 83, 225–35.

Allen, J.R.L., Friend, P.F., Lloyd, A. and Wells, H. (1994) Morphodynamics of intertidal dunes: a year-long study at Lifeboat Station Bank, Wells-next-the-Sea, Eastern England. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A347(1682), 291–344.

Allison, H. (1989) The sedimentary history of Scolt Head Island. In Blakeney Point and Scolt Head Island (eds H. Allison and J.P. Morley), The National Trust, Blickling, pp. 28–32.

Allison, P.A. and Pye, K. (1994) Early diagenetic mineralization and fossil preservation in modern carbonate concretions. Palaios, 9, 561–75.

Allison, R.J. (1986) Mass movement and coastal cliff development of the Isle of Purbeck, Dorset. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London.

Allison, R.J. (1989) Rates and mechanisms of change in hard rock coastal cliffs. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementband, 73, 125–38.

Allison, R.J. (1990) Landslides of the Dorset Coast, British Geomorphological Research Group Field Guide, British Geomorphological Research Group, London, 125 pp.

Allison, R.J. (ed.) (1992) The Coastal Landforms of West Dorset, Geologists' Association Guide, No. 47, Geologists' Association, London, 134 pp.

Allison, R.J. (ed.) (1999) Dorset Revisited: Position Papers and Research Statements, British Geomorphological Research Group Spring Field Meeting 1999, West Dorset Coastal Research Group, 109 pp.

Allison, R.J. (in press) The Coastal Landforms of East Dorset, Geologists' Association Guide, Geologists' Association, London.

Allison, R.J. and Brunsden, D. (1990) Some mudslide movement patterns. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 15(4), 297–311.

Allison, R.J. and Kimber, O.G. (1998) Modelling failure mechanisms to explain rock slope change along the Isle of Purbeck coast, UK. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 23, 731–50.

Ameen, M.S. (1990) Macrofaulting in the Purbeck–Isle of Wight monocline. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 101, 31–46.

Ameen, M.S. and Cosgrove, J.W. (1990a) Kinematic analysis of the Ballard Fault, Swanage, Dorset. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 101, 119–29.

Ameen, M.S. and Cosgrove, J.W. (1990b) A kinematic analysis of meso-fractures from Studland Bay, Dorset. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 101, 303–14.

Andrews, J. and Chroston, N. (2000) Holocene evolution of the North Norfolk barrier coastline in the Holkham-Blakeney-Cley area. In Norfolk and Suffolk (eds S.G. Lewis, C.A. Whiteman and R.C. Preece), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 131–47.

Andrews, J.E., Boomer, I., Bailiff I.K., Batson, R, Bristow, C., Chroston, R.N., Funnell, B.M., Harwood, G.M., Jones, Maher, B.A. and Shimmield, G. (2000) Sedimentary evolution of the north Norfolk barrier coastline in the context of Holocene sea-level change. In Holocene Land-Ocean Interaction and Environmental Change around the North Sea (eds I. Shennan and J.E. Andrews), Geological Society Special Publication, No. 166, The Geological Society, London, pp. 219–51.

Anglian Water Authority (1980) Improvement of Seawalls of the Dengie Peninsula. Saltings Regeneration — Pilot Scheme. Engineer's Report, ROI 1537, Essex Rivers Division, Anglian Water Authority, Colchester.

Angus, S. (1994) The conservation importance of the machair systems of the Scottish islands, with particular reference to the Outer Hebrides. In The Islands of Scotland: a Living Marine Heritage (eds J.M. Baxter and M.B. Usher), Natural Heritage of Scotland Series, No. 1, HMSO, London, pp. 95–120.

Angus, S. (1997) The Outer Hebrides, Volume 1: the Shaping of the Islands, White Horse Press, Cambridge, 250 pp.

Angus, S. (2001) The Outer Hebrides, Volume 2: Moor and Machair, White Horse Press, Cambridge, 352 pp.

Angus, S. (2002) The definition of machair. Unpublished discussion paper, 2nd Septmber, 2002. Scottish Natural Heritage, Inverness.

Angus, S. and Dargie T. (2002) The UK Machair Habitat Action Plan: progress and problems Botanical Journal of Scotland 54 (1), 63–74.

Angus, S. and Elliott, M.M. (1992) Problems of erosion in Scottish machair with particular reference to the Outer Hebrides. In Coastal Dunes: Geomorphology, Ecology and Management for Conservation: 3rd European Dune Congress (eds R.W.G. Carter, T.G.F. Curtis and M.J. Sheehy-Skeffington), A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 93–112.

Anon. (1887 [written 1799]) Letter dated 9 February 1799. In A Popular Guide to the Geology of the Isle of Wight; with a note on its relation to that of the Isle of Purbeck (ed. M.W. Norman), Knight's Library, Ventnor.

Anthony, E.J. and Dolique, F. (2001) Natural and human influences on the contemporary evolution of gravel shorelines in northern France between the Seine estuary and Belgium. In Ecology and Geomorphology of Coastal Shingle (eds J.R. Packham, R.E. Randall, R.S.K. Barnes and A.S. Neal), Westbury Academic and Scientific Publishing, Otley, pp. 132–48.

Anthony, J.C. (1998) An investigation into the ecological changes on Braunton Burrows Dune system. Unpublished BSc thesis, University of Nottingham.

Arber, E.A.N. (1911) The Coast Scenery of North Devon, Being an Account of the Geological Features of the Coast-Line Extending from Porlock in Somerset to Boscastle in North Cornwall, J.M. Dent, London, 261 pp.

Arber, M.A. (1940) Outline of south-west England in relation to wave attack. Nature, 146 (3688), 27–8.

Arber, M.A. (1941) The coastal landslips of west Dorset. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 52, 273–83.

Arber, M.A. (1949) Cliff profiles of Devon and Cornwall. Geographical Journal, 114, 191–7.

Arber, M.A. (1973) Landslips near Lyme Regis. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 84, 121–33.

Arber, M.A. (1974) The cliffs of north Devon. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 85, 147–57.

Arkell, W.J. (1943) The Pleistocene rocks at Trebetherick Point, Cornwall: their interpretation and correlation. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 54, 141–70.

Arkell, W.J. (1947) The Geology of the Country Around Weymouth, Swanage, Corfe and Lulworth, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, sheets 341–343 with parts of 327, 328 and 329 (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 386 pp.

Arkell, W.J. (1951a) Dorset Geology, 1940–1950. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 72, 176–94.

Arkell, W.J. (1951b) The structure of Spring Bottom Ridge and the origin of the mudslides, Osmington, Dorset. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 62, 21–30.

Arkell, W.J. (1954) The effects of storms on Chesil Beach in November 1954. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 76, 141–5.

Arkell, W.J. (1955) Geological results of the cloudburst in the Weymouth district, 18th July 1955. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 77, 90–7.

Armstone, J.C. (1970) Recreation and conservation in a coastal dune system; a study of East Head, Chichester Harbour. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Salford.

ASH Consulting Group (1994) Coastal Erosion and Tourism in Scotland: a Review of Protection Measures to Combat Coastal Erosion Related to Tourist Activities and Facilities, Scottish Natural Heritage Review, No. 12, Scottish Natural Heritage, Edinburgh, 115 pp.

Ashall, J., Duckworth, J., Holder, C. and Smart, S. (1992) Sand Dune Survey of Great Britain. Site Report No. 122: Newborough Warren and Forest, Ynys Mon, Wales, 1991, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.

Ashall, J., Duckworth, J., Holder, C. and Smart, S. (1995) Sand Dune Survey of Great Britain. Site Report No. 123: Aberffrawm Ynys Mon, Wales, 1991, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.

Ashton, W (1920) The Evolution of a Coastline, W. Ashton and Sons, Southport, 302 pp.

Atkinson, D. and Houston, J.A. (eds) (1993) The Sand Dunes of the Sefton Coast, National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside, Liverpool, 194 pp.

Austen, R.A.C. (1851) On the superficial accumulation of the coasts of the English Channel and the changes they indicate. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 7, 118–36.

Austin, S., Clayton, K., Pitty, A. and Stone, S. (1994) Neotectonics of the British Isles: structural stability during the Pliocene/Quaternary and at the present day. Unpublished Nirex Report, 161 pp.

Baden-Powell, D.F.W. (1930) On the geological evolution of Chesil Bank. Geological Magazine, 67, 499–513.

Salaam, N.D., Levitan, B. and Strater, V. (eds) (1987) Studies in Palaeoeconomy and Environment in South West England, British Archaeological Reports British Series, No. 181, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, 264 pp.

Balchin, W.G.V. (1946) The geomorphology of the north Cornish coast. Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, 17 (6), 317–44.

Balchin, W.G.V. (1954) Cornwall, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 128 pp.

Banham, P.R. (1979) Some effects of the sea-flood at Wells-next-the-Sea, 11th January 1978. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 25, 263–5.

Barber, P.C. and Thomas, R.P. (1989) Case study at Carmarthen Bay. In Coastal Management: Proceedings of the Conference organised by the Institution of Civil Engineers and held at Bournemouth on 941 May 1989, Thomas Telford, London, pp. 243–62.

Barfoot, P.J. and Tucker, J.J. (1980) Geomorphological changes at Blakeney Point, Norfolk. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 25, 49–60.

Barnes, F.A. and King, C.AM. (1951) A preliminary survey at Gibraltar Point, Lincolnshire. Bird Observatory and Field Research Station, Gibraltar Point, Lincolnshire, Report for 1951, 41–59.

Barnes, F.A. and King, C.A.M. (1953) The Lincolnshire coastline and the 1953 storm flood. Geography, 38, 141–60.

Barnes, F.A. and King, C.A.M. (1955) Beach changes in Lincolnshire since the 1953 storm surge. East Midland Geographer, 1, 18–28.

Barnes, F.A. and King, C.A.M. (1957) The spit at Gibraltar Point, Lincolnshire. East Midland Geographer, 1, 22–31.

Barnes, F.A. and King, C.A.M. (1961) Salt marsh development at Gibraltar Point, Lincolnshire. East Midland Geographer, 2, 20–31.

Barnes, R.S.K. (1977) The Coastline, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, 356 pp.

Barnes, R.S.K. (2001) The geomorphology and ecology of the shingle-impounded coastal lagoon systems of Britain. In Ecology and Geomorphology of Coastal Shingle (eds J.R. Packham, R.E. Randall, R.S.K Barnes and A. Neal), Westbury Academic and Scientific Publishing, Odey, pp. 320–35.

Barrow, G. and Flett, J.S. (1906) The Geology of the Isles of Scilly, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, sheets 357 and 360 (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 37 pp.

Barton, M.E. (1990) Stability and recession of the Chalk cliffs at Compton Down, Isle of Wight. In Chalk: Proceedings of the International Chalk Symposium held at Brighton Polytechnic on 4–7 September 1989 (ed. G.P. Birch), Thomas Telford (for the Institution of Civil Engineers), London, pp. 541–4.

Barton, M.E. (1991) The natural evolution of the soft rock cliff at Shanklin, Isle of Wight, and its planning and engineering implications. In Slope Stability Engineering: Developments and Applications. Proceedings of the International Conference on Slope Stability Organized by the Institution of Civil Engineers and held on the Isle of Wight on 1548 April 1991 (ed. R.J. Chandler), Thomas Telford, London, pp. 181–8.

Bartrum, J.A. (1916) High water Rock Platforms: a phase of Shoreline Erosion. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 48, 132–4.

Basa, T., Greensmith, J.T. and Vita-Finzi, C. (1997) The sub-surface Holocene Middle sands of Dungeness. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 108(2), 105–12.

Bascom, W.N. (1954) The control of stream outlets by wave refraction. Journal of Geology, 62, 600–5.

Battarchaya, G. (1967) The recent sedimentation of Blakeney Point, north Norfolk. Unpublished diploma thesis, Imperial College, London.

Bayliss-Smith, T.R, Healey, R., Lailey, R., Spencer, T. and Stoddart, D.R. (1979) Tidal flows in salt-marsh creeks. Estuarine, Coastal and Marine Science, 9, 235–55.

Bcdlington, D.J. (1995) Holocene sea-level changes and crustal movements in north Wales and Wirral. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Durham.

Belderson, R.H. and Stride, A.H. (1969) Tidal currents and sand wave profiles in the northeastern Irish Sea. Nature, 222, 74–5.

Bentley, M. (1995) Whiteness Head, Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

Bentley, M. (1996a) Ayres of Swinister, Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

Bentley, M. (1996b) Invernaver SSSI, Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

Bentley, M. (1996c) Dunnet Links SSSI, Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

Bentley, M. (1996d) St. Ninian's Tombolo SSSI, Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

Benton, M.J., Cook, E. and Turner, P (2002) Permian and Triassic Red Beds and the Penarth Group of Great Britain, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 24, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, 337 pp.

Bickmore, D.P. and Shaw, M.A. (eds) (1963) Atlas of Britain and Northern Ireland, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 234 pp.

Binney, E.W. and Talbot, J.H. (1843) On the petroleum found in the Downholland Moss, near Ormskirk. Paper read at the Fifth Annual General Meeting of the Manchester Geological Society, 6 October, 1843.

Birch, G.P. (1990) Engineering geomorphological mapping for cliff stability. In Chalk: Proceedings of the International Chalk Symposium held at Brighton Polytechnic on 4–7 September 1989 (ed. G.P. Birch), Thomas Telford (for the Institution of Civil Engineers), London, pp. 545–9.

Bird, E.C.F. (1963) Changes at Blakeney Point since 1953. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 9, 502–42

Bird, E.C.F. (1968) Coasts, Australian National University Press, Canberra, 320 pp.

Bird, E.C.F. (1972) The physiography of The Fleet. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 93, 119–24.

Bird, J.B. (1977) Beach changes and recreation planning on the west coast of Barbados. W.I. Geog. Polon, 36, 31–41.

Bird, E.C.F. (1980) Seatown beach. Dorset County Magazine, 89, 1–5.

Bird, E.C.F. (1984) Coasts. An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology, 3rd edn, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 320 pp.

Bird, E.C.F. (1985) Coastline Changes: a Global Review, Wiley-Interscience, Chichester, 220 pp.

Bird, E.C.F. (1987) The effects of quarry waste disposal on beaches on the Lizard Peninsula, Cornwall. Journal of the Trevithick Society, 14, 83–92.

Bird, E.C.F. (1989) The beaches of Lyme Bay. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 111, 91–7.

Bird, E.C.F. (1996) Beach Management, Wiley-Interscience, Chichester, 281 pp.

Bird, E.C.F. (1997) The Shaping of the Isle of Wight; with an Excursion Guide, Ex Libris Press, Bradford on Avon, 176 pp.

Bird, E.C.F. (1998) The Coasts of Cornwall. Scenery and geology with an excursion guide, Alexander Associates, Fowey, 237 pp.

Bird, E.C.F. (2000) Coastal Geomorphology: an Introduction, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, 340 pp.

Bird, E.C.F. and May, V.J. (1976) Shoreline Changes in the British Isles During the Past Century, Division of Geography, Bournemouth College of Technology, 46 pp.

Bird, E.C.F. and Ranwell, D.S. (1964) Spartina salt marshes in southern England. IV The physiography of Poole Harbour, Dorset. Journal of Ecology, 52, 355–66.

Bird, E.C.F. and Rosengren N. J. 1986 Coastal Cliff Management: An Example from Black Rock Point, Melbourne, Australia, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria

Bird, E.C.F. and Schwartz, M.L. (eds) (1985) The World's Coastline, Van Norstrand Rheinhold, New York, 1071 pp.

Birnie, J. (1981) Environmental changes in Shetland since the end of the last glaciation. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Aberdeen.

Bishop, W.W and Coope, R. (1977) Stratigraphical and faunal evidence for Lateglacial and early Flandrian environments in south-west Scotland. In Studies in the Scottish Lateglacial Environment (eds J.M. Gray and J.J. Lowe), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 61–88.

Black, A. and Black, C. (1847) Orkney Islands, Map sheet published by A. and C. Black, Edinburgh.

Black, D.L., Hansom, J.D. and Comber, D.P.M. (1994) Estuaries Management Plans — Coastal Processes and Conservation: Solway Firth. Unpublished report to English Nature, Peterborough, from Coastal Research Group, Department of Geographical and Topographical Science, University of Glasgow, 91 pp + maps.

Black, W.J. (1879) Remarks on the Chesil Bank. Transactions of the Manchester Geological Society, 15, 43–50.

Blackbourn, G.A. (1985) Geological Field Guide to Foula, Britoil Corporate Exploration Stratigraphic Laboratory, Shetland.

Blackbourn, G.A. and Russell, K. (1981) Foula: Field Trip Guide, The British National Oil Corporation, Exploration Division.

Blackley, M.W.L. (1979) Beach changes between Aldeburgh and Southwold, March 1978-May 1979. Sirewell-Dunwich Banks Field Study Topic, Report 3, Institute of Oceanic Studies Science Report, 90, 18 pp.

Blackley, M.W.L., Carr, A.P. and Gleason, R. (1972) Tracer experiments in the Tor-Torridge estuary with particular reference to Braunton Burrows NNR. Unit of Coastal Sedimentation, Report No. 1972/22, Nature Conservancy Council, Taunton, 19 pp.

Bloom, A.L. (1965) Coastal isostatic downwarping by postglacial rise of sealevel. In Abstracts for 1965: abstracts of papers submitted for six meetings with which the Society was associated (Geological Society of America), Geological Society of America Special Paper, No. 82, Geological Society of America, New York, pp. 1–14.

Bloom, A.L. (1967) Pleistocene shorelines: a new test of isostasy. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 78, 1477–94.

Bloom, A.L. (1978) Geomorphology: a Systematic Analysis of Late-Cenozoic Landforms, Prentice-Hall, London, 510 pp.

Bluck, B.J. (1967) Sedimentation of beach gravels: examples from south Wales. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 37, 128–56.

Bond, W.R.G. (1951) Theories as to the origin of Chesil Beach. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 73, 163–70.

Boomer, I. and Woodcock, L. (1999) The nature and origin of the Stiffkey Meals, North Norfolk coast. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Norfolk, 49, 3–13.

Boorman, L.A. (1993) Dry coastal ecosystems of Britain: dunes and shingle beaches. In Dry Coastal Ecosystems: Polar Regions and Europe (ed. E. van der Maarel), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 197–228.

Boorman, L.A. and Fuller, R.M. (1977) Studies of the impact of paths on the dune vegetation at Winterton, Norfolk, England. Biological Conservation, 12, 203–16.

Boorman, L.A. and Ranwell, D.S. (1977) Ecology of Maplin Sands and the Coastal Zones of Suffolk, Essex and North Kent, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Cambridge, 56 pp.

Boorman, L.A., Goss-Custard, J.D. and McGroty, S. (1989) Climate Change, Rising Sea Level and the British Coast, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Research Publication, No. 1, HMSO, London, 24 pp.

Borlase, W. (1755) Letter to the Rev. Charles Lyttleton. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 69, 373–8.

Bourne, W.R.P., Gimingham, C.H., Morgan, N.C. and Britton, R.H. (1973) The Loch of Strathbeg. Nature, 242, 93–5.

Bowden, K.F. (1960) Circulation and mixing in the Mersey Estuary. International Association of Scientific Hydrology: Surface Water, 51, 352–60.

Bowen, A.J. and Inman, D.L. (1969) Rip currents 2, Laboratory and field observation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 74, 5479–90.

Bowen, A.J. and Inman, D.L. (1971) Edge waves and crescentic bars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 76, 8662–71.

Bowen, D.Q. (1970) South-east and central south Wales. In The Glaciations of Wales and Adjoining Regions (ed. C.A. Lewis), Geographies for Advanced Study, Longman, London, pp. 197–228.

Bowen, D.Q. (1974) The Quaternary of Wales. In The Upper Palaeozoic and post-Palaeozoic rocks of Wales (ed. T.R. Owen), University of Wales Press, Cardiff, pp. 373–426.

Bowen, D.Q. (1981a) The South Wales end-moraine': fifty years after. In The Quaternary of Britain (eds J. Neale and J. Flenley), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 60–7.

Bowen, D.Q. (1981b) Sheet 1.3. In National Atlas of Wales (eds H. Carter and H.M. Griffiths), University of Wales Press, Cardiff

Bowen, D.Q. (1984) Introduction, Western Slade and Eastern Slade, Langland Bay, Abermawr, Fishguard-Newport-Cardigan. In Field Guide: Annual Field Meeting April 1984: Wales: Gower, Preseli, Fforest Fawr (eds D.Q. Bowen and A. Henry), Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 1–102.

Bowen, D.Q. and Sykes, G.A. (1988) Correlation of marine events and glaciations on the north-east Atlantic margin. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B318, 619–35.

Bowen, D.Q., Sykes, G.A., Reeves, A., Miller, G.H., Andrews, J.T., Brew, J.S. and Hare, P.E. (1985) Amino acid geochronology of raised beaches in south-west Britain. Quaternary Science Reviews, 4, 279–318.

Brachi, R.A., Collins, K.J. and Roberts, C.D. (1979) A winter survey of semi-enclosed rocky coastline: survey strategy and field techniques, Kimmeridge, Dorset. Progress in Underwater Science, New Series, 4, 37–47.

Bradbury, A. (1996) Western Solent saltmarsh study. In Saltmarsh Management for Flood Defence (eds Sir William Halcrow and Partners), Research Seminar Proceedings November 1995, National Rivers Authority, Bristol, pp. 152–68.

Bradbury, A.P. and Kidd, R. (1998) Hurst Spit stabilisation scheme — design and construction of beach recharge. In Proceedings of the 33rd MAFF Conference of River and Coastal Engineers, Keele University, 1–3 July 1998, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, pp. 1.1.1–1.1.13.

Bradbury, A.P. and Powell, K.A. (1992) Short-term profile response of shingle spits to storm wave action. In Coastal Engineering 1992: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference, October 4–9 1992, Venice, Italy (ed. B.L. Edge), American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 2694–707.

Bray, M.J. (1986) A Geomorphological Investigation of the South-west Dorset Coast: Report to Dorset County Council and West Dorset District Council, Volume 1: Patterns of Sediment Supply, London School of Economics, London, 144 pp.

Bray, M.J. (1990a) A Geomorphological Investigation of the South-west Dorset Coast: Report to Dorset County Council and West Dorset District Council, Volume 2: Patterns of Sediment Transport, London School of Economics, London, 798 pp.

Bray, M.J. (1990b) Landslide and littoral zone sediment transport. In Landslides of the Dorset Coast (ed. R.J. Allison), British Geomorphological Research Group Field Guide, British Geomorphological Research Group, London, pp. 107–17.

Bray, M.J. (1992) Coastal sediment supply and transport. In The Coastal Landforms of West Dorset (ed. R.J. Allison), Geologists' Association Guide, No. 47, Geologists' Association, London, pp. 94–105.

Bray, M.J. (1996) Beach budget analysis and shingle transport dynamics in west Dorset. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London.

Bray, M.J. (1997) Episodic shingle supply and the modified development of Chesil Beach, England. Journal of Coastal Research, 13, 1035–49.

Bray, M.J. (1999) The coastal system of west Dorset. In Dorset Revisited: Position Papers and Research Statements (ed. R.J. Allison), British Geomorphological Research Group Spring Field Meeting 1999, West Dorset Coastal Research Group, pp. 7–16.

Bray, M.J. and Duane, W.J. (2001) Porlock Bay: geomorphological investigation and monitoring. Environment Agency Report, STCG024, 113 pp.

Bray, M.J. and Hooke, J.M. (1997) Prediction of soft-cliff retreat with accelerating sea-level rise. Journal of Coastal Research, 13, 453–67.

Bray, M.J., Carter, D.J. and Hooke, J.M. (1991) Coastal Sediment Transport Study: Report to SCOPAC, Portsmouth Polytechnic, Portsmouth, 5 volumes.

Bray, M.J., Carter, D.J. and Hooke, J.M. (1992) Sea-level Rise and Global Warming: Scenarios, Physical impacts and Policies: Report to SCOPAC, Portsmouth Polytechnic, Portsmouth.

Bray, M.J., Carter, D.J. and Hooke, J.M. (1995) Littoral cell definition and budgets for central south England. Journal of Coastal Research, 11, 381–400.

Braybrooks, E.M. (1957) The general ecology of Spartina townsendii (sic S. anglica) with special reference to sward build-up and degradation. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Southhampton.

Breeds, J. and Rogers, D. (1998) Dune management without grazing — a cautionary tale. Enact: Management for Wildlife, 6, 19–22.

Brewis, P., and Buckley, F., (1928) Notes on prehistoric pottery and a bronze pin from Ross Links, Northumberland. Archaeol Aellana, 4 ser, 5, 13–25

Bridges, M. (1987) Classic Landforms of the Gower Coast, Classic Landform Guides, No. 7, Geographical Association, Sheffield, 48 pp.

Bridges, E.M. (1991) Classic Landforms of the North Norfolk Coast, Classic Landform Guides, No. 12, Geographical Association, Sheffield, 48 pp.

Bridson, R.H. (1980) Saltmarsh — its accretion and erosion at Caerlaverock National Nature Reserve, Dumfries. Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, 55, 60–7.

Briquet, A. (1930) Le littoral du Nord de la France, Librairie Armand Colin, Paris, 439 pp.

Bristow, H.W. and Whitaker, W. (1869) On the formation of the Chesil Bank, Dorset. Geological Magazine, 6, 433–40.

Bristow, C.S. and Bailey, S.D. (2001) Noninvasive investigation of water table and structures in coastal dunes using Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR): implications for dune management. In Coastal Dune Management: Shared Experience of European Conservation Practice (eds J.A. Houston, S.E. Edmondson and P.J. Rooney), Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, pp. 408–17.

Bristow, C.S., Chroston, N.P. and Bailey, S.D. (2000) The structure and development of coastal dunes: insights from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys, Norfolk, England. Sedimentology, 47, 923–44.

Bristow, H.W. (1889) The Geology of the Isle of Wight, 2nd edn (revised and enlarged by C. Reid and A. Strahan), Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, HMSO, London, 138 pp.

BGS 1977 (Cited chap 2

British Geological Survey (1991) Geology of the United Kingdom, Ireland and the adjacent continental shelf, 1:1 000 000 scale map, British Geological Survey, Keyworth.

British Geological Survey (1996) Chapter 2.3: Wind and water. In Coasts and Seas of the United Kingdom. Region 3. North-East Scotland: Cape Wrath to St Cyrus (eds J.H. Bayne, C.F. Robson, S.S. Kasnowska, J.P. Doody and N.C. Davidson), Coastal Directories Series, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, pp. 28–32.

British Geological Survey (1997a) Chapter 2.3: Wind and water. In Coasts and Seas of the United Kingdom. Regions 15 and 16. North- West Scotland: the Western Isles and West Highland (eds J.H. Barne, C.F. Robson, S.S. Kasnowska, J.P. Doody, N.C. Davidson and A.L. Buck), Coastal Directories Series, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, pp. 31–6.

British Geological Survey (1997b) Chapter 2.3: Wind and water. In Coasts and Seas of the United Kingdom. Region 14. South-West Scotland: Ballantrae to Mull (eds J.H. Barne, C.F. Robson, S.S. Kasnowska, J.P. Doody, N.C. Davidson and A.L. Buck), Coastal Directories Series, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, pp. 28–32.

British Geological Survey, and Scott Wilson Resource Consultants (1997a) Chapter 2.3: Wind and water. In Coasts and Seas of the United Kingdom. Region 1. Shetland (eds J.H. Barne, C.F. Robson, S.S. Kasnowska, J.P. Doody, N.C. Davidson and A.L. Buck), Coastal Directories Series, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, pp. 27–30.

British Geological Survey, and Scott Wilson Resource Consultants (1997b) Chapter 2.3: Wind and water. In Coasts and Seas of the United Kingdom. Region 2. Orkney (eds J.H. Barne, C.F. Robson, S.S. Kasnowska, J.P. Doody, N.C. Davidson and A.L. Buck), Coastal Directories Series, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, pp. 26–9.

British Maritime Technology Ltd (1986) Area 11, North Sea. In Global wave statistics (British Maritime Technology Ltd), Unwib, Woking.

Bromhead, E.N., Chandler, M.P. and Hutchinson, J.N. (1991) The recent history and geotech-nics of landslides at Gore Cliff Isle of Wight. In Slope Stability Engineering: Developments and Applications. Proceedings of the International Conference on Slope Stability Organized by the Institution of Civil Engineers and held on the Isle of Wight on 15–18 April 1991 (ed. R.J. Chandler), Thomas Telford, London, pp. 189–96.

Brooks, N.P. (1988) Romney Marsh in the Early Middle Ages. In Romney Marsh: Evolution, Occupation, Reclamation (eds J. Eddison and C. Green), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 24, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 90–104.

Browne, I. (1994) Seismic stratigraphy and relict coastal sediments off the east coast of Australia. Marine Geology, 122, 81–107.

Browne, M.A.E. and Jarvis, J. (1983) Late Devensian marine erosion In St Andrews Bay, east-central Scotland. Quaternary Newsletter, 41, 11–17.

Brunsden, D. (1968) Moving cliffs of Black Ven. Geographical Magazine, 41, 372–4.

Brunsden, D. (1973) The application of system theory to the study of mass-movement. Geologia applicata e idrogeologia, 8, 185–207.

Brunsden, D. (1974) The degradation of a coastal slope, Dorset, England. In Progress in Geomorphology (eds E.H. Brown and R.S. Waters), Institute of British Geographers Special Publication, No. 7, Institute of British Geographers, London, pp. 79–98.

Brunsden, D. (1996) The landslides of the Dorset Coast: some unresolved questions. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 9, 1–7.

Brunsden, D. (1999) Chesil Beach — two ideas. In Dorset Revisited: Position Papers and Research Statements (ed. R.J. Allison), British Geomorphological Research Group Spring Field Meeting 1999, West Dorset Coastal Reasearch Group, pp. 19–21.

Brunsden, D. and Chandler, J.H. (1996) Development of an episodic landform change model based upon the Black Ven mudslide, 1946–1995. In Advances in Hillslope Processes 2 (eds M.G. Anderson and S.M. Brooks), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 869–96.

Brunsden, D. and Goudie, A. (1981) Classic Coastal Landforms of Dorset, Classic Landform Guides, No. 1, Geographical Association, Sheffield, 42 pp.

Brunsden, D. and Goudie, A. (1997a) Classic Landforms of the West Dorset Coast, Classic Landform Guides, Geographical Association, Sheffield, 56 pp.

Brunsden, D. and Goudie, A. (1997b) Classic Landforms of the East Dorset Coast, Classic Landform Guides, Geographical Association, Sheffield, 48 pp.

Brunsden, D. and Jones, D.K.C. (1972) The morphology of degraded landslide slopes in south-west Dorset. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 5, 205–22.

Brunsden, D. and Jones, D.K.C. (1976) The evolution of landslide slopes in Dorset. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A283, 605–31.

Brunsden, D. and Jones, D.K.C. (1980) Relative time scales and formative events in coastal landslide systems. In Coasts under Stress (eds A.R. Orme, D.B. Prior, N.P. Psuty, and H.J. Walker), Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplement band, No. 34, Borntraeger, Berlin, pp. 1–19.

Brunsden, D. and Thornes, J.B. (1979) Landscape sensitivity and change. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 4(4), 463–84.

Brunsden, D., Ibsen, M.L., Lee, M. and Moore, R. (1995) The validity of temporal archive records for geomorphological processes. Quaestiones Geographicae, Special Issue, 4, 79–92.

Brunsden, D., Coombe, K., Goudie, A.S. and Parker, A.G. (1996) The structural geomorphology of the Isle of Portland, southern England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 107, 209–30.

Buchan, G.M. (1976) Dynamics of a river-mouth spit-bar and related processes in Aberdeen Bay. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2 volumes.

Buchan, S. (1931) On dykes in east Aberdeenshire. Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, 12, 323–8.

Burd, F. (1986) Salt marsh survey of Great Britain: Cornwall County Report.

Burd, F. (1989) The Saltmarsh Survey of Great Britain: An Inventory of British Saltmarsbes, Research and Survey in Nature Conservation, No. 17, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, 180 pp.

Burd, F. (1992) Erosion and Vegetation Change in the Saltmarshes of Essex and North Kent, Between 1972 and 1988, Research and Survey in Nature Conservation, No. 42, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, 116 pp.

Burden, R.J. (1997) A hydrological investigation of three Devon sand dune systems: Braunton Burrows, Northam Burrows and Dawlish Warren. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Plymouth.

Burnaby, T.P. (1950) The tubular Chalk stacks of Sheringham. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 61, 226–41.

Burnett, J.H. (1964) The Vegetation of Scotland, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.

Burnham, C.P. (1983) Soil formation on bare shingle at Dungeness, Kent. Seesoil, 1, 42–56.

Burnham, C.P. and Cook, H.F. (2001) Hydrology and soils of coastal shingle with specific reference to Dungeness. In Ecology and Geomorphology of Coastal Shingle (eds J.R. Packham, R.E. Randall, R.S.K. Barnes and A.S. Neal), Westbury Academic and Scientific Publishing, Otley, pp. 107–31.

Burrin, P. (1988) The Holocene floodplain and alluvial deposits of the Rother valley and their bearing on the evolution of Romney Marsh. In Romney Marsh: Evolution, Occupation, Reclamation (eds J. Eddison and C. Green), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 24, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 31–52.

Burrows, A.J. (1884–1885) Romney Marsh, past and present. Transactions of the Survey Institute, 17, 338.

Burton, H.St.J. (1937) The origin of Lulworth Cove. Geological Magazine, 74, 377–83.

Bury, H. (1920) The chines and cliffs of Bournemouth. Geological Magazine, 57, 71–6.

Butler, R.J. (1978) Salt marsh morphology and the evolution of Colne Point in Essex, England. Unpublished PhD thesis, Queen Mary College, University of London.

Butler, R.J., Greensmith, J.T. and Wright, L.W. (1981) Shingle Spits and Salt Marshes in the Colne Point area of Essex, a Geomorphological Study, Occasional Papers in Geography, No. 18, Department of Geography, Queen Mary College, London, 51 pp.

Byrne, J.V. (1964) An erosional classification for the north Oregon coast. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 54, 329–35

Byrne, J.V., Leroy, D.O.S. and Riley, C.M. (1959) The chenier plain and its stratigraphy, southwestern Louisiana. Transactions Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, 9, 237–60.

Calkin, J.B. (1968) Ancient Purbeck. An Account of the Geology of the Isle of Purbeck and its Early Inhabitants, The Friary Press, Dorchester, 61 pp.

Callander, J.G. (1911) Notice of the discovery of two vessels of clay on the Culbin Sands, the first containing wheat and the second from a kitchen midden, with a comparison of the Culbin Sands and Glen Luce Sands and of the relics found on them. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 45, 158–81.

Callow, W.J., Baker, M.J. and Hassan, G.I. (1966) National Physical Laboratory Radiocarbon Measurements: IV. Radiocarbon, 8, 340–7.

Cambers, G. (1973) The retreat of unconsolidated Quaternary cliffs. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of East Anglia.

Cambers, G. (1975) Sediment Transport and Coastal Change. East Anglian Coastal Research Programme, Report 3, University of East Anglia, Norwich, 65 pp.

Cambers, G. (1976) Temporal scales in coastal erosion systems. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 1 (2), 246–56.

Campbell, S. (1984) The nature and origin of the Pleistocene deposits around Cross Hands and on west Gower, South Wales. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Wales.

Campbell, S. (1998) Westward Ho! In Quaternary of South-West England (S. Campbell, C.O. Hunt, J.D. Scourse and D.H. Keen), Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 14, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, pp. 224–33.

Campbell, S. and Bowen, D.Q. (1989) Quaternary of Wales, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 2, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, 237 pp.

Campbell, S. and Gilbert, A. (1998) The Croyde-Saunton Coast. In Quaternary of South-West England (S. Campbell, C.O. Hunt, J.D. Scourse and D.H. Keen), Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 14, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, pp. 214–24.

Campbell, S., Hunt, C.O., Scourse, J.D. and Keen, D.H. (1998) Quaternary of South-West England, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 14, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, 439 pp.

Canning, A.D. and Maxted, K.R. (1979) Coastal Studies in Purbeck, Purbeck Press, Swanage, 86 pp.

Carey, A.E. and Oliver, F.W. (1918) Tidal Lands. A Study of Shore Problems, Blackie, London, 284 pp.

Carling, P.A. (1981) Sediment transport by tidal currents and waves: observations from a sandy intertidal zone (Burry Inlet, south Wales). In Holocene Marine Sedimentation in the North Sea Basin (eds S.D. Nio, R.T.E. Schuttenhelm and T.C.E. Van Weering), International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication, No. 5, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 65–80.

Carling, P.A. (1982) Temporal and spatial variation in intertidal sedimentation rates. Sedimentology, 29, 17–23.

Carr, A.P. (1962) Cartographical error and historical accuracy. Geography, 47, 135–44.

Carr, A.P. (1965) Shingle spit and river mouth: short term dynamics. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36, 117–29.

Carr, A.P. (1967) The London Clay surface in part of Suffolk. Geological Magazine, 104, 574–84.

Carr, A.P. (1969a) Size grading along a pebble beach: Chesil Beach, England. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 39, 297–311.

Carr, A.P. (1969b) The growth of Orford Spit: cartographic and historical evidence from the sixteenth century. Geographical Journal, 135, 28–39.

Carr, A.P. (1970) The evolution of Orfordness, Suffolk, before 1600 AD: geomorphological evidence. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Neue Folge, 14, 289–300.

Carr, A.P. (1971a) Experiments on longshore transport and sorting of pebbles: Chesil Beach, England. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 41, 1084–104.

Carr, A.P. (1971b) South Haven Peninsula: physiographic changes in the twentieth century. In Captain Cyril Diver, a Memoir (ed. P. Merrett), Nature Conservancy Council, Furzebrook Research Station, pp. 32–8.

Carr, A.P. (1971c) Orford, Suffolk: further data on the Quaternary evolution of the area. Geological Magazine, 108, 311–16.

Carr, A.P. (1972) Aspects of spit development and decay: the estuary of the River Ore, Suffolk. Field Studies, 4, 633–53.

Carr, A.P. (1973) Present-day beach process studies and the evolution of the coastline near Orford, Suffolk. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London, 325 pp.

Carr, A.P. (1974) Differential movement of coarse sediment particles. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 1974, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 851–67.

Carr, A.P. (1979) Longterm changes in the coastline and offshore banks. Sizewell-Dunwich Banks Field Study Topic, Report 2, Institute of Oceanic Studies Science Report, 89.

Carr, A.P. (1980) Chesil beach and the adjacent area: outline of existing data and suggestions for future research. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Report to Dorset County Council and Wessex Water Authority 21 pp.

Carr, A.R. (1981) Evidence for the sediment circulation along the coast of East Anglia. Marine Geology, 40, M9-M22.

Carr, A.P. (1983a) Chesil Beach: environmental, economic and sociological pressures. Geographical Journal, 149, 53–62.

Carr, A.P. (1983b) Shingle beaches: aspects of their structure and stability. In Shoreline Protection: Proceedings of a Conference Organized by the Instituion of Civil Engineers and held at the University of Southampton on 14–15 September 1982 (eds Institution of Civil Engineers), Thomas Telford, London, pp. 97–104.

Carr, A.P. (1986) The estuary of the River Ore, Suffolk: three decades of change in a longer-term context. Field Studies, 6, 43–58.

Carr, A.P. (1999) Chesil Beach and the Fleet. In Dorset Revisited: Position Papers and Research Statements (ed. R.J. Allison), British Geomorphological Research Group Spring Field Meeting 1999, West Dorset Coastal Research Group, pp. 17–18.

Carr, A.P. and Baker, R.E. (1968) Orford, Suffolk: evidence for the evolution of the area during the Quaternary. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 45, 107–23.

Carr, A.R. and Blackley, M.W.L. (1969) Geological composition of the pebbles of Chesil Beach, Dorset. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 90, 133–40.

Carr, A.P. and Blackley, M.W.L. (1973) Investigations bearing on the age and development of Chesil Beach, Dorset, and the associated area. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 58, 99–111.

Carr, A.P. and Blackley, M.W.L. (1974a) A statistical analysis of the beach metaquartzite clasts from Budleigh Salterton, Devon. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 1974, American Society of Civil Engineers,' New York, pp. 302–13.

Carr, A.P. and Blackley, M.W.L. (1974b) Ideas on the origin and development of Chesil Beach, Dorset. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 95, 1–9.

Carr, A.P. and Blackley, M.W.L. (1975) A statistical analysis of the beach metaquartzite clasts from Budleigh Salterton, Devon. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 3, 302–15.

Carr, A.P. and Gleason, R. (1972) Chesil Beach, Dorset, and the cartographic evidence of Sir John Coode. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 93, 125–31.

Carr, A.P. and Graff, J. (1982) The tidal immersion factor and shore platform development: discussion. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 7 (2), 240–5.

Carr, A.P. and Seaward, D.R. (1990) Chesil Beach: changes in crest height 1969–1990. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 112, 109–12.

Carr, A.P. and Seaward, D.R. (1991) Chesil Beach: landward recession 1965–1990. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 113, 157–60.

Carr, A.P., Gleason, R. and King, A.C. (1970) Significance of pebble size and shape in sorting by waves. Sedimentary Geology, 4, 89–101.

Carr, A.P., Blackley, M.W.L. and King, H.L. (1982) Spatial and seasonal aspects of beach stability. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 7, 267–82.

Carruthers, R.G., Dinham, C.H., Burnett, G.A. and Maden, J. (1927) The Geology of Belford, Holy Island, and the Farne Islands, 2nd edn, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Sheet 4 (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 195 pp.

Carson, M.A. and Kirkby, M.J. (1972) Hillslope Form and Process, Cambridge Geographical Studies, No. 3, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 475 pp.

Carter, R.W.G. (1982) Recent variations in sea-level on the north and east coasts of Ireland and associated shoreline response. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Section B, 82, 177–87.

Carter, R.W.G. (1985) Approaches to sand dune conservation in Ireland. In Sand Dunes and their Management (ed. J.P. Doody), Focus on Nature Conservation, No. 13, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, pp. 29–41.

Carter, R.W.G. (1988) Coastal Environments: an Introduction to the Physical, Ecological and Cultural Systems of Coastlines, Academic Press, London, 617 pp.

Carter, R.W.G. (1990) Moth Dinlle. Unpublished report to the Countryside Council for Wales.

Carter, R.W.G. (1992) How the British coast works: inherited and acquired controls. In Conserving Our Landscape: Proceedings of the Conference 'Conserving Our Landscape, Evolving Landforms and Ice-Age Heritage', Crewe, May 1992 (eds C. Stevens, J.E. Gordon, C.P. Green and M.G. Macklin), English Nature, Peterborough, pp. 63–8.

Carter, D.J.T. and Draper, L. (1988) Has the North-east Atlantic become rougher? Nature, 332, 494.

Carter, R.W.G. and Orford, J.D. (1981) Overwash processes along a gravel beach in southeast Ireland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 6, 413–26.

Carter, R.W.G. and Orford, J.D. (1984) Coarse clastic barrier beaches: a discussion of the distinctive dynamic and morphosedimentary characteristics. Marine Geology, 60, 377–89.

Carter, R.W.G. and Orford, J.D. (1988) Conceptual model of coarse clastic barrier formation from multiple sediment sources. Geographical Review, 78, 221–39.

Carter, R.W.G. and Orford, J.D. (1993) The mor-phodynamics of coarse elastic beaches and barriers: a short- and long-term perspective. In Beach and surf zone morphodynamics (ed. A.D. Short), Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue, No. 15, Coastal Education and Research Foundation (CERF), Fort Lauderdale, pp. 158–70.

Carter, R.W.G., Johnston, T.W. and Orford, J.D. (1984) Stream outlets through mixed sand and gravel coastal barriers; examples from southeast Ireland. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Neue Folge, 28 (4) 427–42.

Carter, R.W.G., Johnston, T.W., McKenna, J. and Orford, J. (1987) Sea level, sediment supply and coastal changes: examples from the coast of Ireland. Progress in Oceanography, 18, 79–101.

Carter, R.W.G., Forbes, D.L., Jennings, S.C., Orford, J.D., Shaw, J. and Taylor, R.B. (1989) Barrier and lagoon coast evolution under differing relative sea-level regimes: examples from Ireland and Nova Scotia. Marine Geology, 88, 221–42.

Castleden, R. (1982) Classic Landforms of the Sussex Coast, Classic Landform Guides, No. 2, Geographical Association, Sheffield, 39 pp.

Caton, P.G. (1976) Maps of Hourly Wind Speed over the United Kingdom 1965–1973, Climatological Memorandum, No. 79, Meteorological Office, Bracknell, 4 pp.

Catt, J.A. (1977) Yorkshire and Lincolnshire: Guidebook for Excursion, International Union for Quaternary Research, C7, International Union for Quaternary Research, Birmingham, 56 pp.

Catt, J.A. and Penny, L.F. (1966) The Pleistocene deposits of Holderness, East Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 35, 375–400.

Chandler, J.H. and Brunsden, D. (1995) Steady state behaviour of the Black Ven mudslide: the application of archival analytical photogrammetry to studies of landform change. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 20, 255–75.

Chandler, R.J. (1991) (ed.) Slope Stability Engineering: Developments and Applications. Proceedings of the International Conference on Slope Stability Organized by the Institution of Civil Engineers and held on the Isle of Wight on 15–18 April 1991, Thomas Telford, London, 443 pp.

Chapman, V.J. (1938) Studies in salt marsh ecology. Journal of Ecology, 26, 144–79.

Chapman, V.J. (1939) Scolt Head Part 2. Marsh development in Norfolk. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 14, 395–7.

Chapman, V.J. (1959) Studies in salt marsh ecology IX. Changes in salt marsh vegetation at Scolt Head Island. Journal of Ecology, 47, 619–39.

Chapman, V.J. (ed.) (1977) Wet Coastal Ecosystems, Ecosystems of the World, No. 1, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 428 pp.

Chastain, C. (1976) Hydrodynamic process and sea diff/platform erosion, Favourite Channel, Alaska. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz.

Chisholm, N.W.T. (1996) Morphological changes at Braunton Burrows, north-west Devon. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 9, 25–30.

Chorley, R.J., Schumm, S.A. and Sugden, D.E. (1984) Geomorphology, Methuen, London and New York, 607 pp.

Chroston, R.N., Jones, R. and Makin, B. (1999) Geometry of Quaternary sediments along the north Norfolk coast, UK: a shallow seismic study. Geological Magazine, 136, 465–74.

Churchill, D.M. (1965) The displacement of deposits formed at sea-level 6, 500 years ago in southern Britain. Quaternaria, 7, 239–57.

Churchill, D.M. and Wymer, J.J. (1985) The kitchen midden site at Westward Ho!, Devon, England: ecology, age and relation to changes in land and sea level. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 31, 74–84.

Clark, M.J. (1974) Conflict at the coast. Geography, 59, 93–103.

Clark, M.J. and Small, R.J. (1967) An investigation into the feasibility of the scabcd movement of shingle in Christchurch Bay. Coastal Research Report, No. 1, Department of Geography, University of Southampton.

Clark, A.R., Palmer, J.S., Firth, T. and McIntyre, G. (1993) The management and stabilisation of weak sandstone cliffs at Shanklin, Isle of Wight. In The Engineering Geology of Weak Rock: proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference of the Engineering Group of the Geological Society, Leeds, United Kingdom, 9–13 September 1990 (eds J.C. Cripps et al.), Engineering Geology Special Publication, No. 8, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 375–84.

Clark, R. (1936) Holkham Camp. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 2, 231–3.

Clark, R. (1939) The Iron Age in Norfolk and Suffolk. Archaeological Journal, 96, 1–113.

Clarke, R.H. (1970) Quaternary sediments off south-east Devon. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 129, 277–318.

Clayden, A.W. (1906) History of Devonshire Scenery, Chatto and Windus, London, 202 pp.

Clayton, K.M. (ed.) (1964) A Bibliography of British Geomorphology, George Philip, London, 211 pp.

Clayton, K.M. (1980) Beach sediment budgets and coastal modification. Progress in Physical Geography, 4, 471–86.

Clayton, K.M. (1989a) Implications of climatic change. In Coastal Management. Proceedings of the Conference organised by the Institution of Civil Engineers and held at Bournemouth on 9–11 May 1989, Institution of Civil Engineers, Thomas Telford, London, pp. 165–76.

Clayton, K.M. (1989b) Sediment input from the Norfolk cliffs, eastern England — a century of coast protection and its effect. Journal of Coastal Research, 5, 433–42.

Clayton, K.M. (1992) Coastal Geomorphology, 2nd edn, Nelson, Walton-on-Thames, 72 pp.

Clayton, K.M. (1998) Neotectonics of the British Isles: the Geomorphological Evidence for Tectonic Activity in the Last Five Million Years. Nirex Safety Studies Report (NSS/R Series), NSS 8236, Nirex, Harwell, 133 pp.

Clayton, K. and Shamoon, N. (1998) A new approach to the relief of Great Britain — II. A classification of rocks based on relative resistance to denudation. Geomorphology, 25, 155–71.

Clayton, K. and Shamoon, N. (1999) A new approach to the relief of Great Britain — III. Derivation of the contribution of neotectonic movements and exceptional regional denudation to the present relief. Geomorphology, 27, 173–89.

Clayton, K.M., McCave, I.N. and Vincent, C.E. (1983) The establishment of a sand budget for the East Anglian coast and its implications for coastal stability. In Shoreline Protection: Proceedings of a Conference Organized by the Instituion of Civil Engineers and held at the University of Southampton on 14–15 September 1982 (eds Institution of Civil Engineers), Thomas Telford, London, pp. 91–6.

Clements, M. (1994) The Scarborough exerience — Holbeck landslide, 3/4 June 1993. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Municipal Engineers, 103, 63–70.

Clough, C.T., Barrow, G., Crampton, C.B., Maufe, H.B., Bailey, E.B. and Anderson, E.M. (1910) The Geology of East Lothian, Including Parts of the Counties of Edinburgh and Berwick, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Sheet 33, with parts of 34 and 31 (Scotland), HMSO, Edinburgh, 226 pp.

Cobb, R.T. (1957) Shingle Street, Suffolk. Report of the Field Studies Council, 1956–57, 31–42.

Cockburn, A.M. (1935) The geology of St Kilda. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 58, 511–47.

Codrington, T. (1870) Some remarks on the formation of Chesil Bank. Geological Magazine, 7, 23–5.

Colenutt, G.C. (1928) The cliff-founder and landslide at Gore Cliff, Isle of Wight. Proceedings of the Isle of Wight Natural History and Archaeological Society, 1, 561–70.

Colquhon, R.S. (1969) Dune erosion and protective works at Pendine, Carmarthenshire, 1961–68. In Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Coastal Engineering, London, England, September 1968, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 708–18.

Comber, D.P.M. (1993) Shoreline response to relative sea level change: Culbin Sands, northeast Scotland. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Glasgow.

Comber, D.P.M. (1995) Scottish Landform Example — 11. Culbin Sands and the Bar. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 111(1), 54–7.

Comber, D.P.M., Hansom, J.D. and Fahy, F.M. (1993) Taw–Torridge Estuary: Coastal Processes and Conservation. Report by the Coastal Research Group, University of Glasgow for English Nature, Peterborough, 61 pp.

Comber, D.P.M., Hansom, J.D. and Fahy, F.M. (1994) Culbin Sands, Culbin Forest and Findhorn Bay SSSI: Documentation and Management Prescription. Scottish Natural Heritage Research, Survey and Monitoring Report, No. 14, 98 pp.

Conway, B.W. (1974) The Black Ven landslip, Charmouth, Dorset. Report of the Institute of Geological Sciences, 7⁴/_{3, 1}6 pp.

Conway, B.W. (1979) The contribution made to cliff instability by head deposits in the west Dorset coastal area. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 12, 267–79.

Coode, J. (1853) Description of the Chesil Bank, with remarks upon its origin, the causes which have contributed to its formation and upon the movement of shingle generally (including appendices). Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 12, 520–46.

Cooke, W. (1808) A New Picture of the Isle of Wight, to which are Prefixed, an Introductory Account of the Island and a Voyage round its Coast, Vernor, Hood and Sharpe, London, 169 pp.

Coombe, E.D.K. (1996) Implications of an investigation by coring into the sediments of the Fleet Lagoon, Chesil Beach, Dorset, England. Unpublished Dphil thesis, Oxford University.

Coombe, E.D.K., Bruce, A.S., Goudie, A.S., Juggins, S., Parker, A.G. and Whittaker, J.E. (in press) The evolution of the Fleet lagoon, Dorset, southern England, during the last c. 6000 years; preliminary evidence from a multidisciplinary study.

Cooper, L.H.N. (1948) A submerged ancient cliff near Plymouth. Nature, 161, 280.

Cooper, R. (in press) Mass Movements in Great Britain, Geological Conservation Review Series, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.

Cope, F.W. (1939) Oil occurrences in south-west Lancashire (with a biological report by Kathleen B. Blackburn). Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, 2, 18–25.

Cornish, V (1898a) On sea beaches and sandbanks. Geographical Journal, 11, 528–43 and 628–51.

Cornish, V (1898b) On the grading of the Chesil Beach shingle. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club, 19, 113–21.

Cornish, V. (1912) Ocean waves, sea-beaches and sandbanks. Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, 60, 1105–10 and 1121–6.

Cottingham, A.M. (1994) Water table and afforestation of the Newborough dune system. Unpublished BSc thesis, University of Wales, Bangor.

Cotton, C.A. (1941) Landscape as Developed by the Processes of Normal Erosion, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 301 pp.

Cotton, CA. (1951) Atlantic gulfs, estuaries and cliffs. Geological Magazine, 88, 113–28.

Cox, B.M. and Gallois, R.W. (1981) The stratigraphy of the Kimmeridge Clay of the Dorset type area and its correlation with some other Kimmeridgian sequences. Report of the Institute of Geological Sciences, 80/4, 44 pp.

Craig, G. (1888) The Culbin sandhills. Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, 5, 524–31.

Craig-Smith, S.J. (1971a) Report on the behaviour of 14 selected beach sections during the 8 months January to June 1971. East Anglian Coastal Study, Report 1, University of East Anglia, Norwich, 27 pp.

Craig-Smith, S.J. (1971b) The changing system. East Anglian Coastal Study, Report 3, University of East Anglia, Norwich, 68 pp.

Craig-Smith, S.J. (1973) Sediment characteristics within the coastal-offshore system. East Anglian Coastal Study, Report 4, University of East Anglia, Norwich, 65 pp.

Crampton, C.B. and Carruthers, R.G. (1914) The Geology of Caithness, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, sheets 110 and 116 with parts of 109, 115 and 117 (Scotland), HMSO, Edinburgh, 194 pp.

Crawford, R.M.M. and Wishart, D. (1966) A multivariate analysis of the development of dune slack vegetation in relation to coastal accretion at Tentsmuir, Fife. Journal of Ecology, 54, 729–43.

Cunliffe, B.W. (1980) The evolution of Romney Marsh: a preliminary statement. In Archaeology and Coastal Change (ed. F.H. Thompson), Society of Antiquaries of London Occasional Papers, New Series, No. 1, Society of Antiquaries of London, London, pp. 37–55.

Cunliffe, B.W. (1988) Romney Marsh in the Roman Period. In Romney Marsh: Evolution, Occupation, Reclamation (eds J. Eddison and C. Green), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 24, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 83–7.

Currie, A. (1974) The Vegetation of the Shingle Spit at Whiteness Head, Inverness, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough.

Daley, B. and Balson, P. (1999) British Tertiary Stratigraphy, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 15, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, 388 pp.

Damon, R. (1884) Geology of Weymouth, Portland, and the Coast of Devonshire, from Swanage to Bridport-on-the-sea: with Natural History and Archaeological Notes, New and enlarged edition, E. Stanford,London, 250 pp.

Darbyshire, J. (1982) An Investigation of Beach Cusps in Hell's Mouth Bay. Paper read to the British Geomorphological Research Group Small-Scale Coastal Processes Conference, Polytechnic of Wales, Pontypridd.

Darbyshire, M. (1958) Waves in the Irish Sea. The Dock and Harbour Authority, 39, 245–8.

Dargie, T.C.D. (1989) Morrich More S.S.S.I., Ross and Cromarty. Vegetation Survey 1988. Nature Conservancy Council CSD Report, No. 915, 126 pp + maps.

Dargie, T.C.D. (1994) Sand dune vegetation of Scotland: Sandwood Bay (Southern Parphe SSSI), Sutherland. Unpublished Sand Dune Survey report to Scottish Natural Heritage, Edinburgh.

Dargie, T.C.D. (1998) Sand dune vegetation of Scotland: Western Isles. Scottish Natural Heritage Research, Survey and Monitoring Report, No. 96, 3 volumes.

Dargie, T.C.D. (2000) Sand Dune Vegetation Survey of Scotland, Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. F97AA401, SNH, Edinburgh, 193pp.

Darton, D.M., Dingwall, R.G. and McCann, D.M. (1981) Geological and geophysical investigations in Lyme Bay. Report of the Institute of Geological Sciences, 79/10.

Darwin, C. (1842) On the Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs: Being the First Part of the Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle, Under the Command of Capt. Fitzroy, R.N. During the Years 1832 to 1836, Smith, Elder and Co., London, 214 pp.

Davidson-Arnott, R.G.D. (1986) Rates of erosion of till in the nearshore zone. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 11, 53–8.

Davies, C.M. (1983) Pleistocene rockhead surfaces underlying Barnstaple Bay (SW England). Marine Geology, 54, M9-M16.

Davies. G.M. (1935) The Dorset Coast: a Geological Guide, Murby and Co., London, 126 pp.

Davies, G.M. (1956) The Dorset Coast: a Geological Guide, 2nd edn, A. and C. Black, London, 128 pp.

Davies, J. (1997) A sediment budget model of the southwest coast of the Isle of Wight. Unpublished BSc thesis, Bournemouth University.

Davies, J.L. (1958) Wave refraction and the evolution of shoreline curves. Geographical Studies, 5, 1–14.

Davies, J.L. (1972) Geographical Variation in Coastal Development, Geomorphology Texts, No. 4, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 204 pp.

Davies, J.L. (1980) Geographical Variation in Coastal Development, 2nd edn, Geomorphology Texts, No. 4, Longman, London, 212 pp.

Davies, R and Williams, A.T. (1986) Cave development in Lower Lias coastal cliffs, the Glamorgan Heritage Coast, Wales, UK. In Proceedings of the Iceland Coastal and River Symposium (ed. G. Sigbjarnarson), National Energy Authority Reykjavik, pp. 75–92.

Davies, P, Williams, A.T. and Bomboe, P. (1991) Numerical modelling of Lower Lias rock failures in the coastal cliffs of south Wales, UK. In Coastal Sediments '91: Proceedings of a Speciality Conference on Quantitative Approaches to Coastal Processes, Seattle, Washington, June 25–27 1991 (eds N.C. Kraus, K.J. Gingerich and D.L. Briebel), American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 1599–612.

Davies, W. (1963) Recent sediments of the Gibraltar Point area, Lincolnshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, Imperial College, London.

Davis, WM. (1912) A geographical pilgrimage from Ireland to Italy. Association of American Geographers Annals, 2, 73–100.

Dawson, A.G. (1979) Raised shorelines of Jura, Scarba and northeast Islay. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.

Dawson, A.G. (1980a) The low rock platform in western Scotland. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 91, 339–44.

Dawson, A.G. (1980b) Shore erosion by frost: an example from the Scottish Lateglacial. In Studies in the Lateglacial of North-West Europe: Including Papers Presented at a Symposium of the Quaternary Research Association held in University College London, January 1979 (eds J.J. Lowe, J.M. Gray and J.E. Robinson), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 45–53.

Dawson, A.G. (1982) Lateglacial sea-level changes and ice limits in Islay, Jura and Scarba, Scottish Inner Hebrides. Scottish Journal of Geology, 18 (4), 253–66.

Dawson A.G. (1983) Islay and Jura, Scottish Hebrides, Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, 29 pp.

Dawson, A.G. (1984) Quaternary sea-level changes in western Scotland. Quaternary Science Reviews, 3 (4), 345–68.

Dawson, A.G. (1991) Scottish landform examples — 3. The raised shorelines of northern Islay and western Jura. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 107 (3), 207–12.

Dawson, A.G. (1993) West coast of Jura, Inner Hebrides. In Quaternary of Scotland (eds D.G. Sutherland and J.E. Gordon), Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 4, Chapman and Hall, London, 382–8.

Dawson, A.G. and Dawson, S. (1997) Holocene relative sea-level changes, Gruinart, Isle of Islay. In Isla and Jura (eds A.G. Dawson and S. Dawson), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 78–98.

Dawson, A.G., Mathews, J.A. and Shakesby, R.A. (1987) Rock platform erosion on periglacial shores: a modern analogue for Pleistocene rock platforms in Britain. In Periglacial Processes and Landforms in Britain and Ireland (ed. J. Boardman), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 173–82.

Dawson, A., Benn, D.I. and Dawson, S. (1997) Late Quaternary glaciomarine sedimentation in the Rhinns of Islay, Scottish Inner Hebrides. In Islay and Jura (eds A.G. Dawson and S. Dawson), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 66–77.

Dawson, A.G., Smith, D.E. and Dawson, S. (2001) Potential impacts of climate change on sea levels around Scotland. Scottish Natural Heritage Research, Survey and Monitoring Report, No. 178.

de Boer, G. (1963) Spurn Point and its predecessors. The Naturalist, 1963, 113–20.

de Boer, G. (1964) Spurn Head: its history and evolution. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 34, 71–89.

de Boer, G. (1967) Cycles of change at Spurn Head, Yorkshire, England. Shore and Beach, 35, 13–20.

de Boer, G. (1968) A history of the Spurn lighthouses. East Yorkshire Local History Series, 24, 72 pp.

de Boer, G. (1969) The historical variations of Spurn Head: the evidence of early maps. Geographical Journal, 135, 17–27.

de Boer, G. (1973) The two earliest maps of Hull. Post-Medieval Archaeology, 7, 79–87.

de Boer, G. (1981) Spurn Point: erosion and protection after 1849. In The Quaternary in Britain (eds J. Neale and J. Flenley), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 206–15.

de Boer, G. and Carr, A.P. (1969) Early maps as evidence for coastal changes. Geographical Journal, 135, 17–39.

de Boer, G. and Skelton, D.A. (1969) The earliest English chart with soundings. Imago Mundi, 23, 9–16.

de la Beche, H.T. (1830) Notes on the formation of extensive conglomerate and gravel deposits. Philosophical Magazine, Series 2, 7, 161–71.

de la Beche, H.T. (1839) Report on the Geology of Cornwall, Devon and West Somerset, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 624 pp.

de Luc, J.A. (1811) Geological Pavels, Volume 2, F.C. and J. Rivington, London.

de Martonne, E. (1913) Traité de Géographie Physique, Librairie Armand Colin, Paris, 922 pp.

de Moor, G. (1979) Recent beach evolution along the Belgian North Sea coast. Bulletin Société Belge de Géologie, 88, 143–57.

de Rance, C.E. (1869) The Geology of the Country between Liverpool and Southport, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Sheet 90SE (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 9 pp.

de Rance, C.E. (1872) The Geology of the Country around Southport, Lytbam and South Shore, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Sheet 90NE (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 15 pp.

de Rance, C.E. (1877) The Superficial Geology of the Country adjoining the Coasts of Southwest Lancashire, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, sheets 90 and 91SW and parts of 89NW and SW 79NE and 91SE, (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 139 pp.

de Rance, C.E. (1878) Geology of the Country around Preston, Blackburn and Burnley, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Sheet 89NW (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 15 pp.

Denness, B. (1972) The reservoir principle of mass-movement. Report of the Institute of Geological Sciences, 72/7, 13 pp.

Denness, B., Conway, B.W., McCann, D.M. and Grainger, P. (1975) Investigation of a coastal landslip at Charmouth, Dorset. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 8, 119–40. Derbyshire, E. (1976) Geomorphology and Climate, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, London, 512 pp.

Deshmukh, I.J. (1974) Fixation, accumulation and release of energy by Ammophila armada, Tentsmuir. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Dundee.

Devoy, R.J.N. (1982) Analysis of the geological evidence for Holocene sea-level movements in south-east England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 93, 65–90.

Dewey, H. (1909) On overthrusts at Tintagel (North Cornwall). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 65, 265.

Dewey, H. (1914) The geology of north Cornwall. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 25, 154–79.

Diver, C. (1933) The physiography of the South Haven Peninsula, Studland Heath, Dorset. Geographical Journal, 81, 404–27.

Dix, J., Long, A. and Cooke, R. (1998) The evolution of Rye Bay and Dungeness Foreland: the offshore seismic record. In Romney Marsh: Environmental Change and Human Occupation in a Coastal Lowland (eds J. Eddison, M. Gardiner and A. Long), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 46, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 1–12.

Dixon, E.E.L., Maden, J., Trotter, F.M., Hollingworth, S.E. and Tonics, L.H. (1926) The Geology of the Carlisle, Longtown and Silloth District, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, sheets 11, 16 and 17 (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 118 pp.

Dixon, N. and Bromhead, N.E. (1991) The mechanics of first-time slides in the London Clay Cliffs at the Isle of Sheppey, England. In Slope Stability Engineering: Developments and Applications. Proceedings of the International Conference on Slope Stability Organized by the Institution of Civil Engineers and held on the Isle of Wight on 1548 April1991 (ed. R.J. Chandler), Thomas Telford, London, pp. 277–82.

Dobson, R.S. (1967) Some applications of a digital computer to hydraulic engineering problems. Technical Report, No. 80, Department of Civil Engineering, Stanford University California.

Donovan, D.T. and Stride, A.H. (1961) An acoustic survey of the sea floor south of Dorset and its geological interpretation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B244, 299–330.

Donovan, D.T. and Stride, A.H. (1975) Three drowned coastlines of probable Tertiary age around Devon and Cornwall. Marine Geology, 19, 35–40.

Doody, J.P (ed.) (1984) Spartina anglica in Great Britain, Focus on Nature Conservation, No. 5, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough.

Doody, J.P. (ed.) (1985) Sand Dunes and their Management, Focus on Nature Conservation, No. 13, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, 263 pp.

Doody, J.P. (1987) The impact of 'reclamation' on the natural environment of the Wash. In The Wash and its Environment (eds J.P. Doody and B. Barnett), Focus on Nature Conservation, No. 5, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, pp. 165–72.

Doody, J.P. (1989) Management for nature conservation. In Coastal Sand Dunes: Proceedings of the Symposium organised by the Royal Society of Edinburgh and held at 22, 24 George Street, Edinburgh, 1749 May 1989 (eds C.H. Gimingham, W Ritchie, B.B. Willetts and A.J. Willis), Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 96B, pp. 247–65.

Doody, J.P. (1990) Spartina — friend or foe? A conservation viewpoint. In Spartina anglica a research review (eds A.J. Gray and P.E.M. Benham), Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Research Publication, No. 2, HMSO, London, pp. 77–9.

Doody, J.P. (1992) The conservation of British saltmarshes. In Saltmarshes, Morphodynamics, Conservation and Engineering Significance (eds J.R.L. Allen and K. Pye), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 80–114.

Doody, J.P. (1996) Management and use of dynamic estuarine shorelines. In Estuarine Shores: Evolution, Environments and Human Alterations (eds K.F. Nordstrom and C.T. Roman), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 421–34.

Doody, P (1986) Proof of Evidence. Tain Public Inquiry, Land and Marine Engineering Ltd Development Proposal.

Dossor, J. (1955) The coast of Holderness: the problem of erosion. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 30 (2), 133–45.

Dowker, C. (1897) On Romney Marsh. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 15, 220–33.

Draper, L. (1966) The analysis and presentation of wave data — a plea for uniformity. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Coastal Engineering Tokyo, Japan, September 1966, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 1–11.

Draper, L. (1991) Wave Climate Atlas of the British Isles. Offshore Technology Report, OTH 89 303, HMSO for Department of Energy, London.

Draper, L. and Blakey A. (1969) Waves at the Mersey Bar light vessel. NIO Internal Report, A37, 1–4.

Draper, L. and Bownass, T.M. (1983) Wave devastation behind Chesil beach. Weather, 38, 346–52.

Draper, L. and Squire, E.M. (1967) Waves at Ocean Weather Station India. Transactions of the Royal Institute of Naval Architects, 199, 85–93.

Drew, F. (1864) The Geology of the Country between Folkstone and Rye, including the whole of Romney Marsb, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Sheet 4 (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 27 pp.

Dugdale, R.E. (1977) Sediment movement in the nearshore zone, Gibraltar Point, Lincolnshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.

Durrance, E.M. (1969) The structure of Dawlish Warren. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 2, 91–101.

Dutt, W. (1909) Norfolk and Suffolk Coast, T. Fisher Unwin, London, 413 pp.

Duvivier, J. (1961) The Selsey coast protection scheme. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 20, 481–506.

Dyer, K.R. (1970) Sediment distribution in Christchurch Bay. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, UK, 50, 673–82.

Dyer, K.R. (1980) Sedimentation and sediment transport. In The Solent Estuarine System: an appraisal of Current Knowledge, Natural Environment Research Council Publications, Series C, No. 22, Natural Environment Research Council, Swindon, pp. 20–4.

Earl, R. and Pagett, R.M. (1984) A Classification and Catalogue of the Sea Lochs of the Western Isles, Nature Conservancy Council Information and Library Services, Peterborough, 29 pp.

Eddison, J. (1983a) Flandrian barrier beaches of the coast of Sussex and south-east Kent. Quaternary Newsletter, 39, 25–9.

Eddison, J. (1983b) The evolution of the barrier beaches between Fairlight and Hythe. Geographical Journal, 149, 39–53.

Eddison, J. (ed.) (1995) Romney Marsh: the Debatable Ground, Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 41, OUCA, Oxford, 174 pp.

Eddison, J. (1998) Catastrophic changes: the evolution of the barrier beaches of Rye May. In Romney Marsh: Environmental Change and Human Occupation in a Coastal Lowland (eds J. Eddison, M. Gardiner and A. Long), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 46, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 65–88.

Eddison, J. and Green, C. (eds) (1988) Romney Marsh: Evolution, Occupation and Reclamation, Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 24, OUCA, Oxford, 208 pp.

Eddison, J., Gardiner, M. and Long, A. (eds) (1998) Romney Marsh: Environmental Change and Human Occupation in a Coastal Lowland, Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 46, OUCA, Oxford, 220 pp.

Edlin, H.L. (1976) The Culbin Sands. In Environment and Man, Volume 4, Reclamation (eds J. Lenihan and W.W. Fletcher), Blackie, London, pp. 1–31.

Elliott, J. (1847) Account of the Dymchurch wall, which forms the sea defences of Romney Marsh. Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 6, 466–84.

Ellis, N.V. (ed.), Bowen, D.Q., Campbell, S., Knill, J.L., McKirdy, A.P., Prosser, C.D., Vincent, M.A. and Wilson, R.C.L. (1996) An Introduction to the Geological Conservation Review, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 1, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, 131 pp.

Elton, C. (1938) Notes on the ecological and natural history of Pabbay and other islands in the Sound of Harris. journal of Ecology, 26, 275–97.

Embleton, C. (1964) The deglaciation of Arfon and southern Anglesey, and the origin of the Menia Strait. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 75, 407–30.

Embleton, C. (1993) Seismicity, tectonics and geomorphology in Britain. Proceedings of the National Science Council, A: Physical Sciences and Engineering, 17, 1–19.

Emery K.O. and Kuhn, G.G. (1982) Sea cliffs: their processes, profiles, and classification. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 93, 644–54.

Empsall, B. (1989) Workington ironworks reclamation. In Proceedings of the Conference of the Institute of Engineers, pp. 279–92.

Englefield, H.C. (1816) A Description of the Principal Picturesque Beauties, Antiquities and Geological Phenomena of the Isle of Wight. With Additional Observations on the Strata of the Island, and their Continuation in the Adjacent Parts of Dorsetshire, by Thomas Webster, Esq., Payne and Foss, London, 238 pp.

Erdtman, G. (1926) Some micro-analyses of Moorlog from the Dogger Bank. Essex Naturalist, 21, 107–12.

Esler, D. (1976) Coastal dune stability. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Aberdeen.

Esler, D. (1983) Contemporary morphology of the face of the foredunes at Forvie. In Northeast Scotland Coastal Field Guide and Geographical Essays (ed. W Ritchie), Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, pp. 52–60.

European Commission (1998) CORINE.–érosion cotière, Commission of the European Community Luxembourg, 170 pp.

Evans, G. (1960) Recent sedimentation in The Wash. Unpublished PhD thesis, Imperial College, London.

Evans, G. (1965) Intertidal flat sediments and their environments of deposition in the Wash. QuarterlyJournal of the Geological Society of London, 121, 209–45.

Evans, H.M. (1912) Sand formation against the Saunton Down Cliff north Devon. Report and Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art, 44, 692–702.

Evans, J.R., Kirby, J.R. and Long, A.J. (2001) The litho- and biostratigraphy of a late Holocene tidal channel in Romney Marsh, southern England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 112, 111–30.

Everard, C.E. (1954) The Solent River: a geomorphological study. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 20, 41–58.

Everard, C.E. (1962) Mining and shoreline evolution near St. Austell, Cornwall. Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, 19, 199–219.

Fahy, F.M., Hansom, J.D. and Comber, D.P.M. (1993) Estuaries Management Plans — Coastal Processes and Conservation: Duddon Estuary [and] recommendations. Unpublished report to English Nature, Peterborough, from Coastal Research Group, Department of Geographical and Topographical Science, University of Glasgow, 2 volumes.

Fairbridge, R.W. (1968) Beach. In The Encyclopedia of Geomorphology (ed. R.W. Fairbridge), Reinhold Book Corporation, New York, pp. 62–8.

Farquhar, O.C. (1967) Stages in island linking. Oceanographic Marine Biology Annual Review, 5, 119–39.

Farquhar, O.C. (1973) Stages in island linking. In Spits and Bars (ed. M.L. Schwartz), Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsberg, Pennsylvania, pp. 308–30.

Farrow, C. (1974) The ecology and sedimentation of the Cardium shellsands and transgressive banks of Tràigh Mhor, Isle of Barra, Outer Hebrides. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 69, 203–21.

Ferentinos, G. and McManus, J. (1981) Nearshore processes and shoreline development in St Andrews Bay, Scotland, U.K. In Holocene Marine Sedimentation in the North Sea Basin (eds S.-D. Nio, R.T.E. Schuttenhelm and TJ.C.E. van Weering), Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists, No. 5, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 161–71.

Ferry, B.W. and Waters, S.J.P. (1988) Natural wetlands on shingle at Dungeness, Kent, England. Biological Conservation, 43, 27–41.

Ferry, B.W., Barlow, S.L. and Waters, S.J.P. (1989) The shingle ridge succession at Dungeness. Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society, 101, 19–30.

Finlay, T.M. (1930) The Old Red Sandstone of Shetland: Part II North-western area. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 56, 671–94.

Firth, C.R. (1989) Late Devensian raised shorelines and ice-limits in the inner Moray Firth area, northern Scotland. Boreas, 18, 5–21.

Firth, C.R. and Haggart, B.A. (1989) Loch Lomond Stadial and Flandrian shorelines in the inner Moray Firth area, Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science, 4, 37–50.

Firth, C.R. and Smith, D.E. (1993) Holocene sea level changes in Shetland. In Shetland Isles (eds J. Birnie, J. Gordon, K. Bennett and A. Hall), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, p. 17.

Firth, C.R., Smith, D.E., Hansom, J.D. and Pearson, S.G. (1995) Holocene spit development on a regressive shoreline, Dornoch Firth, Scotland. In Coastal Evolution in the Quaternary: IGCP Project 274 (eds O. van de Plassche, M.J. Chrzastowski, J.D. Orford, A.C. Hinton and A.J. Long), Marine Geology Special Volume, 124, Elsevier, Amsterdam and London, pp. 203–14.

Firth, C.R., Collins, P.E.F. and Smith, D.E. (2000) Focus on Firths: Coastal Landforms, Processes and Management Options. V. The Solway Firth, Scottish Natural Heritage Review, No. 128, Scottish Natural Heritage, Edinburgh, 120 pp.

Fisher, O. (1866) On the disintegration of a chalk cliff. Geological Magazine, 3, 354–6.

Fisher, O. (1873) On the phosphatic nodules of the Cretaceous rocks of Cambridgeshire. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 29, 52–63.

Fitton, W.H. (1847) A stratigraphical account of the section from Atherfield to Rocken End, on the south-west coast of the Isle of Wight. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 3, 289–327.

Fitzroy, R. (1853) Discussion of Coode, J. (1853) Description of the Chesil Bank, with remarks upon its origin, the causes which have contributed to its formation, and upon the movement of shingle generally. Minutes of the Proceedings of the Instituion of Civil Engineers, 12, 520–57.

Fleming, C.A. (1965) Two-storied cliffs at the Auckland Islands. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand (Geology), 3, 171–4. Flinn, D. (1964) Coastal and submarine features around the Shetland Islands. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 75, 321–40.

Flinn, D. (1969) On the development of coastal profiles in the north of Scotland, Orkney and Shetland. Scottish Journal of Geology, 5, 393–9.

Flinn, D. (1974) The coastline in Shetland. In The Natural Environment of Shetland: Proceedings of the Nature Conservancy Council Symposium held in Edinburgh, 29–30 January 1974 (ed. R. Goodier), Nature Conservancy Council, Edinburgh, pp. 13–25.

Flinn, D. (1978) The most recent glaciation of the Orkney–Shetland Channel and adjacent areas. Scottish Journal of Geology, 14, 109–23.

Flinn, D. (1997) The role of wave diffraction in the formation of St. Ninian's Ayre (tombolo) in Shetland, Scotland. Journal of Coastal Research, 13(1), 202–8.

Flint, K. (1980) Channel adjustment and basin morphology in relation to cliff retreat, with reference to chines on the Isle of Wight. Horizon, 28, 54–66.

Flint, K.E. (1982) Chines on the Isle of Wight: channel adjustment and basin morphology in relation to cliff retreat. Geographical Journal, 148, 225–36.

Fonseca, M.S. (1996) The role of seagrasses in nearshore sedimentary processes: a review. In Estuarine Shores: Evolution, Environments and Human Alterations (eds K.F. Nordstrom and C.T. Roman), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 261–86.

Fontolan, G. and Simeoni, U. (1999) Holocene cuspate forelands in the Strait of Magellan, southern Chile. Revista Geologica de Chile, 26, 175–86.

Foote, Y., Moses, C., Robinson, D., Saddleton, P and Williams, R. (2002) European shore platform erosion dynamics. Oceanology International 2000 Brighton Conference.

Forbes, D.L. and Boyd, R. (1987) Gravel ripples on the Inner Scotian Shelf. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 57, 46–54.

Forbes, D.L., Orford, J.D., Carter, R.W.G., Shaw, J. and Jennings, S.C. (1995) Morphodynarnic evolution, self-organisation, and instability of coarse-clastic barriers on paraglacial coasts. Marine Geology, 126, 63–85.

Forteath, G.N.R. (1977) Studies in macro-vertebrate communities of the Loch of Strathbeg. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Aberdeen.

Foster, H.D. (1970) Sarn Badrig, a submarine moraine in Cardigan Bay, north Wales. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 14, 475–86.

Foster, I.D., Albon, A.J., Bardell, K.M., Fletcher, J.L., Jardine, T.C., Mothers, R.J., Pritchard, M.A. and Turner, S.E. (1991) High energy coastal sedimentary deposits: an evaluation of depositional processes in southwest England. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 16, 341–56.

Fox, H.R. (1978) Aspects of beach sand movement at Gibraltar Point, Lincolnshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.

Francis, E.H. (1975) Dunbar. In The Geology of the Lothians and South East Scotland: an Excursion Guide, 2nd edn (eds G.Y. Craig and P.McL.D. Duff), Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh, pp. 93–106.

Fraser, E.J. (1979) Aspects of sediment movement on the foreshore of south Lincolnshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.

French, J.R. (1985) Modification of tidal flows on sedimentation by salt marsh vegetation. Unpublished BA thesis, University of Cambridge.

French, J.R. (1993) Numerical simulation of vertical marsh growth and adjustment to accelerated sea level rise, North Norfolk, UK. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 18, 63–81.

French, J.R. (1996) Function and optimal design of saltmarsh channel networks. In Saltmarsh Management for Flood Defence, Research Seminar Proceedings November 1995 (eds Sir William Halcrow and Partners), National Rivers Authority, Bristol, pp. 85–95.

French, J.R. and Spencer, T. (1993) Dynamics of sedimentation in a tide-dominated back-barrier salt marsh, Norfolk, U.K. Marine Geology, 110, 315–31.

French, J.R. and Stoddart, D.R. (1992) Hydrodynamics of salt marsh creek systems: implications for marsh morphological development and material exchange. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 17, 235–52.

French, J.R., Spencer, T. and Stoddart, D. (1990) Backbarrier Salt Marshes of the North Norfolk Coast: Geomorphic Developments and Response to Rising Sea-levels, Discussion Papers in Conservation, No. 54, Ecology and Conservation Unit, University College London, London, 35 pp.

French, P.W. (1996) Implications of a salt marsh chronology for the Severn estuary based on independent lines of dating evidence. Marine Geology, 135, 115–25.

French, P.W. (1997) Coastal and Estuarine Management, Routledge Environmental Mangement Series, Routledge, London, 272 pp.

Frey, R.W. and Basan, P.B. (1978) Coastal salt marshes. In Coastal Sedimentary Environments (ed. R.A. Davis), Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 101–69.

Frey R.W. and Basan, P.B. (1985) Coastal salt marshes. In Coastal Sedimentary Environments, 2nd edn (ed. R.A. Davis), Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 225–301.

Fuller, R.M. (1985) An assessment of damage to the shingle beaches and their vegetation. In Dungeness — Ecology and Conservation, Report of a meeting held at Botany Department, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, on 16 April 1985 (eds B. Ferry and S. Waters), Focus on Nature Conservation, No. 12, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, pp. 25–42.

Fuller, R.M. and Randall, R.E. (1988) The Orford shingle, Suffolk, UK — classic conflicts in coastline management. Biological Conservation, 46, 95–114.

Funnell, B.M. and Pearson, I. (1989) Holocene sedimentation on the North Norfolk barrier coast in relation to relative sea-level change. Journal of Quaternary Science, 4, 63–81.

Galliers, J.A. (1970) The Geomorphology of Holy Island, Northumberland, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Department of Geography Research Series, No. 6, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 34 pp.

Garda-Novo, F. (1976) Ecophysiological aspects of the distribution of Elymus arenaria and Cakile maritima on the dunes at Tentsmuir. Oecologia Plant, 11, 13–25.

Gardner, J.S. (1879) Geology of the Isle of Wight, 2nd edn, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, HMSO, London.

Gardner, J.S. (1889) Flora of Alum Bay. In Geology of the Isle of Wight, 2nd edn, Memoir of the Geological Society of Great Britain, HMSO, London.

Geikie, J. (1878) On the glacial phenomena of the Long Island or Outer Hebrides: Second paper. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 34 (4), 819–70.

Gemmell, S.G.L. (2000) Sediment transfer from gravel-bed rivers to beaches. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Glasgow.

Gemmell, S.G.L., Hansom, J.D. and Hoey, T.B. (2001a) The geomorphology, conservation and management of the River Spey and Spey Bay SSSIs, Moray. Scottish Natural Heritage Research, Survey and Monitoring Report, No. 57, 215 pp.

Gemmell, S., Hansom, J.D. and Hoey, T. (2001b) River-coast sediment exchanges: the Spey Bay sediment budget and management implications. In Ecology and Geomorphology of Coastal Shingle (eds J.R. Packham, R.E. Randall, R.S.K. Barnes and A. Neal), Westbury Academic and Scientific Publishing, Otley, pp. 159–67.

George, T.N. (1932) The Quaternary beaches of Gower. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 43, 291–324.

George, T.N. (1933) The coast of Gower. Proceedings of the Swansea Scientific and Field Naturalists Society, 1, 23–48.

Gibbs, P. (1980) Observation of short-term profile changes on Chesil Beach, Dorset. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 102, 77–82.

Gierloff-Emden, H.G. (1980) Geographie des Meeres, Ozeane und Küsten, De Gruyter, Berlin, 1455 pp.

Gilbert, A. (1996) The raised shoreline sequence at Saunton In North Devon. In Devon and East Cornwall (eds D.J. Charman, R.M. Newnham and D.G. Croot), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London, pp. 40–7.

Gilbert, C.J. (1930) Land oscillation during the dosing stages of the Neolithic depression. 2nd Report of the Committee of Pliocene and Pleistocene Terrain, p. 96.

Gilbert, C.J. (1933) The evolution of Romney Marsh. Archaeologia Cantiana, 45, 246–72.

Gilbertson, D.D. and Mottershead, D.W. (1975) The Quaternary deposits at Doniford, west Somerset. Field Studies, 4, 117–22.

Gilbertson, D.D., Grattan, J. and Schwenninger, J-L. (1996) A stratigraphic survey of the Holocene coastal dune and machair sequences. In The Outer Hebrides: the Last 14, 000 Years (eds D.D. Gilbertson, M. Kent and J. Grattan), Sheffield Environmental and Archaeological Research Campaign in the Hebrides, No. 2, Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, pp. 72–101.

Gilbertson, D.D., Schwenninger, J.-L., Kemp, R.A. and Rhodes, E.J. (1999) Sand-drift and soil formation along an exposed North Atlantic coastline: 14, 000 years of diverse geomorphological climatic and human impacts. Journal of Archaeological Science, 26 (4), 439–469.

Gilham, M.E. (1977) Sand Dunes, Heritage Coast Joint Management and Advisory Committee. Gleason, R. and Hardcastle, P.J. (1973) The significance of wave parameters in the sorting of beach pebbles. Estuarine and Coastal Science, 1, 11–18.

Gleason, R., Blackley, M.W.L. and Carr, A.P. (1975) Beach stability and particle size distribution, Start Bay. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 131, 83–101.

Godard, A. (1965) Recherches de Géomorphologie en Ecosse du Nord-Ouest, Publications de la Faculté de l'Université de Strasbourg. Fondation Baulig, No. 1, les Belles Lettres, Paris, 703 pp.

Godwin, H. and Willis, E.H. (1961) Cambridge University Natural Radiocarbon Measurements III. Radiocarbon, 3, 60–76.

Godwin, H. (1940) Studies in the post-glacial history of British vegetation, IV Post-glacial changes of land and sea in the English Fenland. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B230, 239–303.

Goodman, P.J. (1960) Investigations into 'die-back' in Spartina townsendii agg. II. The morphological structure and composition of the Lymington sward. Journal of Ecology, 48, 711–24.

Goodman, P.J. and Williams, W.T. (1961) Investigations into 'die-back' in Spartina townsendii agg. III. Physiological correlates of 'die-back'. Journal of Ecology, 49, 391–8.

Goodman, P.J., Braybrooks, E.M. and Lambert, J.M. (1959) Investigations into 'die-back' in Spartina townsendii agg. I. The present status of Spartina townsendii in Britain. Journal of Ecology, 47, 651–77.

Gordon, J.E. and Sutherland, D.G. (1993) (eds) Quaternary of Scotland, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 6, Chapman and Hall, London, 695 pp.

Gordon, R. (1843) Description of the Sheriffdoms of Aberdeen and Banff. In Collections for a History of the Shires of Aberdeen and Banff (ed. J. Robertson), Spalding Club Publications, No. 9, Spalding Club, Aberdeen.

Goudie, A. (1972) Vaughan Cornish: geographer (with a bibliography of his published works). Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 55, 1–16.

Goudie, A. (1981) The Human Impact, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 326 pp.

Goudie, A. (1990) The Landforms of England and Wales, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 394 pp.

Goudie, A.. and Brunsden, D. (1994) The Environment of the British Isles — an Atlas, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 184 pp.

Goudie, A. and Gardner, R. (1985) Discovering Landscape in England and Wales, Allen and Unwin, London, 177 pp.

Grainger, P and Kalaugher, P.G. (1987) Cliff-top recession related to the development of coastal landsliding west of Budleigh Salterton, Devon. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 6, 1169–74.

Grainger, P and Kalaugher, P.G. (1988) Hazard zonation of coastal landslides. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Landslides, 10–15 July 1988, Lausanne (ed. C. Bonnard), A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 1169–74.

Gray, A.J. (1980) Saltmarshes and reclaimed land. In Wild Flowers: their Habitats in Britain and Northern Europe (eds G. Halliday and A.W. Malloch), Peter Lowe, London, pp. 123–33.

Gray, A.J. (1992) Saltmarsh plant ecology: zonation and succession revisited. In Saltmarshes: Morphodynamics, Conservation and Engineering Significance (eds J.R.L. Allen and K. Pye), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Gray, A.J., Benham, P.E.M. and Raybould, A.F. (1990) Spartina anglica — the evolutionary and ecological background. In Spartina anglica — a Research Review (eds A.J. Gray and P.E.M. Benham), Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Research Publication, No. 2, HMSO, London, pp. 5–10.

Gray, J.M. (1974) The main rock platform of the Firth of Lorn, western Scotland. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 61, 81–99.

Gray, J.M. (1978) Low-level shore platforms in the south-west Scottish highlands: altitude, age and correlation. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 3 (2), 151–64.

Green, C.P. (1988) Palaeogeography of marine inlets in the Romney Marsh area. In Romney Marsh: Evolution, Occupation and Reclamation (eds J. Eddison and C. Green), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 24, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 167–74.

Green, C. and Hutchinson, J. (1960) Archaeological evidence. In The Making of the Broads. A Reconsideration of their Origin in the Light of New Evidence, (eds J.M. Lambert, J.N. Jennings, C.T. Smith, C. Green and J.N. Hutchinson), Royal Geographical Society Research Series, No. 3, John Murray, London, pp. 113–46.

Green, C., Larwood, C.P. and Martin, A.J. (1953) The coastline of Blofeld and Flegg. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 17, 27–42.

Green, C.D. (1973) The sediments of the south side of the entrance to the Tay estuary Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Dundee.

Green, C.P. and McGregor, D.F.M. (1986) Dungeness: a Geomorphological Assessment, Nature Conservancy Council, London, 2 volumes.

Green, C.P. and McGregor, D.F.M. (1988) Orfordness: a Geomorphological Assessment, Nature Conservancy Council, London, 2 volumes.

Green, C.P. and McGregor, D.F.M. (1990) Orfordness: geomorphological conservation perspectives. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 15, 48–59.

Green, H.M., Stoddart, D.R., Reed, D.J. and Bayliss-Smith, T.P. (1986) Saltmarsh tidal creek dynamics, Scolt Head Island, Norfolk, England. In Proceedings of the Iceland Coastal and River Symposium (ed. G. Sigbjarnarson), National Energy Authority Reykjavik, pp. 93–103.

Green, R.D. (1968) Soils of Romney Marsh, Soil Survey of Great Britain Bulletin, No. 4. Agricultural Research Council, Harpenden.

Green, R.D. and Askew, G.P. (1958) Kent. Report of the Soil Survey of Great Britain, 9, 27–30.

Greenly, E. (1919) The Geology of Anglesey, Memoir of the Geological Survey (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 2 volumes, 980 pp.

Greensmith, J.T. and Gutmanis, J.C. (1990) Aspects of the late Holocene depositional history of the Dungeness arca, Kent. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 101 (3), 225–37.

Greensmith, J.T. and Tucker, E.V. (1965) Salt marsh erosion in Essex. Nature, 206, 606–7.

Greensmith, J.T. and Tucker, E.V. (1967) Morphology and evolution of inshore shell ridges and mudmounds on modern intertidal flats, near Bradwell, Essex. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 77, 329–46.

Greensmith, J.T. and Tucker, E.V. (1968) Imbricate structure in Essex offshore shell-banks. Nature, 220, 1115–16.

Greensmith, J.T. and Tucker, E.V. (1969) The origin of Holocene shell deposits in the chenier plain facies of Essex (Great Britain). Marine Geology, 7, 403–25.

Greensmith, J.T. and Tucker, E.V. (1973a) Holocene transgressions and regressions on the Essex coast, outer Thames estuary. Geologie Mijnbouw, 52, 193–203.

Greensmith, J.T. and Tucker, E.V. (1973b) Peat balls in late-Holocene sediments of Essex, England. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 43, 894–7.

Greensmith, J.T. and Tucker, E.V. (1975) Dynamic structures in the Holocene chenier plain setting of Essex, England. In Nearshore Sediment Dynamics and Sedimentation (eds J. Hails and A. Carr), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 251–72.

Greenwood, B. (1969) Sediment parameters and environmental discrimination: an application of multivariate statistics. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 6, 1347–58.

Greenwood, B. (1978) Spatial variability of texture of a beach-dune complex, North Devon, England. Sedimentary Geology, 21, 27–44.

Gregory, K.J. (ed.) (1997) Fluvial Geomorphology of Great Britain, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 13, Chapman and Hall, London, 347 pp.

Gresswell, R.K. (1937) The geomorphology of the south-west Lancashire coastline. Geographical Journal, 90, 335–49.

Gresswell, R.K. (1953a) The coast. In A Scientific Survey of Merseyside (ed. W. Smith), British Association for the Advancement of Science, Liverpool, pp. 49–52.

Gresswell, R.K. (1953b) Sandy Shores in South Lancashire: the Geomorphology of South-West Lancashire, Liverpool Studies in Geography, Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, 194 pp.

Gresswell, R.K. (1957) Hillhouse coastal deposits in south Lancashire. Liverpool and Manchester Geological Journal, 2, 60–78.

Gresswell, R.K. (1964) The origin of the Mersey and Dee Estuaries. Geological Journal, 4, 77–85.

Griggs, G.B. and Trenhaile, A. (1994) Coastal cliffs and platforms. In Coastal Evolution: Late Quaternary Shoreline Morphodynamics (eds R.W.G. Carter and C.D. Woodroffe), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 425–50.

Grove, A.T. (1950) Tentsmuir-Fife. Soil blowing and coastal changes. Unpublished report to the Nature Conservancy, Edinburgh, 24 pp.

Grove, A.T. (1953) The sea flood on the coasts of Norfolk and Suffolk. Geography, 38, 164–70.

Grove, A.T. (1955) The mouth of the Spey. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 71, 104–7.

Grove, A.T. (1960) Beach profiles at Scolt Head Island. In Scolt Head Island (ed. J.A. Steers), Heller, Cambridge, pp. 67–9.

Groves, T.B. (1875) The Chesil Bank. Nature, 11, 506–7.

Gubbay, S. (1990) Future for the Coast: Proposals for a UK Coastal Zone Management Plan, Marine Conservation Society Ross-on-Wye, 31 pp.

Guilcher, A. (1954) Morphologie Littorale et Sous-Marine, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 210 pp.

Guilcher, A. (1958) Coastal and Submarine Morphology (translated by B.W. Sparks and R.H.W. Kneese), Methuen, London, 274 pp.

Guilcher, A. (1965) Drumlin and spit structures in the Kenmare River, south-west Ireland. Irish Geographer, 5, 7–19.

Guilcher, A. and Berthois, L. (1957) Cinq annees d'observation sedimentologiques dans quatre estuaires — temoins de l'Ouest de la Bretagne. Revue de Géomorphologie Dynamique, 8, 67–86.

Guilcher, A., Bodéré, J.C., Coudé, A., Hansom, J.D., Moign, A. and Peullvast, J.P. (1986) Le probleme des strandflats en cinq pays de hautes latitudes. Revue de Géologie Dynamique et de Géographie Physique 27(1), 47–79.

Gulliver, F.P. (1897) Dungeness foreland. Geographical Journal, 9, 536–46.

Gulliver, F.P. (1898–1899) Shoreline topography. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Science, 24, 149–255.

Haggart, B.A. (1986) Relative sea level changes in the Beauly Firth, Scotland. Boreas, 15, 191–207.

Haggart, B.A. (1987) Relative sea level changes in the Moray Firth area, Scotland. In Sea-Level Changes (eds M.J. Tooley and I. Shennan), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 67–108.

Haggart, B.A. (1989) Variations In the pattern and rate of isostatic uplift indicated by a comparison of sea level curves from Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science, 4, 67–76.

Hails, J.R. (1975a) Submarine geology, sediment distribution and Quaternary history of Start Bay, Devon: Introduction. Journal of the Geological Society, 131, 1–5.

Hails, J.R. (1975b) Sediment distribution and Quaternary history of Start Bay. Journal of the Geological Society, 131, 19–36.

Hails, J.R. (1975c) Some aspects of the Quaternary history of Start Bay, Devon. Field Studies, 4, 207–22.

Hails, J.R. and Carr, A.P. (eds) (1975) Nearshore Sediment Dynamics and Sedimentation: an Interdisciplinary Review, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, London, 316 pp.

Halcrow, Sir W. and Partners (1980) Coast Protection at the Pebble Ridge, Westward Ho!. Final report to Torridge District Council.

Halcrow, Sir W. and Partners (1988) Anglian Coastal Management Atlas, Anglian Water, Peterborough, 97 pp.

Halcrow Maritime (1999) Poole and Christchurch Bays. Shoreline Management Plan, 3 volumes, Halcrow Maritime, Swindon.

Hall, A.M. (1986) Deep weathering patterns in north-east Scotland and their geomorphological significance. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Neue Folge, 30 (4), 407–22.

Hall, A.M. (1989) Pre-Late Devensian coastal rock platforms around Dunbar. Scottish Journal of Geology, 25 (3), 361–5.

Hall, B.R. (1954–1955) Borehole records from the mosses of south-west Lancashire. Soil Survey of England and Wales, MS 65.

Hall, T.M. (1870) The raised beaches and submerged forests of Barnstaple Bay. The Student and Intellectual Observer of Science, Literature and Art, 4, 338–49.

Hall, T.M. (1879) The submerged forest of Barnstable Bay. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 35, 106.

Hallegoüet, B. and Moign, A. (1979) Progradation et érosion d'un secteur littoral sableux en Bretagne nord: mesures et bilan. In Les Cites Atlantiques de l'Europe: Évolution, Aménagement, Protection (ed. A. Guilcher), Actes de Colloques, No. 9, Centre National pour l'Exploitation des Océans (CNEXO), Brest, pp. 45–54.

Halliwell, A.R. (1975) The dredging requirements for the entrance channel serving McDermotts Fabrication Yard, Ardersier, Moray Firth. Report to Blyth and Blyth, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh.

Halliwell, A.R. and O'Connor, B.A. (1966) Suspended sediment in a tidal estuary (Mersey). Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 32, 439–58.

Halsey, S.D. (1979) Nexus: new model of barrier island development. In Barrier Islands (ed. S.P. Leatherman), Academic Press, New York, pp. 185–209.

Hamilton, H. (ed.) (1965) The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: the Counties of Moray and Nairn, Collins, Glasgow, 462 pp.

Hannah, G.W. (1986) The evolution of Bridport Harbour. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 108, 27–31.

Hansom, J.D. (1983) Ice-formed intertidal boulder pavements in the sub-Antarctic. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 53 (1), 135–45.

Hansom, J.D. (1988) Coasts, Cambridge Topics in Geography, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 96 pp.

Hansom, J.D. (1991) Holocene coastal development in the Dornoch Firth. In Late Quaternary Coastal Evolution in the Inner Moray Firth: Field Guide (eds C.R. Firth and B.A. Haggart), West London Press, City of London Polytechnic, London, pp. 45–55.

Hansom, J.D. (1998) The geomorphology of Balnakeil/An Fharaid dune complex. Unpublished Survey and Monitoring Report, Scottish Natural Heritage, Edinburgh.

Hansom, J.D. (1999) The coastal geomorphology of Scotland: understanding sediment budgets for effective coastal management. In Scotland's Living Coastline (eds J. Baxter, K. Duncan, S. Atkins and G. Lees), Natural Heritage of Scotland Series, No. 7, The Stationery Office, London, pp. 34–44.

Hansom, J.D. (2001) Coastal sensitivity to environmental change: a view from the beach. Catena, 42, 291–305.

Hansom, J.D. and Angus, S. (2001) Tir a'Mhachair (Land of the Machair): sediment supply and climate change scenarios for the future of the Outer Hebrides machair. In Earth Science and the Natural Heritage: Interactions and Integrated management (eds J.E. Gordon and K.F. Lees), Natural Heritage of Scotland Series, No. 9, The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, pp. 68–81.

Hansom, J.D. and Black, D.L. (1996) Coastal Processes and Management of Scottish Estuaries II: Estuaries of the Outer Moray Firth, Scottish Natural Heritage Review, No. 51, Scottish Natural Heritage, Edinburgh, 94 pp.

Hansom, J.D. and Comber, D.P.M. (1994) Culbin: coastline on the move. Geological Conservation in the Moray Firth. Scottish Natural Heritage Regional Conference Proceedings, Elgin, March 1994 (Unpublished).

Hansom, J.D. and Comber, D.P.M. (1996) Eoligarry SSSI documentation and management prescription. Scottish Natural Heritage Research, Survey and Monitoring Report, No. 49, 73 pp.

Hansom, J.D. and Evans, W.A. (1995) Scottish landform examples — 13. The Old Man of Hoy. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 111 (3), 172–4.

Hansom, J.D. and Kirk, R.M. (1989) Ice in the intertidal zone: examples from Antarctica. Essener Geographische Arbeiten, 18, 211–36.

Hansom, J.D. and Kirk, R.M. (1991) Change on the coast: the need for management. In Aspects of Environmental Change (eds T.R.R. Johnston and J.R. Flenley), Massey University Press, Palmerston North, New Zealand, pp. 49–62.

Hansom, J.D. and Leafe, R.N. (1990) The geomorphology of Morrich More: development of a scientific database and management prescription. Nature Conservancy Council CSD Report, No. 1161, 174 pp + maps.

Hansom, J.D. and Rennie, A. (2003) Assessment of rates and causes of change in Scotland's beaches and dunes. Scottish Natural Heritage Report, Battleby, Scotland.

Hanson, J.D., Comber, D.P.M. and Fahy, F.M. (1993) Ribble Estuary. Estuary management plans. Coastal Processes and Conservation Report, University of Glasgow for English Nature, Peterborough.

Hansom, J.D., Lees, R.G., Maslen, J., Tilbrook, C. and McManus, J. (2001) Coastal dynamics and sustainable development: the potential for managed realignment in the Firth of Forth. In Earth Science and the Natural Heritage: Interactions and Integrated Management (eds J.E. Gordon and K.F. Lees), Natural Heritage of Scotland Series, No. 9, The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, pp. 148–60.

Hansom, J.D., Hall, A., Barltrop, N. and Jarvis, J. (in press) Extreme storm waves in the North Atlantic and their impact on cliff-top processes in the Shetland Islands. Science.

Hardcastle, P.J. and King, A.C. (1972) Sea wave records from Chesil Beach, Dorset. Civil Engineering, 67, 299–300.

Hardisty, J. (1982) Sediment dynamics in the inter-tidal profile. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Hull.

Hardisty, J. and Laver, A.J. (1989) Breaking waves on a macrotidal barred beach: a test of McCowan's criteria. Journal of Coastal Research, 5, 79–82.

Hardy, J.R. (1964) The movement of beach material and wave action near Blakeney Point, Norfolk. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 34, 53–69.

Hardy, J.R. (1966) An ebb-flood channel system and coastal changes near Winterton, Norfolk. East Midland Geographer, 4, 24–30.

Harlow, D.A. (1979) The littoral sediment budget between Selsey Bill and Gilkicker Point, and its relevance to coastal protection works on Hayling Island. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 12, 257–65.

Harlow, D.A. (1982) Sediment processes, Selsey Bill to Portsmouth. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Southampton.

Harmsworth, G.C. and Long, S.P. (1986) An assessment of saltmarsh erosion in Essex, England, with reference to the Dengie Peninsula. Biological Conservation, 35, 377–87.

Harper, S.A. (1976) The dynamics of salt marsh development in south-east Lincolnshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.

Harper, S.A. (1979) Sedimentation on the New Marsh at Gibraltar Point, Lincolnshire. East Midland Geographer, 7, 153–67.

Harris, C., Williams, G., Brabham, P., Easton, G. and McCarron, D. (1996) Glaciotectonized Quaternary sediments at Dinas Dinlle, Gwynedd, north Wales, and their bearing on the style of deglaciation in the eastern Irish Sea. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16, 109–37.

Harris, T. and Ritchie, W (1989) Dune and Machair Erosion in the Luskentyre area: a Preliminary Survey, Nature Conservancy Council, Edinburgh.

Harrison, E.A. and Bloom, A.L. (1977) Sedimentary rates on tidal salt marshes in Connecticut. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 47, 1484–90.

Hart, B.S. (1991) A study of pebble shape from gravely shoreface deposits. Sedimentary Geology, 73, 185–9.

Harman, T.J. (1982) Vegetation and sediment supply in relation to morphological development on the salt-marsh at Gibraltar Point, Lincolnshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.

Harvey, J.G. (1967) Drifter studies in the Irish Sea. In Liverpool Essays in Geography: a Jubilee Collection Publication (eds R.W. Steel and R. Lawton), Longman, London, pp. 137–56.

Harvey, J.G. (1968) The flow of water through the Menai Strait. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 15, 517–28.

Harvey, M.M. (2000) Geomorphological controls on the sedimentation patterns of, and distribution of anthropogenic radionuclides in, coastal salt marshes, south-west Scotland. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Glasgow.

Harvey, M.M. and Allan, R.L. (1998) The Solway Firth saltmarshes. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 114 (1), 42–5.

Haslett, S. (2000) Coastal Systems, Routledge, London, 218 pp.

Hawker, D. (1999) Saltmarsh in the Solway Firth European Marine Site. Unpublished report to Scottish Natural Heritage, Battleby, Perth.

Hawley, N. (1982) Intertidal sedimentary structures on macrotidal beaches. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 52, 785–95.

Headworth, M.G. (1983) The gravel aquifer at Dungeness, Kent. Journal of the Geological Society, 140, 334–43.

Healey, R.G., Pye, K, Stoddart, D.R. and Bayliss-Smith, T.P. (1981) Velocity variations in salt-marsh creeks, Norfolk, England. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 13, 535–45.

Heathwaite, A.L. and O'Sullivan, P.E. (1991) Sequential inorganic chemical analysis of a core from Slapton Ley, Devon, UK. Hydrobiologia, 214, 125–35.

Heeps, C. (1986) Sediment circulation in mixed gravel and shingle bayhead beaches on the south-east Dorset coast. Unpublished PhD thesis, Council for National Academic Awards (CNAA).

Heeps, C. (1987) Recognition and prediction of seabed sediment patterns. Report to Ministry of Defence Procurement Executive Admiralty Research Establishment (Portland).

Heijne, I.S. and West, G.M. (1991) Chesil Sea Defence Scheme. Paper 2: design of interceptor drain. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 90, 799–817.

Henderson, G. (1979) A study of wave climate and wave energy in Poole and Christchurch Bays. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Southampton.

Henson, M.R. (1970) The Triassic rocks of south Devon. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 2, 172–7.

Heron-Allen, E. (1911) Selsey Bill — Historic and Pre-Historic, Duckworth and Co., London, 404 pp.

Hesp, P (2002) Foredunes and blowouts: initiation, geomorphology and dynamics. Geomorphology, 48, 245–68.

Hewett, D.G. (1970) The colonization of sand dunes after stabilization with Marram grass (Ammophila arenaria). Journal of Ecology, 58, 653–68.

Hewett, D.G. (1971) The effects of the cold winter of 1962/3 on Juncus acutus at Braunton Burrows, Devon. Report and Transactions of the Devon Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art, 102, 193–201

Hey, R.W. (1967) Sections in the beach-plain deposits of Dungeness, Kent. Geological Magazine, 104, 361–70.

Heyworth, A. and Kidson, C. (1982) Sea level changes in southwest England and Wales. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 93, 91–111

Hickey, K. (1991) Documentary records of coastal storms in Scotland 1500–1991 AD. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Coventry.

Hill, M.I. (1988) Saltmarsh vegetation of the Wash. An assessment of change from 1971 to 1985. Research and Survey in Nature Conservation, 13, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, 82 pp.

Hill, M.I. (1996) Saltmarsh. In Coasts and Seas of the United Kingdom. Region 3. North East Scotland: Cape Wrath to St Cyrus (eds J.H. Barrie, C.F. Robson, S.S. Kasnowska, J.P. Doody and N.C. Davidson) Coastal Directories Series, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, pp. 61–4.

Hill, M.I. (1997) Saltmarsh. In Coasts and Seas of the United Kingdom. Regions 15 and 16. North-West Scotland: the Western Isles and West Highland (eds J.H. Barne, C.F. Robson, S.S. Kasnowska, J.P. Doody, N.C. Davidson and A.L. Buck), Coastal Directories Series, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, pp. 72–6.

Hill, M.O. and Wallace, H.L. (1989) Vegetation and environment in afforestation of sand dunes at Newborough Warren, Anglesey. Forestry, 62, 249–67.

Hill, T.G. and Hanley, J.A. (1914) The structure and water content of shingle beaches... Journal of Ecology, 2, 21–38.

HMSO (1947) Report of the Wildlife Conservation Special Committee, Cmd. 7122, HMSO, London.

Holmes, A. (1944) Principles of Physical Geology, Nelson, London, 532 pp.

Holmes, A. (1965) Principles of Physical Geology, 2nd edn, Nelson, London, 1288 pp.

Hook, B.J. and Kemble, J.R. (1991) Chesil Sea Defence Scheme. Paper 1: concept, design and construction. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 90, 783–98.

Hooke, J.M., Bray, M.J. and Carter, D.J. (1996) Sediment transport analysis as a component of coastal management — a UK example. Environmental Geology, 27, 347–57.

Hope-Simpson, J.F. (1985) Monitoring by photographs on Braunton Burrows: relevance to nature conservation purposes. In Sand Dunes and Their Management (ed. J.P. Doody), Focus on Nature Conservation, No. 13, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, pp. 175–85.

Hope-Simpson, J.F. (1997) Dynamic plant ecology of Braunton Burrows, southwestern England. In Dry Coastal Ecosystems. General Aspects Ecosystems of the World 2C (ed. E. van der Maarel), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 437–52.

Hope-Simpson, J.F. and Jefferies, R.L. (1966) Observations relating to vigour and debility in marram grass (Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link). Journal of Ecology, 54, 271–4.

Hope-Simpson, J.F. and Yemm, E.W. (1979) Braunton Burrows: developing vegetation in dune slacks 1948–1977. In Ecological Processes in Coastal Environments (eds R.L. Jeffries and A.J. Davey), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 113–28.

Hoppe, G. (1965) Submarine Peat in the Shetland Islands, Institute of British Geographers Special Publication, No. 7, Institute of British Geographers, London, 197–210.

Horsfall, D. (1993) Geological controls on coastal morphology. Geography Review, 7, 16–22.

Hosking, K.F.G. and Ong, P.M. (1963) The distribution of tin and certain other 'heavy' metals in the superficial portions of the Gwithian/Hayle beach of west Cornwall. Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, 19, 351–92.

Houghton, J. (1994) Global Warming: the Complete Briefing, Lion, Oxford, 192 pp.

Houghton, J.T., Jenkins, G.J. and Ephraums, J.J. (1990) Climate Change. TheIPCC Scientific Assessment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 365 pp.

House, M.R. (1969) The Dorset Coast from Poole to the Chesil Beach, 2nd edn, Geologists' Association Guide, No. 22, Benham and Co., Colchester, 21 pp.

House, M.J. (1989) Geology of the Dorset Coast, Geologists' Association Guide, Geologists' Association, London, 162 pp.

House, M.R. (1993) Geology of the Dorset Coast, 2nd edn, Geologists' Association Guide, Geologists' Association, London, 164 pp.

Hubbard, J.C.E. and Stebbings, R.E. (1967) Distribution, date of origin and acreage of Spartina townsendii (s.1.) marshes in Great Britain. Proceedings of the Botanical Society of the British Isles, 7, 1–7.

Huddart, D. (1992) Coastal environmental changes and morphostratigraphy in southwest Lancashire, England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 103, 217–36.

Huddart, D. and Carter, P.A. (1977) The coasts of north-west England. In The Quaternary History of the Irish Sea (eds C. Kidson and M.J. Tooley), Seel House Press, Liverpool, p. 345.

Huddart, D. and Glasser, N.F. (2002) Quaternary of Northern England, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 25, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, 745 pp.

Hughes, T.Mck. (1887) On the ancient beach and boulders near Braunton and Croyde, in North Devon. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 43, 657–70.

Hunsdalc, R. and Sanderson, D.J. (1998) Fault size distribution analysis — an example from Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset, UK. In Development, Evolution and Petroleum Geology of the Wessex Basin (ed. J.R. Underhill), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 133, Geological Society of London, Bath, pp. 299–310.

Huntley, D. and Bowen, A. (1973) Field observations of edge waves. Nature, 24, 160–1.

Huntley, D. and Bowen, A. (1975a) Field observations of edge waves and a discussion of their effect on beach material. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 131, 69–81.

Huntley, D. and Bowen, A. (1975b) Comparison of the hydrodynamics of steep and shallow beaches. In Nearshore Sediment Dynamics and Sedimentation (eds J. Hails and A. Carr), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, London, pp. 69–109.

Hussey, A. and Long, S.P. (1982) Seasonal changes in weight of above- and below-ground vegetation and dead plant material in a salt marsh at Colne Point, Essex. Journal of Ecology, 70, 757–71.

Hutcheson, A. (1914) The archaeology of Tentsmuir. Proceedings and Transactions of the Dundee Naturalists' Society, 1 (1), 31–40.

Hutchinson, J.N. (1965) A Reconnaissance of Coastal Landslides in the Isle of Wight, Note En 11/65, Building Research Station, Watford.

Hutchinson, J.N. (1972) Field and laboratory studies of a fall in Upper Chalk cliffs at Joss Bay, Isle of Thanet. In Stress-Strain Behaviour of Soils: Proceedings of the Roscoe Memorial Symposium, University of Cambridge, 29–31 March, 1971 (ed. R.H.G. Parry), G.T. Foul's, Henley-on-Thames, pp. 692–706.

Hutchinson, J.N. (1973) The response of London day cliffs to differing rates of toe erosion. Geologica Applicata e Idrologica, 8, 221–39.

Hutchinson, J.N. (1976) Coastal slides in cliffs of Pleistocene deposits between Cromer and Overstrand, Norfolk, England. In Lauritis Bjerrum Memorial Volume: Contributions to Soil Mechanics (eds N. Janbu, F. Jørstad and B. Kjærnsli), Norges Geotekniske Institutt, Oslo, pp. 155–82.

Hutchinson, J.N. (1980) Various forms of cliff instability arising from coast erosion in the UK. Fjellsprengningsteknikk Bergmekanikk/Geoteknikk 1979, 19.1–19.32.

Hutchinson, J.N. (1983) Engineering in a landscape. Inaugural lecture, 9th October 1979. Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London.

Hutchinson, J.N. (1984) Landslides in Britain and their countermeasures. Journal of Japan Landslide Society, 21–1, 1–24.

Hutchinson, J.N. (1987) Some coastal landslides of the southern Isle of Wight. In Wessex and the Isle of Wight Field Guide Prepared to Accompany the Annual Field Meeting Held at Southampton and Cowes 21–25 April 1987 (ed. K.E. Barber), Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 123–35.

Hutchinson, J.N. (1991) The landslides forming the South Wight Undercliff. In Slope Stability Engineering: Developments and Applications. Proceedings of the International Conference on Slope Stability Organized by the Institution of Civil Engineers and held on the Isle of Wight on 1548 April 1991 (ed. R.J. Chandler), Thomas Telford, London, pp. 157–68.

Hutchinson, J.N. and Gostelow, T.P. (1976) The development of an abandoned cliff in London clay at Hadleigh, Essex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 283, 557–604.

Hutchinson, J.N., Bromhead, E.N. and Lupini, J.F. (1980) Additional observations on the landslides at Folkestone Warren. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 13, 1–31.

Hutchinson, J.N., Chandler, M.P. and Bromhead, E.N. (1981) Cliff recession on the Isle of Wight SW Coast. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Stockholm 1549 June 1981 (ed. N. Flodin), A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 429–34.

Hutchinson, J.N., Brunsden, D. and Lee, E.M. (1991) The geomorphology of the landslide complex at Ventnor, Isle of Wight. In Slope Stability Engineering: Developments and Applications. Proceedings of the International Conference on Slope Stability Organized by the Institution of Civil Engineers and held on the Isle of Wight on 1548 April 1991 (ed. R.J. Chandler), Thomas Telford, London, pp. 213–18.

Huxley, T.H. (1884) Physiography, Macmillan, London, 384 pp.

Hydraulics Research (1979) West Bay, Bridport, Dorset: a sea defence and coast protection study. Hydraulics Research Report, No. EX863, 12 pp.

Hydraulics Research (1985) West Bay Harbour: a numerical study of beach changes east of the harbour entrance. Hydraulics Research Report, No. 0E1301, 33 pp.

Hydraulics Research (1991a) West Bay Harbour: analysis of recent beach changes east of the harbour. Hydraulics Research Report, No. EX2272, 16 pp.

Hydraulics Research (1991b) West Bay Bridport: a random wave physical model investigation. Hydraulics Research Report, No. EX2187, 53 pp.

Hydraulics Research (1997) Coastal cells in Scotland. Scottish Natural Heritage Research, Survey and Monitoring Report, No. 56.

Hydraulics Research Station (1969) The southwest Lancashire coastline; a report of sea defences, Report EX 450, Hydraulics Research Station, Wallingford, 43 pp.

Hydrographer of the Navy (1978) Admiralty Chart 2825 Lochs on the east coast of Uist, Hydrographer of the Navy, Taunton.

Hydrographer of the Navy (1997) Admiralty Tide Tables 1998, Hydrographer of the Navy, Taunton, 4 volumes.

Idle, E.T. and Martin, J. (1975) The vegetation and land use history of Torrs Warren, Wigtownshire. Transactions of the Dumfries and Galloway Natural History Society, 51, 1–9.

Innes, J.B. and Long, A.J. (1992) A preliminary investigation of the 'Midley Sand' deposit, Romney Marsh. Quaternary Newsletter, 67, 32–9.

Innes, J.B. and Tooley, M.J. (1993) The age and vegetational history of the Sefton coast dunes. In The Sand Dunes of the Sefton Coast (eds D. Atkinson and L. Houston), National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside, Liverpool, pp. 41–4.

Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies (IECS) (1992) Spurn Heritage Coast Study Final Report, Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies, Hull University.

Isla, F.I. (1993) Overpassing and armouring phenomena on gravel beaches. Marine Geology, 110, 369–76.

Jackson D.L. (2000) Guidance on the interpretation of the Biodiversity Broad Habitat Classification (terrestrial and freshwater types): Definitions and the relationship with other habitat classifications. JNCC Report, No. 307.

Jago, C.F. (1980) Contemporary accumulation of marine sand in a macrotidal estuary, southwest Wales. In Shallow Marine Processes and Products (eds A.H. Bouma, D.S. Gorsline, C. Monty and G.P. Allen), Sedimentary Geology Special Issue, Elsevier, Amsterdam, No. 26, pp. 21–49.

Jago, C.F. and Hardisty, J. (1984) Sedimentology and morphodynamics of a macrotidal beach, Pendine Sands, SW Wales. Marine Geology, 60, 123–54.

James, P.A. and Wharf, A.J. (1989) Timescales of soil development in a coastal sand dune system, Ainsdale, North-west England. In Perspectives in Coastal Dune Management (eds F. van der Meulen, J.D. Jungerius and J. Visser), SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, pp. 287–95.

Jardine,W.G. (1975) Chronology of Holocene marine transgression and regression in southwestern Scotland. Boreas, 4, 173–96.

Jardine, W.G. (1977) The Quaternary marine record in southwestern Scotland and the Scottish Hebrides. In The Quaternary History of the Irish Sea (eds C. Kidson and M.J. Tooley), Seal House Press, Liverpool, pp. 99–118.

Jardine, W.G. (1978) Holocene coastal sediments and former shorelines of Dumfriesshire and Eastern Galloway. Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, 3rd Series, 55, 1–59.

Jay, H., McCue, J. and Hendry, M. (2001) The use of modelling in the management of shingle coastlines: a case study from East Sussex. In Ecology and Geomorphology of Coastal Shingle (eds J.R. Packham, R.E. Randall, R.S.K. Barnes and A. Neal), Westbury Academic and Scientific Publishing, Otley, pp. 402–8.

Jehu, T.J. (1918) Rock-boring organisms as agents in coast erosion. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 34, 1–11.

Jennings, S.C. and Orford, J.D. (1999) The Holocene Inheritance embedded within contemporary coastal management problems. In Proceedings of the 34th MAFF Conference of River and Coastal Engineers, Keele University, 30 June-2 July 1999, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, pp. 9.2.1–9.2.15.

Jennings, S.C. and Smyth, C. (1990) Holocene evolution of the gravel coastline of East Sussex. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 101, 213–24.

Jennings, S.C. and Smyth, C. (1991) Holocene evolution of the gravel coastline of East Sussex: reply to correspondence. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 102, 306–8.

Jennings, S.C., Orford, J.D., Canti, M., Devoy, R.J.N. and Straker, V. (1998) The role of relative sea-level rise and changing sediment supply on Holocene gravel barrier development; the example of Porlock, Somerset, UK. The Holocene, 8, 165–81.

Jerwood, L.C., Robinson, D.A. and Williams, R.B.G. (1990a) Experimental frost and salt weathering of chalk: I. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 15, 611–24.

Jerwood, L.C., Robinson, D.A. and Williams, R.B.G. (1990b) Experimental frost and salt weathering of chalk: H. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 15, 699–708.

Job, D. (1989) Beach profiles and wave action. Geography Review, 2, 11–14.

Job, D. (1993) Coastal management: Start Bay, south Devon. Geography Review, 7, 13–17

John, B.S. (1971) Pembrokeshire. In The Glaciations of Wales and Adjoining Regions (ed. C.A. Lewis), Geographies for Advanced Study, Longman, London, pp. 229–65.

John, B.S. (1973) Vistulian periglacial phenomena in south-west Wales. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 22, 185–211.

John, B.S. (1978) Valiant cliffs of Pembrokeshire. Geographical Magazine, 50, 467–70.

Johnson, D.W. (1919) Shore Processes and Shoreline Development, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, New York, 584 pp.

Johnson, D.W. (1925) The New England–Acadian Shoreline, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, New York, 608 pp.

Johnson, D.W. and Reid, W.G. (1910) The form of Nantasket Beach. Journal of Geology, 10, 162–87.

Johnson, S. (1976) The Roman Forts of the Saxon Shore, Elek, London, 172 pp.

Jolliffe, I.P. (1961) The use of tracers to study beach movements and the measurement of longshore drift by a fluorescent technique. Revue de Géomorphologie Dynamique, 12, 81–95.

Jolliffe, I.P. (1964) An experiment designed to compare the relative rates of movement of beach pebbles. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 75, 67–86.

Jolliffe, I.P. (1979) West Bay and the Chesil bank, Dorset. Coastal regimen conditions, resource use and the possible environmental impact of mining activities on coastal erosion and flooding. Report to West Dorset District Council and Dorset County Council, 87 pp.

Jolliffe, I.P. (1983) Coastal erosion and flood abatement; what are the options? Geographical Journal, 149, 62–7.

Jolliffe, I.P. and Wallace, H. (1973) The role of seaweed in beach supply and in shingle transport below low tide level. In Oceans 2000: Third World Congress of Underwater Activities (ed. British Sub Aqua Club), British Sub Aqua Club, London, pp. 189–96.

Jones, M.E. (1980) Landslips: solutions to the paths ban at Chapman's Pool. Dorset: the County Magazine, 87, 6–17.

Jones, M.E., Allison, R.J. and Gilligan, J. (1984) On the relationship between geology and coastal landform in central southern England. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 105, 107–18.

Jones, D.K.C. and Lee, E.M. (1994) Landsliding in Great Britain, HMSO, London, 361 pp.

Jope, E.M. and Jope, H.M. (1959) A horde of 15th century coins from Glen Luce sand dunes and their context. Medieval Archaeology, 3, 259–79.

Joysey, K. (1967) Report on the symposium on Scolt Head Island. Proceedings of the Linnean Society, 178, 76.

Kahn, A.S. (1968) The recent sediments of the area between the Loughor and Towy estuaries, Carmarthen Bay. Unpublished PhD thesis, Imperial College, University of London.

Kalaugher, P.G. and Grainger, P. (1981) A coastal landslide at West Down Beacon, Budleigh Salterton, Devon. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 5, 217–21.

Kalaugher, P.G. and Grainger, P (1991) The influence of changes in sea level on coastal cliff instability in Devon. In Quaternary Eengineering Geology: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Engineering Group of the Geological Society (eds A. Forster, M.G. Culshaw and J.A. Little), Engineering Geology Special Publication, No. 7, The Geological Society, London, pp. 361–7.

Kalaugher, P.G., Grainger, P and Hodgson, R.L.P. (1995) Tidal influence on the intermittent surging movements of a coastal mudslide. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 8, 416–20.

Ke, X. and Collins, M.B. (1993) Saltmarsh Protection and Stablisation West Solent, Report No. SUDO/93/6/C, Southampton University Department of Oceanography, Southampton.

Kear, B.S. (1985) Soil development and soil patterns in north-west England. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnson), Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 80–93.

Keast, S. (1994) The Ardivachar to Stoneybridge Proposed SSSI. Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

Keast, S. (1995) Tràigh na Berie SSSI, Isle of Lewis. Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

Keatch, D.R.A. (1965) Geomorphology of the coast from Cardiff to Porthcawl, with special reference to the transportation of beach material. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Wales.

Keene, P (1986) Classic Landforms of the North Devon Coast, Classic Landform Guides, No. 6, Geographical Association, Sheffield, 48 pp.

Keene, P (1989) Classic Landforms of the North Devon Coast. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 7 (2), 192–3.

Keene, P. (1992) Coastal Management and Coastal Erosion at Westward Ho!, Thematic Trails, Oxford.

Keene, P (1996) Classic Landforms of the North Devon Coast, New edition, Classic Landform Guides, Geographical Association in conjunction with the British Geomorphological Research Group, Sheffield, 48 pp.

Kelland, N.C. (1975) Submarine geology of Start Bay determined by continuous seismic profiling and core sampling. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 131, 7–17.

Kelland, N.C. and Hails, J.R. (1972) Bedrock morphology and structures within overlying sediments, Start Bay, south-west England, determined by continuous seismic profiling, side-scan sonar and core sampling. Marine Geology, 13, M19-M26.

Kellock, E. (1969) Alkaline basic igneous rocks in the Orkneys. Scottish Journal of Geology, 5, 140–53.

Kendall, O.D. (1926) Scolt Head Island Part 2. The mapping of Scolt Head Island. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 12, 246–54.

Kendall, W.B. (1907) Waste of coastline, Furness and Walney in 1000 years. Barrow Naturalists' Field Club Annual Report, 18, 78.

Kenyon-Bell, C. (1948) Sea defences at Westward Ho!. Report to the Urban District Council of Northam.

Kesel, R.H. and Smith, J.S. (1978) Tidal creek and pan formation in intertidal salt marshes, Nigg Bay, Scotland. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 94, 159–68.

Kestner, F.J.T. (1962) The old coastline of The Wash. Geographical Journal, 128, 457–8.

Kestner, F.J.T. (1975) The loose boundary regime of The Wash. Geographical Journal, 141, 389–414.

Kidson, C. (1950) Dawlish Warren: a study of the evolution of the sand spits across the mouth of the River Exe in Devon. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 16, 69–80.

Kidson, C. (1960) The shingle complexes of Bridgwater Bay. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 28, 75–87.

Kidson, C. (1961) Movement of beach materials on the east coast of England. East Midland Geographer, 16, 3–16.

Kidson, C. (1963) The growth of sand and shingle spits across estuaries. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 7, 1–22.

Kidson, C. (1964a) The coasts of south and south-west England. In Field Studies in the British Isles (ed. J.A. Steers), Nelson, London, pp. 26–42.

Kidson, C. (1964b) Dawlish Warren, Devon: late stages in sand spit evolution. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 75, 167–84.

Kidson, C. (1977) The coast of South West England. In The Quaternary History of the Irish Sea (eds C. Kidson and M.J. Tooley), Seel House Press, Liverpool, pp. 267–98.

Kidson, C. and Carr, A.P. (1959) The movement of shingle over the sea bed dose inshore. Geographical Journal, 125, 380–9.

Kidson, C. and Carr, A.P. (1960) Dune reclamation at Braunton Burrows, Devon. Chartered Surveyor, 93, 298–303.

Kidson, C. and Heyworth, A. (1976) The Quaternary deposits of the Somerset Levels. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, M9, 217–35.

Kidson, C. and Tooley, M.J. (1977) The Quaternary History of the Irish Sea, Seel House Press, Liverpool, 345 pp.

Kidson, C., Carr, A.P. and Smith, D.B. (1958) Further experiments using radio-active methods to detect the movement of shingle over the sea bed and alongshore. Geographical Journal, 124, 210–18.

Kidson, C., Coffin, R.L. and Chisholm, N.W.T. (1989) Surveying a major dune system -Braunton Burrows, north west Devon. Geographical Journal, 155, 94–105.

King, C.A.M. (1951) Depth of disturbance of sand on beaches by waves. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 21, 131–40.

King, C.A.M. (1953) The relationship between wave incidence, wind direction and beach changes at Marsden Bay, County Durham. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 19, 13–23.

King, C.A.M. (1959) Beaches and Coasts, Edward Arnold, London, 403 pp.

King, C.A.M. (1964) The character of the offshore zone and its relationship to the foreshore near Gibraltar Point, Lincolnshire. East Midland Geographer, 3, 230–43.

King, C.A.M. (1968a) Beach measurements at Gibraltar Point, Lincolnshire. East Midland Geographer, 4, 295–300.

King, C.A.M. (1968b) Spitsim. British Geomorphological Research Group Occasional Paper, 6, 63–72.

King, C.A.M. (1970) Changes in the spit at Gibraltar Point, Lincolnshire. East Midland Geographer, 5, 19–30.

King, C.A.M. (1971) The relationship between wave incidence, wind direction, and beach changes at Marsden Bay, Co. Durham. In Introduction to Coastline Development (ed. J.A. Steers), Macmillan, London, 229 pp.

King, C.A.M. (1972a) Beaches and Coasts, 2nd edn, Edward Arnold, London, 570 pp.

King, C.A.M. (1972b) Some spatial aspects of the analysis of coastal spits. In Spatial Analysis in Geography (ed. R.J. Chorley), Methuen, London, pp. 355–69.

King, C.A.M. (1973) Dynamics of beach accretion in south Lincolnshire, England. In Coastal Geomorphology (ed. D.R. Coates), Publications in Geomorphology, Binghampton, pp. 73–90.

King, C.A.M. (1976) Northern England, Geomorphology of the British Isles Series, Methuen, London, 213 pp.

King, C.A.M. (1978) Coastal geomorphology in the United Kingdom. In Geomorphology: Present Problems and Future Prospects (eds C. Embleton, D. Brunsden and D.K.C. Jones), Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 224–50.

King, C.A.M. (1982) Ridges and runnels. In The Encyclopedia of Beaches and Coastal Environments (ed. M.L. Schwartz), Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsberg, Pennsylvania, 692 pp.

King, C.AM. and Barnes, F.A. (1964) Changes in the configuration of the inter-tidal beach zone of part of the Lincolnshire coast since 1951. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 8, 105–26.

King, C.A.M. and McCullagh, M.J. (1971) A simulation model of a complex recurved spit. Journal of Geology, 79, 22–37.

King, C.A.M. and Williams, W.W. (1949) The formation and movement of sand bars by wave action. Geographical Journal, 113, 70–85.

Kirk, W (1955) Prehistoric sites at the Sands of Forvie, Aberdeenshire. Aberdeen University Review, 35, 150–71.

Knight, J., Orford, J.D., Wilson, P, Winde, A.G. and Braley, S. (1998) Fades, age and controls on recent coastal sand dune evolution in north Norfolk, eastern England. In Proceedings of the Palm Beach International Coastal Symposium, 19–23 May, 1998 (eds C.W. Finld and P. Bruun), Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue, No. 26, Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Florida, pp. 154–61.

Koh, A. (1992) Black Ven. In The Coastal Landforms of West Dorset (ed. R.J. Allison), Geologists' Association Guide, No. 47, Geologists' Association, London, pp. 67–79.

Komar, P.D. (1976) Beach Processes and Sedimentation, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 429 pp

Komar, P.D. (1977) Computer simulation of turbidity current flow and the study of deep-sea channels and fan sedimentation. In The Sea: Ideas and Observations on Progress in the Study of the Seas; Volume 6: Marine Modelling (eds E.D. Goldberg, I.N. McCave, J.J. O'Brien and J.H. Steele), Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp. 603–21.

Lacey, S. (1987) Coastal sediment processes in Poole and Christchurch Bays and the effects of coast protection works. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Southampton.

Ladle, M. (1981) The Fleet and Chesil Beach: Structure and Biology of a Unique Coastal Feature, Dorset County Council, Dorchester, 75 pp.

Lake, R.D. and Shepherd-Thorn, E.R. (1987) Geology of the Country around Hastings and Dungeness, Memoir of the British Geological Survey, sheets 320 and 321 (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 81 pp.

Lamb, H.H. (1982) Climate, History and the Modern World, Methuen, London, 387 pp.

Lamb, H.H. (1991) Historic storms of the North Sea, British Isles and Northwest Europe. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 250 pp.

Lambarde, W (1576 [written 1570]) A Perambulation of Kent: Conteining the Description, Hystorie, and Customes of that Shire, W Burrill, London.

Lambeck, K. (1992) Glacial rebound and sea-level change in the British Isles. Terra Nova, 3, 379–89.

Lambeck, K. (1993) Glacial rebound of the British Isles — 1. Preliminary model results. Geophysical Journal International, 115 (3), 941–59.

Landsberg, S.Y. (1955) The morphology and vegetation of the Sands of Forvie. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Aberdeen.

Landsberg, S.Y. (1956) The orientation of dunes in Britain and Denmark in relation to winds. Geographical Journal, 122, 176–89.

Lang, W.D. (1914) The geology of Charmouth Cliffs, beach and foreshore. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 25, 293–360.

Lang, W.D. (1928) Landslips in Dorset. Natural History Magazine, 1, 201–9.

Lang, W.D. (1932) The geology of Golden Cap. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 54, 145–72.

Lang, W.D. (1942) Geological notes 1941–42. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 64, 129–30.

Lang, W.D. (1944) Geological notes 1943–44. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 66, 129.

Lang, W.D. (1955) Mudflows at Charmouth. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 75, 151–6.

Lang, W.D. (1959) Report on Dorset natural history: Geology. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 80, 22.

Latham, J.-P., Hoad, J.P. and Newton, M. (1998) Abrasion of a series of tracer materials on a gravel beach, Slapton Sands, Devon, UK. In Advances in Aggregates and Armourstone Evaluation (ed. J.-P. Latham), Geological Society Engineering Geology Special Publication, No. 13, The Geological Society, Bath, pp. 121–35.

Leach, A.L. (1933) The geology and scenery of Tenby and the south Pembrokeshire coast. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 44, 187–216.

Leafe, R.N. and Hansom, J.D. (1990) Estimating the effects of groundwater variation on the spectral response of a tidal salt marsh. In Proceedings of the NERC Workshop on Airborne Remote Sensing, 1989, LEE., Windermere, Natural Environment Research Council, pp. 169–79.

Leddra, M.J. and Jones, M.E. (1990) Steady-state flow during undrained loading of chalk. In Chalk: Proceedings of the International Chalk Symposium, held at Brighton Polytechnic on 4–7 September 1989 (ed. G.P. Birch), Thomas Telford (for the Institution of Civil Engineers), London, pp. 245–52.

Lee, E.M. (1992) Urban landslides: impact and management. In The Coastal Landforms of West Dorset (ed. RJ. Allison), Geologists Association Guide, No. 47, Geologists' Association, London, pp. 80–93.

Leeks, G. (1979) Mudlarks in the Essex marshes. Geographical Magazine, 51, 665–70.

Lees, B.J. (1979) Sediment transport measurements in the Sizewell–Dunwich Banks area, East Anglia, UK. In Holocene Sedimentation in the North Sea Basin. Selected Papers from the International Association of Sedimentologists Meeting, Texel, Netherlands, September 1979 (eds S.D. Nio, R.T.E. Schuttenheim and T.C.E. van Veering), International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication, No. 5, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.

Lees, B.J. (1980) Introduction and geological background. Sizewell–Dunwicb Banks Field Study Topic, Report 1, Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Science Report, 88.

Lees, D.J. (1982) The evolution of Gower coasts. In Geographical Excursions from Swansea. Volume 1, Physical Environment (ed. G. Humphrys), Department of Geography, University College, Swansea, pp. 15–32.

Lees, D.J. (1983) Post-glacial sand-dune history and archaeology at Broughton Bay, Gower. In British Geomorpbological Research Group, Spring Meeting, May 13–15, 1983. Field Excursion Handbook, Swansea, pp. 27–9.

Leland, J. (1906–10 [written 1535–1543]) Itinerary of John Leland in or about the years 1535–1543 (ed. L.T. Smith), George Bell and Sons, London, 5 volumes.

Lennon, G.W. (1963) The identification of weather conditions associated with the generation of major storm surges along the west coast of the British Isles. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 89, 381–94.

Lennon, G.W., Gumbel, E., Barricelli, N.A. and Jenkinson, A.F. (1963) A frequency investigation of abnormally high tidal levels at certain west coast ports. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 25, 451–84.

Lewin, T. (1862) The Invasion of Britain by Julius Caesar, with Replies to the Remarks of the Astronomer-Royal and of the late Camden Professor of Ancient History at Oxford, 2nd edn, London.

Lewis, D. (1992) The sands of time: Cornwall's Hayle to Gwithian Towans. In Coastal Dunes: Geomorphology, Ecology and Management: Proceedings of the 3rd European Dune Congress, Galway, Ireland, 17–21 June 1992 (eds R.W.G. Carter, T.G.F. Curtis and M.J. Sheehy-Skeffington), A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 463–73.

Lewis and Duvivier (1976) Study of littoral movements: Selsey Bill to Pagham Harbour. Consultants' Report to Chichester District Council and Southern Water Authority.

Lewis, W.V. (1931) Effect of wave incidence on the configuration of a shingle beach. Geographical Journal, 78, 131–48.

Lewis, W.V. (1932) The formation of Dungeness foreland. Geographical Journal, 80, 309–24.

Lewis, W.V (1937) The formation of Dungeness and Romney marsh. Transactions of the Southeastern Union of Science Societies, 42, 65–70.

Lewis, W.V. (1938) The evolution of shoreline curves. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 49, 107–27.

Lewis, W.V. and Balchin, W.G.V. (1940) Past sea levels at Dungeness. Geographical Journal, 96, 258–85.

Long, A.J. and Fox, S. (1988) The geomorphology of Denge Beach. Unpublished report for the Nature Conservancy Council and the Romney Marsh Research Trust.

Long, A.J. and Hughes, P.D.M. (1995) Mid and late Holocene evolution of the Dungeness foreland, U.K. Marine Geology, 124 (1–4), 253–71.

Long, A.J. and Innes, J.B. (1993) Holocene sea-level changes and coastal sedimentation in Romney Marsh, south-east England, UK. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 104, 223–37.

Long, A.J. And Innes, J.B. (1995a) A palaeoenvironmental investigation of the 'Midley Sand' and associated deposits at the Midley Church Bank, Romney Marsh. In Romney Marsh: the Debatable Ground (ed. J. Eddison), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 41, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 37–50.

Long, A.J. and Innes, J.B. (1995b) The back-barrier and barrier depositional history of Romney Marsh, Walland Marsh and Dungeness, Kent, England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 10 (3), 267–83.

Long, A.J., Plater, A.J., Waller, M.P. and Innes, J.B. (1996) Holocene coastal sedimentation in the eastern English Channel: new data from the Romney Marsh region, United Kingdom. Marine Geology, 136, 97–120.

Long, A.J., Waller, M., Hughes, P. and Spencer, C. (1998) The Holocene depositional history of Romney Marsh Proper. In Romney Marsh: Environmental Change and Human Occupation in a Coastal Lowland (eds J. Eddison, M. Gardiner and A. Long), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 46, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 45–64.

Long, D., Smith, D.E. and Dawson, A.G. (1989) A Holocene tsunami deposit in eastern Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science, 4, 61–6.

Lovegrove, H. (1953) Old shorelines near Camber Castle. Geographical Journal, 119, 200–7.

Lumsden, G.I. and Davies, A. (1965) The buried channel of the River Nith and its marked change in level across the Southern Upland fault. Scottish Journal of Geology, 1, 134–43.

Lyell, C. (1835) Principles of Geology, Being an Attempt to Explain the Former Changes of the Earth's Surface, by Reference to Causes now in Operation, 4th edn, Murray, London, 4 volumes.

Lyell, C. (1867) Principles of Geology, Being an Attempt to Explain the Former Changes of the Earth's Surface, by Reference to Causes now in Operation, 10th edn, Murray, London, 4 volumes.

Mackie, W. (1897) The sands and sandstones of eastern Moray. Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, 7, 148–72.

Mackintosh, D. (1868) On the mode and extent of encroachment of the sea on some parts of the shores of the Bristol Channel. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 24, 277–90.

MacLaren, A. (1974) A Norse house on Drimore machair, South Uist. Glasgow Archaeological Journal, 3, 9–18.

MacTaggart, F. (1996) Rinns of Islay SSSI. Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

MacTaggart, F. (1997a) Loch Maddy–Sound of Harris SSSI. Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

MacTaggart, F. (1997b) Barry Links SSSI. Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

MacTaggart, F. (1997c) Luskentyre Banks and Saltings (incorporating Luskentyre-Corran Seilebost GCR site). Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

MacTaggart, F. (1998a) West Coast of Jura. Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

MacTaggart, F. (1998b) Sands of Forvie and Ythan Estuary SSSI and Foveran Links SSSI. Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

MacTaggart, F. (1998c) Pabbay SSSI. Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

MacTaggart, F. (1998d) Gruinart Flats SSSI. Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

MacTaggart, F. (1999) Balta SSSI. Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Battleby, Perth

MacTaggart, F. (1999) Southern Parphe SSSI. Unpublished Earth Science Documentation Series, Scottish Natural Heritage, Perth.

Maddock, H.E. (1875) Changes in the coastline, especially between Beachy Head and Hastings. Eastbourne Natural History Society, 1, 1–6.

Maddrell, R.J. (1996) Managed coastal retreat, reducing flood risks and protection costs, Dungeness nuclear power station, U.K. Coastal Engineering, 28, 1–15.

Madgett, P.A. (1975) Re-interpretation of Devensian till stratigraphy in eastern England. Nature, 253, 105–7.

Madgett, P.A. and Catt, J.A. (1978) Petrography, stratigraphy and weathering of late Pleistocene tills in east Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, and north Norfolk. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 42, 55–108.

Madgett, P.A. and Inglis, E.A. (1987) A re-appraisal of the erratic suite of the Saunton and Croyde areas, North Devon. Report and Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art, 119, 135–44.

Marex (1975) Environmental conditions west of the Shetlands – Aug 1974. Report No. 158, Marine Exploration Ltd, Cowes.

Marker, M.E. (1967) The Dee estuary: its progressive silting and salt marsh development. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 41, 65–71.

Marshall, J,R, (1960) The physiographic development of Caerlaverock Merse. Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, 39, 102–23

Marshall, J.R. (1962) The morphology of the upper Solway salt marshes. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 78 (2), 81–99.

Martin, J.M. (1872) Exmouth Haven and its threatened destruction. Report and Transactions of the Devon Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art, 5, 84–9.

Martin, J.M. (1876) The changes at Exmouth Haven. Report and Transactions of the Devon Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art, 8, 453–60.

Martin, J.M. (1893) The changes at Exmouth Haven. Report and Transactions of the Devon Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art, 25, 406–15.

Mason, S.J. and Hansom, J.D. (1988) Cliff erosion and its contribution to a sediment budget for part of the Holderness coast, England. Shore and Beach, 56, 30–8.

Mason, S.J. and Hansom, J.D. (1989) A Markov model for beach changes on the Holderness coast of England. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 14, 731–43.

Masselink, G. and Short, A.D. (1993) The effect of tide range on beach morphodynamics and morphology: a conceptual beach model. Journal of Coastal Research, 9, 785–800.

Mate, I.D. (1991) The theoretical development of machair in the Hebrides. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 108 (1), 35–8.

Mather, A.S. (1979) Beaches of Southwest Scotland, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, 2 volumes.

Mather, A.S. and Ritchie, W. (1977) The Beaches of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, 201 pp.

Mather, A.S. and Smith, J.S. (1974) Beaches of Shetland, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, 103 pp.

Mather, A.S., Smith, J.S. and Ritchie, W (1974) The Beaches of Orkney, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, 168 pp.

Mathieson, J. (1928) The antiquities of the St Kilda Group of islands. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 62, 123–32.

May, V.J. (1964) A study of recent coastal changes in south-east England. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Southampton.

May, V.J. (1966) A preliminary study of recent coastal changes and sea defences in southeast England. Southampton Research Series in Geography, 3, 3–24.

May, V.J. (1971a) The retreat of chalk cliffs. Geographical Journal, 137, 203–6.

May, V.J. (1971b) Hengistbury Head. In Field Studies in South Hampshire and the Surrounding Region (ed. M.J. Clark), Southampton Branch of the Geographical Association, Southampton, pp. 111–16.

May, V.J. (1971c) South Haven Peninsula and Ballard Down, Hengistbury Head. In Field Studies in South Hampshire and the Surrounding Region (ed. M.J. Clark), Southampton Branch of the Geographical Association, Southampton, pp. 90–7.

May, V.J. (1975) Cliff erosion and beach development, Shipstal Point. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 97, 8–12.

May, V.J. (1985) Geomorphological aspects of Dungeness. In Dungeness — Ecology and Conservation, Report of a meeting held at Botany Department, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, on 16 April 1985 (eds B. Ferry and S. Waters), Focus on Nature Conservation, No. 12, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, pp. 2–12.

May, V.J. (1990) Unravelling the coastline at Lulworth: from muddy boots to submarine acoustics Journal of the National Association of Field Studies Officers, 1, 19–21.

May, V. J.(1992) Coastal tourism, geomorphology and geological conservation: the example of south central England. In Tourism vs Environment: the Case for Coastal Areas (ed. P.P. Wong), Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, pp. 3–10.

May, V.J. (1997a) Physiography of coastal cliffs. In Dry Coastal Ecosystems: General Aspects (ed. E. van der Maarel), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 29–41.

May, V.J. (1997b) Studland beach: changes in the beach and dunes and their implications for shoreline management between Poole Harbour and Old Harry. Report to the National Must.

May, V.J. (1999) Where will our coast be In 2020? Strategies for managing retreat in comercially valuable and intensively used dunes and cuffed coasts of high nature conservation value. In Vision 2020: the People, the Coast, the Ocean, Coastal Zone '99 Conference, San Diego (ed. Urban Harbors Institute), pp. 212–14.

May, V.J. (in press) Chalk coasts. In Encyclopaedia of Coastal Science (ed. M. Schwartz), Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht.

May, V.J. and Heeps, C. (1985) The nature and rates of change on chalk coastlines. In Geomorphology of Changing Coastlines (ed. E.C.F. Bird), Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplement band, No. 57, Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, pp. 81–94.

May, V.J. and Heeps, C. (in press) The Studland peninsula. In Coastal Landforms of East Dorset (ed. R. Allison), Geologists' Association Guide, Geologists' Association, London.

May, V.J. and Schwartz, M.L. (1981) Worldwide coastal sites of special scientific interest. In Coastal Dynamics and Scientific Sites (eds E.C.F. Bird and K. Koike), Komazawa University, Tokyo, pp. 91–118.

McCann, S.B. (1961) The raised beaches of western Scotland. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.

McCann, S.B. (1964) The raised beaches of north-east Islay and western Jura, Argyll. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 35, 1–16.

McCann, S.B. (1968) Raised shore platforms in the Western Isles of Scotland. In Geography of Aberystwyth. Essays Written on the Occasion of the Departmental Diamond Jubilee 1917/18–1967/68 (eds E.G. Bowen, H. Carter and J.A. Taylor), University of Wales Press, Cardig pp. 22–34.

McCave, I.N. (1978a) Grain size trends and transport along beaches: example from East Anglia. Marine Geology, 28, M43-M57.

McCave, I.N. (1978b) Fine sediment sources and sinks around the East Anglian coast. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 144, 149–52.

McCave, I.N. (1978c) Sediments of the East Anglian coast. East Anglian Coastal Research Programme, Report 6, University of East Anglia, Norwich, 94 pp.

McCullagh, M.J. and King, C.A.M. (1970) Spitsym: a Fortran W computer program for spit simulation. Kansas State Geological Survey/University of Kansas Contribution, 50, 1–20.

McFarlane, P.B. (1955) Survey of two drowned river valleys in Devon. Geological Magazine, 92, 419–29.

McGregor, D.F.M. and Green, C.P. (1989) Geomorphological conservation assessment of coastal shingle systems. Geodeo Plus, 1, 189–90.

McInnes, I.J. (1964) The Neolithic and Bronze Age pottery of Luce Sands, Wigtownshire. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquities, Scotland, 97, 40–81.

McLeod, C.R., Yeo, M., Brown, A.E., Burn, A.J., Hopkins, J.J., and Way, S.F. (eds.) (2002) The Habitats Directive: Selection of Special Areas of Conservation in the UK. 2nd edn. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.

McManus, J. and Wal, A. (1996) Sediment accumulation mechanisms on the Tentsmuir coast. In Fragile Enviroments: the Use and Management of Tentsmuir National Nature Reserve, Fife (ed. G. Whittington), Scottish Cultural Press, Edinburgh, pp. 1–15.

Middlemiss, F.A. (1983) Instability of Chalk cliffs between the South Foreland and Kingsdown, Kent, in relation to geological structure. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 94, 115–22.

Miller, J. (1979) The Physical Landscape. In A St Kilda Handbook (ed. A. Small), University of Dundee Occasional Paper, No. 5, National Trust for Scotland, Edinburgh, pp. 11–16.

Miller, J.A. and Mohr, P.A. (1965) Potassium-argon age determinations on rocks from St Kilda and Rockall. Scottish Journal of Geology 1(1), 93–9.

Miller, R. (1976) Orkney, Batsford, London, 192 pp.

Misdorp, J., Dronkers, J. and Spradley, J.R. (eds) (1990) Strategies for Adaptation to Sea Level Rise, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Ministry of Transport and Public Works, The Hague.

Mitchell, G.F. (1960) The Pleistocene history of the Irish Sea. Advancement of Science, 17, 313–25.

Mitchell, G.F. and Orme, A.R. (1967) The Pleistocene deposits of the Isles of Scilly. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 123, 59–92.

Moller, I. (1998) Wave attenuation over salt marsh surfaces. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge.

Monkhouse, F.J. (1954) Principles of Physical Geography, University of London Press, London, 452 pp.

Monkhouse, F.J. (1965) A Dictionary of Geography, Edward Arnold, London, 344 pp.

Moore, J.R. (1968) Recent sedimentation in northern Cardigan Bay, Wales. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Mineralogy, 2 (2), 1–131.

Moore, R. (1991) The chemical and mineralogical controls upon the residual strength of pure and natural clays. Geotechnique, 41, 35–47.

Moore, R. and Brunsden, D. (1996) A physiochemical mechanism of seasonal mudsliding. Geotechnique, 46, 259–78.

Morey, C.R. (1976) The natural history of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve, IX. The morphology and history of the lake basins. Field Studies, 4, 353–68.

Morey C.R. (1980) The origin and development of a coastal lagoon system, Start Bay, south Devon. Unpublished MPhil thesis, Council for National Academic Awards (CNAA).

Morey, C.R. (1983) The evolution of a barrier-lagoon system — a case study from Start Bay. Proceedings of the Ussher Society, 5, 454–9.

Mörner, N.-A. (1972) Isostasy, eustasy and crustal sensitivity Tellus, 24, 586–92.

Mörner, N.-A. (1973) Eustatic changes during the last 3000 years. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 13, 1–14.

Mortimer, D. (2002) Wash and North Norfolk Coast European Site. Management Scheme, Report for English Nature, Peterborough.

Mortimore, R.N., Wood, C.J. and Gallois, R.W. (2001) British Upper Cretaceous Stratigraphy, Geological Conservation Review Series, No. 23, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, 558 pp.

Mottershead, D.N. (1967) The evolution of the Valley of the Rocks. Exmoor Review, 8, 69–72.

Mottershead, D.N. (1981) The persistence of oil pollution on a rocky shore. Applied Geography, 1, 297–304.

Mottershead, D.N. (1986) Classic Landforms of the South Devon Coast, Classic Landform Guides, No. 5, Geographical Association, Sheffield, 48 pp.

Mottershead, D.N. (1989) Rates and patterns of bedrock denudation by coastal salt spray weathering: a seven year record. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 14 (5), 383–98.

Mottershead, D.N. (1998) Coastal weathering of greenschist in dated structures, south Devon, UK. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 31 (4), 343–46.

Mottram, B. (1972) Some aspects of the evolution of parts of the Dorset coast. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 94, 21–6.

Motyka, J.M. and Brampton, A.H. (1993) Coastal Management: Mapping of Littoral Cells. HR Wallingford Ltd Report, No. SR328.

Murphy, P and Funnell, B.M. (1979) Preliminary Holocene stratigraphy of Brancaster Marshes. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Norfolk, 31, 11–16.

Murthy, T.K.S. and Cook, J. (1962) Maximum wave heights in Liverpool Bay. Vickers-Armstrong Department of Design, Report V3031/HYDRO/04.

Mykura, W. (1976) British Regional Geology. Orkney and Shetland, Natural Environment Research Council, Institute of Geological Sciences, HMSO, Edinburgh, 149 pp.

Nature Conservancy Council (1987) St Kilda: National Nature Reserve, Nature Conservancy Council, North West Scotland Region, Inverness.

Nature Conservancy Council, Geology and Physiography Section (1976) Shetland: localities of geological and geomorphological importance. NCC Report, NC 158K, Geology and Physiography Section, Nature Conservancy Council, Newbury 64 pp.

Nature Conservancy Council, Geology and Physiography Section (1978) Orkney: Localities of Geological and Geomorphological Importance, Geology and Physiography Section, Nature Conservancy Council, Newbury, 47 pp.

Neate, D.J.M. (1967) Underwater pebble grading of Chesil Bank. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 78, 419–26.

Needham, S. (1988) A group of Early Bronze Age axes from Lydd. In Romney Marsh: Evolution, Occupation, Reclamation (eds J. Eddison and C. Green), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 24, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 77–82.

Nicholls, R.J. (1984) The formation and stability of shingle spits. Quaternary Newsletter, 44, 14–21.

Nicholls, R.J. (1985) The stability of shingle beaches in the eastern half of Christchurch Bay. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Southampton.

Nicholls, R.J. (1987) Evolution of the upper reaches of the Solent River and the formation of Poole and Christchurch Bays. In Wessex and the Isle of Wight Field Guide Prepared to Accompany the Annual Field Meeting Held at Southampton and Cowes 21–25 April 1987 (ed. K.E. Barber), Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, pp. 99–114.

Nicholls, R.J. and Clark, M.J. (1986) Flandrian peat deposits at Hurst Castle spit. Proceedings of the Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society, 42, 15–21.

Nicholls, R.J. and Webber, N.B. (1987a) The past, present and future evolution of Hurst Castle spit, Hampshire. Progress in Oceanography, 18, 119–37.

Nicholls, R.J. and Webber, N.B. (1987b) Coastal erosion in the eastern half of Christchurch Bay. In Planning and Engineering Geology (eds M.G. Culshaw, F.G. Bell, J.C. Cripps and M. O'Hara), Engineering Special Publication, No. 4, Geological Society of London, London, pp. 549–54.

Nicholls, R.J. and Webber, N.B. (1987c) Aluminium pebble tracer experiments on Hurst Castle spit. In Proceedings of Coastal Sedimentology '87', American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 1563–77.

Nicholls, R.J. and Webber, N.B. (1989) Characteristics of shingle beaches with reference to Christchurch Bay, S. England. In Proceedings of the 21st Coastal Engineering Conference, Malaga, Spain (ed. B.L. Edge), American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 1922–36.

Norman, M.W. (1887) A Popular Guide to the Geology of the Isle of Wight; with a Note on its Relation to that of the Isle of Purbeck, Knight's Library, Ventnor, 240 pp.

North Norfolk District Council, Great Yarmouth Borough Council, Waveney District Council and the National Rivers Authority (1996) Sheringham to Lowestoft Shoreline Management Plan.

North, F.J. (1929) The Evolution of the Bristol Channel, with Special Reference to the Coast of South Wales, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, 103 pp.

Nowell, D.A.G. (1995) Faults in the Purbeck–Isle of Wight monocline. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 106, 145–50.

Nowell, D.A.G. (1998) Structures affecting the coast around Lulworth Cove, Dorset, and syn-sedimentary Wealden faulting. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 108, 257–68.

Nunny, R.S. (1995) Lyme Bay Environmental Study. Volume 1: Hydrography; Volume 2: Sediments. Project Report by Ambios Environmental Consultants Ltd for Kerr McGee Oil (UK) plc, 18 pp + appendices.

Oertel, G.F. (1979) Barrier island development during the Holocene recession, south-eastern USA. In Barrier Islands (ed. S.P. Leatherman), Academic Press, New York, pp. 273–90.

Ogilvie, A.G. (1923) The physiography of the Moray Firth coast. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 53, 377–404.

Oldale, R.N. (1985) A drowned Holocene barrier spit off Cape Ann, Massachusetts. Geology, 13, 375–7.

Oliver, F.W. (1913) Some remarks on Blakeney Point, Norfolk. Journal of Ecology, 1, 4–15.

Oliver, F.W. (1929) Blakeney Point reports. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 12, 630–53.

Oliver, F.W. and Salisbury, E.J. (1913) Topography and vegetation of Blakeney Point. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 9, 502–42.

Onyett, D. and Simmons, A. (1983) East Anglian Coastal Research Project Final Report, Geobooks, Norwich, 125 pp.

Orford, J.D. (1977) Some aspects of beach ridge development on a fringing gravel beach, Dyfed, west Wales. In Les ales Atlantiques de l'Europe: kolution, Amenagement, Protection (ed. A. Guilcher), Actes de Colloques, No. 9, Centre National pour l'Exploitation des Oceans, Brest, pp. 35–44.

Orford, J.D. and Carter, R.W.G. (1982) Crestal overtop and washover sedimentation on a fringing sandy gravel barrier coast, Carnstone Point, SE Ireland. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 52, 265–78.

Orford, J.D. and Jennings, S. (1998) The importance of different time-scale controls on coastal management strategy: the problem of Porlock gravel barrier, Somerset, UK. In Coastal Defence and Earth Science Conservation (ed. J. Hooke), The Geological Society Publishing House, Bath, pp. 87–102.

Orford, J.D. and Wright, P (1978) What's in a name? — descriptive or genetic implications of 'ridge and runnel' topography. Marine Geology, 28, M1-M8.

Orford, J.D., Carter, R.W.G. and Jennings, S.C. (1991) Coarse clastic barrier environments: evolution and implications for Quaternary sea level interpretation. Quaternary International, 9, 87–104.

Orford, J.D., Carter, R.W.G., McKenna, J. and Jennings, S.C. (1995) The relationship between the rate of mesoscale sea-level rise and the rate of retreat of swash-aligned gravel-dominated barriers. Marine Geology, 124, 177–86.

Orford, J.D., Carter, R.W.G. and Jennings, S.C. (1996) Control domains and morphological phases in gravel-dominated coastal barriers. Journal of Coastal Research, 12, 589–605.

Orford, J.D., Wilson, P., Wintle, A.G., Knight, J. and Braley, S. (2000) Coastal dune initiation and development in Northumberland and Norfolk: Holocene and Recent scenarios. In Holocene Land-Ocean Interaction and Environmental Change around the North Sea (eds I. Sherman and J.E. Andrews), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 166, Geological Society of London, London, pp. 197–217.

Orford, J.D., Jennings, S.C. and Forbes, D.L. (2001) Origin, development, reworking and breakdown of gravel-dominated coastal barriers in Atlantic Canada: future scenarios for the British coast. In Ecology and Geomorphology of Coastal Shingle (eds J.R. Packham, R.E. Randall, R.S.K. Barnes, and A. Neale), Westbury Academic and Scientific Publishing, Otley, pp. 23–55.

Orme, A.R. and Orme, A.J. (1988) Ridge and runnel enigma. Geographical Review, 78, 169–84.

Ovington, J.D. (1950) The afforestation of Culbin Sands.Journal of Ecology, 38, 303–19.

Owen, D.E. (1934) The Carboniferous rocks of the north Cornish coast and their structures. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 45 (4), 451–71 + pls 40–2.

Owen, A.E.B. (1952) Coastal erosion in east Lincolnshire. The Lincolnshire Historian, 9, 340–1.

Owen, A.E.B. (1974–1975) Hafdic: a Lindsey name and its implications. The English Place Name Society Journal, 7, 45–56.

Owens, J.S. and Case, G.O. (1908) Coast Erosion and Foreshore Protection, St Bride's Press, London, 144 pp.

Packham, J.R. and Liddle, M.J. (1970) The Cefni salt marsh, Anglesey, and its recent development. Field Studies, 3, 331–56.

Packham, J.R. and Willis, A.J. (1997) Ecology of Dunes, Salt marsh and Shingle, Chapman and Hall, London, 335 pp.

Packham, J.R. and Willis, A.J. (1997) Braunton Burrows in context: a comparative management study. In Coastal Dune Management: Shared Experience of European Conservation Practice (eds J.A. Houston, S.E. Houston and P.J. Rooney), Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, pp. 65–79.

Packham, J.R., Randall, R.E., Barnes, R.S.K. and Neal, A. (2001) Ecology and Geomorphology of Coastal Shingle, Westbury Academic and Scientific Publishing, Otley, 460 pp.

Palmer, H.R. (1834) Observations on the motions of shingle beaches. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A124, 567–76.

Parker, W.R. (1971) Aspects of the marine environment at Formby Point, Lancashire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Liverpool.

Parker, W.R. (1975) Sediment mobility and erosion on a multi-barred foreshore (southwest Lancashire, UK). In Nearshore Sediment Dynamics and Sedimentation (eds J. Hails and A. Carr), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 151–80.

Paskoff, R. (1978) Sur l'evolution geomorphologique du grand escarpment côtier du desert Chilien. Geographie, Physique et Quaternaire, 32, 351–60.

Paskoff R. (1985) Les Littoraux, Masson, Paris, 190 pp.

Paskoff R. and Sanlaville, P. (1978) Observations géomorphologiques sur les côtes de l'archipel Maltais. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Neue Folge, 22, 310–28.

Paterson, I.B. (1981) The Quaternary geology of the Buddon Ness area of Tayside, Scotland. Report of the Institute of Geological Sciences, 81/1, 9 pp.

Peacock, D.C.P. and Sanderson, D.J. (1993) Estimating strain from fault slip using a line sample. Journal of Structural Geology, 15, 1513–16.

Peacock, D.C.P. and Sanderson, D.J. (1994) Geometry and development of relay ramps in normal fault systems. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 78, 147–65.

Peacock, G. (1869) On the encroachment of the sea on Exmouth Warren. Advancement of Science, 39, 166.

Peacock, J.D., Austin, W.E.N., Selby, I., Graham, F.D.K., Harland, R. and Wilkinson, I.P. (1992) Late Devensian and Flandrian palaeoenvironmental changes in the Scottish continental shelf west of the Outer Hebrides. Journal of Quaternary Science, 7, 145–61.

Peake, J.F. (1960) A salt marsh at Thornham in north-west Norfolk. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 19, 56–62.

Peake, D.S. (1961) Glacial changes in the Alyn river system and their significance in the glaciology of the north Welsh border, QuarterlyJournal of the Geological Society of London, 117, 335–66.

Pengelly, W (1870) Modern and ancient beaches of Portland. Report and Transactions of the Devon Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art, 4, 195–205.

Penny, L.F., Coope, G.R. and Catt, J.A. (1969) Age and insect fauna of the Dimlington silts, east Yorkshire. Nature, 224, 65–7.

Perkins, E.J. (1973) The Marine Flora and Fauna of the Solway Firth, Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Dumfries, 112 pp.

Perkins, E.J. and Williams, B.R.H. (1966) The Biology of the Solway Firth in Relationship to the Movement and Accumulation of Radioactive Materials. II. The Distribution of Sediments and Benthos. UKAEA Production Report, 587(cc), Chapelcross.

Perkins, J.W. (1980) Cliff and Slope Stability, South Wales, Department of Extra-Mural Studies, University College, Cardiff 206 pp.

Pestrong, R. (1965) The development of drainage patterns on tidal marshes. Stanford University Publication, Geological Sciences, 10, 1–87.

Pethick, J. (1970) Salt-marsh morphology. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.

Pethick, J. (1974) The distribution of salt pans on tidal salt marshes. Journal of Biogeography, 1, 57–62.

Pethick, J. (1980a) Salt-marsh initiation during the Holocene transgression: the example of the north Norfolk marshes, England. Journal of Biogeography, 7, 1–9.

Pethick, J. (1980b) Velocity surges and asymmetry in tidal channels. Estuarine Coastal Marine Science, 11, 331–45.

Pethick, J. (1981) Long-term accretion rates on tidal saltmarshes. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 51, 571–7.

Pethick, J. (1984) An Introduction to Coastal Geomorphology, Edward Arnold, London, 260 pp.

Pethick, J. (1989) Essex saltmarsh erosion. University of Hull, Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies, National Rivers Authority Project, Quarterly Report, 4.

Pethick, J. (1991) Essex saltmarsh erosion. University of Hull, Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies, National Rivers Authority Project, Quarterly Report, 7.

Pethick, J. (1992) Salt marsh geomorphology. In Salt Marshes (eds J.R.L. Allen and K. Pye), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 41–62.

Pethick, J. (1996) Coastal slope development: temporal and spatial periodicity in the Holderness cliff recession. In Advances in Hillslope Processes, Volume 2 (eds M.G. Anderson and S.M. Brooks) John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 897–917.

Pethick, J. (1997) The geomorphology of Morfa Dinnle. Report to Countryside Council for Wales, 13 pp.

Pethick, J. and Leggett, D. (1993) The morphology of the Anglian coast. In Coastlines of the Southern North Sea (eds R. Hillen and H.J. Verhagen), American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 52–64.

Pethick, J., Leggett, D. and Husain, L. (1990) Boundary layers under salt marsh vegetation developed in tidal currents. In Vegetation and Erosion (ed. J.B. Thornes), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 113–24.

Phillips, A.W. (1962) Some aspects of the coastal geomorphology of Spurn Head, Yorkshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Hull.

Phillips, A.W. (1963) Tracer experiments at Spurn Head, Yorkshire. Shore and Beach, 31, 30–5.

Phillips, A.W. (1964) Some observations of coastal erosion: studies at south Holderness and Spurn Head. The Dock and Harbour Authority, 45, 64–6.

Phillips, A.W. (1969) A seabed drifter investigation in Morecambe Bay. The Dock and Harbour Authority, 49, 571.

Phillips, A.W. and Rollinson, W. (1971) Coastal Changes on Walney Island, North Lancashire. Department of Geography, University of Liverpool, Research Paper, 8, 36 pp.

Pile, J. (1996) Defining the coastal zone using environmental science data: implications for cost-benefit analysis in areas prone to landslides. Unpublished MSc thesis, Bournemouth University.

Pingree, R.D. (1978) The formation of The Shambles and other banks by tidal stirring of the seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, UK, 58, 211–26.

Pinot, J. (1963) Quelques accumulations de galets de la côte tregoroise. Annales de Géographie, 72, 13–31.

Pirkis, D.H.B. (1963) The coastline of Foula. Brathay Expedition Group Annual Report and Account of Expeditions in 1963.

Pitty, A.F. (1971) Introduction to Geomorphology, Methuen, London, 526 pp.

Plater, A.J. (1992) The late Holocene evolution of Denge Marsh, southeast England: a stratigraphic, sedimentological and micropalaeontological approach. The Holocene, 2, 63–70.

Plater, A.J. and Sherman, I. (1992) Evidence of Holocene sea level change from the Northumberland coast, eastern England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 103, 201–16.

Plater, A. and Long, A. (1995) The morphology and evolution of Denge Beach and Denge Marsh. In Romney Marsh: the Debatable Ground (ed. J. Eddison), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monorgraph, No. 41, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 8–36.

Plater, A., Huddart, D., Inns, J.B., Pye, K., Smith, A.J. and Tooley, M.J. (1993) Coastal and sea level changes. In The Sand Dunes of the Sefton Coast (eds D. Atkinson and J.A. Houston), National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside, pp. 23–34.

Pontee, N.P. (1995) The morphodynamics and sedimentary architecture of mixed sand and gravel beaches, Suffolk, UK. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Reading.

Potter, J.A. and Hosie, C.A. (2001) Using behaviours to identify rabbit impacts on dune vegetation at Aberffraw, North Wales. In Coastal Dune Management: Shared Experience of European Conservation Practice (eds J.A. Houston, S.E. Edmonson and P.J. Rooney), Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, pp. 108–16.

Potts, E.A. (1968) The geomorphology of the sand dunes of south Wales, with special reference to Gower. Unpublished PhD thesis, University College, Swansea.

Precheur, P (1960) Le Littoral de la Manche de Ste Adresse àAult, SFIL, Poitiers, 138 pp.

Prestwich, J. (1875) On the origin of Chesil Bank, and on the relation of the existing beaches to past geological changes independent of the present coast action. Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 40, 61–114.

Prestwich, J. (1892) The raised beaches and 'head' or rubble-drift of the south of England: their relation to the valley drifts and to the glacial period and on a late post-glacial submergence. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 48, 263–342.

Price, W.A. (1955) Environment and formation of the chenier plain. Quaternaria, 2, 75–86.

Pringle, A.W. (1981) Beach development and coastal erosion in Holderness, north Humberside. In The Quaternary in Britain: Essays, Reviews and Original Work on the Quaternary Published in Honour of Lewis Penny on his Retirement (eds J. Neale and J. Flenley), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 194–205.

Pringle, A.W. (1985) Holderness coast erosion and the significance of ords. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 10, 107–24.

Prior, D.B. (1977) Coastal mudslide morphology and processes on Eocene clays in Denmark. Geografisk Tidskrift, 76, 14–33.

Prior, E.S. (1919) The Bridport shingle. A discussion of pebbles. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club, 40, 52–65.

Psilovikos, A.A. (1974) An examination of some methods of sedimentary analysis with reference to samples from the Gibraltar Point area, Lincolnshire. Unpublished MPhil thesis, University of Nottingham.

Psilovikos, A.A. (1979) Sediment analysis at Gibraltar Point, Lincolnshire. East Midland Geographer, 7, 128–33.

Psuty, N.P. and Moreira, M.E. (1990) Nourishment of a cuffed coastline, Praia da Rocha, The Algarve, Portugal. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, 6, pp. 21–32.

Pye, K. (1990) Physical and human influences on coastal dune development between the Ribble and Mersey estuaries, northwest England. In Coastal Dunes: Form and Process (eds K.F. Nordstrom, N.P. Psuty and R.W.G. Carter), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 339–59.

Pye, K. (1991) Beach deflation and backshore dune formation following erosion under storm surge condition: an example from Northwest England. In Sand, Dust and Soil in their Relation to Aeolian and Littoral Processes (eds O.E. Bardoff-Nielsen and B.B. Willetts), Acta Mechanica, Supplementum 2.

Pye, K. (1992) Saltmarshes on the barrier coastline of North Norfolk, eastern England. In Saltmarshes. Morphodynamics, Conservation and Engineering Significance (eds J.R.L. Allen and K. Pye), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 148–78.

Pye, K. (2001) The nature and geomorphology of coastal shingle. In Ecology and Geomorphology of Coastal Shingle (eds J.R. Packham, R.E. Randall, R.S.K. Barnes and A. Neal), Westbury Academic and Scientific Publishing, Otley, pp. 2–22.

Pye, K. and French, P.W. (1993) Erosion and Accretion Processes on British Saltmarshes. Final Report to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants, Cambridge, 5 volumes.

Pye, K. and Neal, A. (1993) Late Holocene dune formation on the Sefton coast, northwest England. In The Dynamics and Environmental Context of Aeolian Sedimentary Systems (ed. K. Pye), Geological Society of London Special Publication, No. 72, Geological Society, London, pp. 201–17.

Pye, K. and Neal, A. (1994) Coastal dune erosion at Formby Point, north Merseyside, England: causes and mechanisms. Marine Geology, 119, 39–56.

Pye, K. and Smith, A.J. (1988) Beach and dune erosion and accretion on the Sefton coast, northwest England. In Dune/beach Interaction (ed. N.P. Psuty), Journal of Coastal Research Special Issue, No. 3, Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Charlottesville, pp. 33–6.

Pye, K., Stokes, S. and Neal, A. (1995) Optical dating of aeolian sediments from the Sefton coast, northwest England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 106, 281–92.

Pye, K., Dickson, J.A.D., Schiavon, N., Coleman, M.L. and Cox, M. (1990) Formation of siderite-Mg calcite-iron sulphide concretions in intertidal marsh and sandflat sediments, north Norfolk, England. Sedimentology, 37, 325–43.

Quelennec, R.E. (1988) Compte-rendu du Deuxième Séminaire du Projet 'CORINE Érosion Cotière, Marseille, 3 Decembre 1988, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, Marseille, 21 pp.

Ralston, I.B.M. (1983) Relationships between archaeological sites and geomorphology in the coastal zone of northeast Scotland. In Northeast Scotland Coastal Field Guide and Geographical Essays (ed. W Ritchie), Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, pp. 111–25.

Ramsay, D.L. and Brampton, A.H. (2000a) Coastal Cells in Scotland: Cell 5 — Cape Wrath to the Mull of Kintyre. Scottish Natural Heritage Research, Survey and Monitoring Report, No. 147, 92 pp.

Ramsay, D.L. and Brampton, A.H. (2000b) Coastal Cells in Scotland: Cell 1 — St Abbs Head to Fife Ness. Scottish Natural Heritage Research, Survey and Monitoring Report, No. 143, 96 pp.

Ramsay, D.L. and Brampton, A.H. (2000c) Coastal Cells in Scotland: Cell 3 — Cairnbulg Point to Duncansby Head. Scottish Natural Heritage Research, Survey and Monitoring Report, No. 145, 110 pp.

Ramsay, D.L. and Brampton, A.H. (2000d) Coastal cells in Scotland: Cell 2 — Fife Ness to Cairnbulg Point, Scottish Natural Heritage Research, Survey and Monitoring Report, No. 144, 101 pp.

Ramsay, D.L. and Brampton, A.H. (2000e) Coastal Cells in Scotland: Cells 8 & 9 — The Western Isles. Scottish Natural Heritage Research, Survey and Monitoring Report, No. 150, 111 pp.

Ramsay, D.L. and Brampton, A.H. (2000f) Coastal Cells in Scotland: Cell 7 — Mull of Galloway to the inner Solway Firth. Scottish Natural Heritage Research, Survey and Monitoring Report, No. 149, 72 pp.

Ramsay, R.C., Crossley, L.F., Rukin, G., Chaplin, A.W. and Howlett, J.H.D. (1977) Coastal Erosion and Tidal Flooding Risk on the Holderness Coast. Summary and Report of Informal Working Group of Technical Officers (mimeographed), 8 pp.

Ramsey, L.F. (1934) West Wittering Harbour. Sussex County Magazine, 8.

Ramster, J.W. and Hill, H.W. (1969) Current system in the northern Irish Sea. Nature, 224, 59–61.

Randall, R.E. (1973) Shingle Street, Suffolk: an analysis of a geomorphic cycle. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Norfolk, 24, 15–35.

Randall, R.E. (1977) Shingle Street and the sea. Geographical Magazine, 49, 569–73.

Randall, R.E. and Fuller, R.M. (2001) The Orford Shingles, Suffolk, UK: evolving solutions in coastline management. In Ecology and Geomorphology of Coastal Shingle (eds J.R. Packham, R.E. Randall, R.S.K. Barnes and A. Neal), Westbury Academic and Scientific Publishing, Otley, pp. 242–60.

Ranwell, D.S. (1955) Slack vegetation, dune system development and cyclical change at Newborough Warren, Anglesey. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London.

Ranwell, D.S. (1958) Movement of vegetated sand dunes at Newborough Warren, Anglesey. Journal of Ecology, 46, 83–100.

Ranwell, D.S. (1959) Newborough Warren, Anglesey. I. The dune system and dune slack habitat. Journal of Ecology, 47, 571–601.

Ranwell, D.S. (1960) Newborough Warren, Anglesey. II. Plant associes and succession cycles of the sand dune and dune slack vegetation. Journal of Ecology, 48, 117–41.

Ranwell, D.S. (1964) Spartina salt marshes in southern England. H. Rate and seasonal pattern of sediment accretion. Journal of Ecology, 52, 79–94.

Ranwell, D.S. (1968) Coastal marshes in perspective. Regional Studies Group Bulletin, Strathclyde, 9, 1–26.

Ranwell, D.S. (1972) Ecology of Salt Marshes and Sand Dunes, Chapman and Hall, London, 258 pp.

Ranwell, D.S. (1974) The salt marsh to tidal woodland transition. Hydrobiological Bulletin, 8, 139–51.

Ratcliffe, D.A. (ed.) (1977) A Nature Conservation Review. The Selection of Biological Sites of National Importance to Nature Conservation in Britain. Volume 1,

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, for the Natural Environment Research Council and the Nature Conservancy Council, 401 pp.

Reade, T.M. (1872) The post-glacial geology and physiography of west Lancashire and the Mersey estuary. Geological Magazine, 9, 111–19.

Reade, T.M. (1881) On a section of the Formby and Leasowe Marine Beds and Superior Peat Bed, disclosed by cuttings for the outlet sewer at Hightown. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 4, 269–77.

Reade, T.M. (1902) Glacial and post-glacial features of the Lower valley of the River Lune and its estuary. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 9, 163–93.

Reade, T.M. (1908) Post-glacial beds at Great Crosby as disclosed by the new outfall sewer. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 10, 249–61.

Redman, J.B. (1852) On the alluvial formations and the local changes of the south coast of England (including appendix). Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 11, 162–223.

Redman, J.B. (1864) The east coast between the Thames and the Wash estuaries. Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 23, 186–256.

Redstone, V.B. (1908) The Suffolk shore. In Memorials of Old Suffolk (ed. V.B. Redstone), Bemrose and Sons, London, pp. 221–43.

Reed, D.J. (1986) Suspended sediment transport in salt marsh creeks. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.

Reed, D.J. (1987) Temporal sampling and discharge asymmetry in salt marsh creeks. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 25, 459–66.

Reed, D.J. (1988) Sediment dynamics and deposition in a retreating coastal salt marsh. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf 'Science, 26, 67–79.

Reed, D.J. (1990) The impact of sea-level rise on coastal salt marshes. Progress in Physical Geography, 14, 465–81.

Reed, D.J., Stoddart, D.R. and Bayliss-Smith, T.P. (1985) Tidal flows and sediment budgets for a salt-marsh system, Essex, England. Vegetatio, 62, 375–80.

Reid, C. (1885) The Geology of Holderness, and the Adjoining Parts of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 177 pp.

Reid, C. (1898) The Eocene deposits of east Devon. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 54, 234–8.

Reid, C. (1907) The Geology of the Country around Mevagissey, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Sheet 353 (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 73 pp.

Reid, C. and Flett, J.S. (1907) The Geology of the Land's End District, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, sheets 351 and 358 (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 158 pp.

Rendel Geotechnics Consultants (1995) Coastal Planning and Management: Applied earth science mapping: Fraserburgh to Scotstown Head, Grampian Region. Coastal applied earth science mapping case study. Unpublished open file report to Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, London.

Rennie A. and Hansom, J.D. (2001) Shoreline response to changes in sediment supply and sea level on a submerging coast, Sanday, Orkney. Unpublished Annual Progress Report to Scottish Natural Heritage, Edinburgh.

Reynolds, D.H.B. (1986) Dungeness Foreland and its shingle and what lies under them. Geographical Journal, 152, 81–7.

Rhind, D.W. (1965) Evidence of sea-level changes along the coast north of Berwick. Proceedings of the Berwickshire Naturalists Club, 37, 10–15.

Rhind, P.M., Blackstock, T.H., Hardy, H.S., Jones, R.E. and Sandison, W (2001) The evolution of Newborough Warren dunes system with particular reference to the past four decades. In Coastal Dune Management: Shared Experience of European Conservation Practice (eds J.A. Houston, S.E. Houston and P.J. Rooney), Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, pp. 345–79.

Rice, R.J. (1977) Fundamentals of Geomorphology, Longman, London, 387 pp.

Richards, F.J. (1934) The salt marshes of the Dovey estuary, IV. The rates of vertical accretion, horizontal extension and scarp erosion. Annals of Botany, 48, 235–59.

Richards, J. and Pye, K. (2001) The cheniers of the Essex coast: Sedimentology and management for flood defence. In Ecology and Geomorphology of Coastal Shingle (eds J.R. Packham, R.E. Randall, R.S.K. Barnes and A. Neal), Westbury Academic and Scientific Publishing, Otley, pp. 167–71.

Richards, K.S. and Lorriman, N.R. (1987) Basal erosion and mass movement. In Slope Stability (eds M.G. Anderson and K.S. Richards), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, pp. 331–57.

Richardson, N.M. (1900) A recent landslip on Jordan Cliff; with a suggestion as to the causes of hill terraces. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 21, 91–100.

Richardson, N.M. (1902) An experiment on the movements of a load of brickbats deposited on the Chesil Beach. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 23, 123–33.

Riddell, K.J. and Fuller, T.W. (1995) The Spey Bay geomorphological study. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 20, 671–86.

Ringrose, P.S. (1989) Recent fault movement and palaeoseismicity in western Scotland. Tectonophysics, 163, 305–14.

Ringrose, P.S., Hancock, P., Fenton, C. and Davenport, C.A. (1991) Quaternary tectonic activity in Scotland. In Quaternary Engineering Geology: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Engineering Group of the Geological Society (eds A. Forster, M.G. Culshaw and J.A. Little), Engineering Geology Special Publication, No. 7, The Geological Society, London, pp. 679–86.

Ritchie, W. (1966) The post-glacial rise in sea-level and coastal changes in the Uists. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 39, 79–86.

Ritchie, W. (1967) The machair of South Uist. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 83, 161–73.

Ritchie, W. (1968) The Coastal Geomorphology of North Uist, O'Dell Memorial Monograph, No. 1, University of Aberdeen, Department of Geography, Aberdeen, 32 pp.

Ritchie, W. (1971) The Beaches of Barra and the Uists: a Survey of the Beach, Dune and Machair Areas of Barra, South Uist, Benbecula, North Uist and Berneray, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, 83 pp.

Ritchie, W. (1976) The meaning and definition of machair. Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 42, 431–40.

Ritchie, W (1979a) Machair development and chronology of the Uists and adjacent islands. In The Natural Environment of the Outer Hebrides (ed. J.M. Boyd), Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 77B, 107–22.

Ritchie, W (1979b) The Beaches of Fife, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, for the Countryside Commission for Scotland (Perth), 92 pp.

Ritchie, W. (1980) The beach, dunes and machair landforms of Pabbay, Sound of Harris. In Sand Dune Machair 3: Report on Meeting in the Outer Hebrides, 14.46 July 1978 (ed. D.S. Ranwell), Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Cambridge, pp. 13–19.

Ritchie, W (ed) (1983) Northeast Scotland Coastal Field Guide and Geographical Essays, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen.

Ritchie, W. (1983) The Sands of Forvie. In Northeast Scotland Coastal Field Guide and Geographical Essays (ed. W. Ritchie), Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, pp. 12–19.

Ritchie, W. (1984) A Preliminary Study of the West Coast of Orkney, Shell UK Exploration and Production, Aberdeen.

Ritchie, W. (1985) Intertidal and subtidal organic deposits and sea level changes in the Uists, Outer Hebrides. Scottish Journal of Geology, 21, 161–76.

Ritchie, W. (1992) Scottish landform examples 4 Coastal parabolic dunes of the Sands of Forvie. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 108 (1), 39–44.

Ritchie, W. (1997) The geomorphology of the sands of Forvie. In The Ythan, Festschrift for Professor George M. Dunnet (ed. M.L. Gorman), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen.

Ritchie, W and Crofts, R. (1974) The Beaches of Islay, Colonsay and Jura, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, 195 pp.

Ritchie, W and Mather, A.S. (1969) The Beaches of Sutherland: a Survey of the Beach, Dune and Machair Areas of North and West Sutherland, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen.

Ritchie, W. and Mather A.S. (1970a) The Beaches of Caithness: a Survey of the Beach, Dune and Dune Pasture Areas of Caithness, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, 68 pp.

Ritchie, W and Mather, A.S. (1970b) The Beaches of Lewis and Harris, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, 113 pp.

Ritchie, W. and Mather, A.S. (1984) The Beaches of Scotland, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, 130 pp.

Ritchie, W and Whittington, G. (1994) Non-synchronous aeolian sand movements in the Uists: the evidence of the intertidal organic and sand deposits at Cladach Mòr, North Uist. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 110 (1), 40–6.

Ritchie, W, Rose, N. and Smith, J.S. (1978) The Beaches of Northeast Scotland, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, 278 pp.

Ritchie, W, Whittington, G. and Edwards, K.J. (2001) Holocene changes in the geomorphology and vegetational history of the Atlantic littoral of the Uists, Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 92, 121–36.

Robertson, D.A. (1955) The ecology of the sand dune vegetation of Ross Links, Northumberland, with special reference to secondary succession in the blowouts. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Durham.

Robertson, I. (1990) Erosion and stability of till cliffs on the Holdemess coast. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

Robertson-Rintoul, M.J. (1985) The morphology and dynamics of parabolic dunes within the context of the coastal dune systems of mainland Scotland. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Oxford.

Robertson-Rintoul, M.J. (1990) A quantitative analysis of the near-surface wind flow pattern over coastal parabolic dunes. In Coastal Dunes. Form and Process (eds K.F. Nordstrom, N. Psuty and R.W.G. Carter), Coastal Morphology and Research, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, pp. 57–78.

Robin, G. de Q. (1986) Changing the sea level. In The Greenhouse Effect, Climatic Change and Ecosystems (eds B. Bolin,. B.R. Doos, J. Jager and R.A. Warrick), SCOPE, No. 29, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester.

Robinson, A.H.W. (1953a) The changing coastline of Essex. Essex Naturalist, 29, 78–93.

Robinson, A.H.W. (1953b) The storm surge of 31 January–1 February 1953. Geography, 38, 141–60.

Robinson, A.H.W. (1955) The harbour entrances of Poole, Christchurch and Pagham. Geographical Journal, 121, 33–50.

Robinson, A.H.W. (1961) The hydrography of Start Bay and its relationship to beach changes at Hallsands. Geographical journal, 121, 63–77.

Robinson, A.H.W. (1964) The inshore waters, sediment supply and coastal changes of part of Lincolnshire. East Midland Geographer, 3, 307–21.

Robinson, A.H.W. (1966) Residual currents in relation to shoreline evolution of the East Anglian coast. Marine Geology, 4, 57–84.

Robinson, A.H.W. (1968) The use of the sea bed drifter in coastal studies with particular reference to the Humber. In Küstengeomorphologie/Coastal Geomorphology, Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementband, 7, 1–23.

Robinson, A.H.W. (1980a) Erosion and accretion along part of the Suffolk coast of East Anglia, England. Marine Geology, 37, 133–46.

Robinson, A.H.W. (1980b) The sandy coast of south-west Anglesey. Transactions of the Anglesey Antiquarian and Field Club, (1980), 37–66.

Robinson, A.H.W. and Milward, J. (1983) The Shell Book of the British Coast, David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 560 pp.

Robinson, D. (1987) The Wash: geographical and historical perspectives. In The Wash and its Environment (eds J.P. Doody and B. Barnett), Focus on Nature Conservation, No. 5, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, pp. 23–33.

Robinson, D.A. and Jerwood, L.C. (1987a) Sub-aerial weathering of chalk shore platforms during harsh winters in southeast England. Marine Geology, 77, 1–14.

Robinson, D.A. and Jerwood, L.C. (198Th) Frost and salt weathering of chalk shore platforms near Brighton, Sussex, U.K. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 12 (2), 217–26.

Robinson, D.A. and Jerwood, L.C. (1987c) Subaerial weathering of chalk shore platforms during harsh winters in south-east England. Marine Geology, 77, 1–14.

Robinson, I.S., Warren, L. and Longbottom, J.F. (1983) Sea level fluctuations in the Fleet, an English tidal lagoon. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 16, 651–68.

Robinson, L.A. (1974) Towards a process-response model for cliffed coasts. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Leeds.

Robinson, L.A. (1976a) The micro-erosion meter technique in a littoral environment. Marine Geology, 22, 51–8.

Robinson, L.A. (1976b) The morphology of the north-east Yorkshire coastline. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Neue Folge, 20, 331–49.

Robinson, L.A. (1977a) Marine erosion processes at the cliff foot. Marine Geology, 23, 257–71.

Robinson, L.A. (197Th) Erosion processes on the shore platform of north-east Yorkshire. Marine Geology, 23, 339–61.

Robinson, L.A. (1977c) The morphology and development of the north-east Yorkshire shore platforms. Marine Geology, 23, 237–55.

Rodwell, J.S. (ed.) (2000) British Plant Communities. Volume 5. Maritime Communities and Vegetation of Open Habitats, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 512 pp.

Rogers, E.H. (1946) The raised beach, submerged forest and kitchen midden of Westward Ho!, and the submerged stone row of Yelland. Proceedings of the Devon Archaeological Exploration Society, 3, 109–35.

Rogers, I. (1908) On the submerged forest at Westward Ho!. Report and Transactions of the Devon Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art, 40, 249–59.

Rogers, J.J. (1859) Strata of the Cober Valley, Loe Pool, near Helston. Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, 7, 352–4.

Ross, S. (1992) The Culbin Sands — Fact and Fiction. University of Aberdeen, Centre for Scottish Studies, Aberdeen, 196 pp.

Rossiter, J.R. (1967) An analysis of sea level variations in European Waters. The Geophysical journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, A246, 371–400.

Rossiter, J.R. (1972) Sea-level observations and their secular variation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A272, 131–9.

Rowe, S.M. (1978) An Investigation of the Erosion and Accretion Regime on the Saltmarshes of the Upper Solway Firth from 1946–1975, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough.

Roy, P.S., Cowell, P.J., Ferland, M.A. and Thom, B.G. (1994) Wave-dominated coasts. In Coastal Evolution: Late Quaternary Shoreline Morphodynamics (eds R.W.G. Carter and C.D. Woodroffe), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 121–86.

Roy, P.S. (1967) The recent sedimentology of Scolt Head Island, Norfolk. Unpublished PhD thesis, Imperial College, London.

Roy, W. (1747) Military Survey of Scotland, sheet 31.

Royal Commission on Coastal Erosion and Afforestation (1907–11) Report and Minutes of Evidence 1907; Report and Minutes of Evidence 1909; Report 1911, HMSO, London.

Russell, J.K. (1978) Tidal currents and sediment movement in the nearshore zone at Gibraltar Point. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.

Russell, R.C.H. (1956) Discussion following Williams, W.W. An east coast survey: some recent changes in the coast of East Anglia. Geographical Journal, 122, 317–34.

Russell, R.J. (1971) Water-table effects on sea coasts. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 82, 2343–8.

Salisbury, E.J. (1952) Downs and Dunes: their Plant Life and its Environment, Bell, London, 328 pp.

Sarre, R.D. (1989) Aeolian sand drift from the intertidal zone on a temperate beach: potential and actual rates. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 14 (3), 247–58.

Sarrikostis, E. and McManus, J. (1987) Potential longshore transports on the coasts north and south of the Tay estuary. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 92B, 335–44.

Savigear, RA.G. (1952) Some observations on slope development in south Wales. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 18, 31–51.

Schumm, S.A. and Lichty, R.W. (1965) Time, space and causality in geomorphology. American Journal of Science, 263, 110–9.

Scott, P.A. (1976) Beach development along the Holderness coast, north Humberside, with special reference to ords. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Lancaster.

Scourse, J.D. (1987) Periglacial sediments and Landforms in the Isles of Scilly and west Cornwall. In Periglacial Processes and Landforms in Britain and Ireland (ed. J. Boardman), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 225–36.

Scourse, J.D. (1991) Glacial deposits of the Isles of Scilly. In Glacial deposits in Great Britain and Ireland (eds J. Ehlers, P.L. Gibbard and J. Rose), A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 291–300.

Searle, S.A. (1975) The Tidal Threat, The Dunes Group, Chichester, 26 pp.

Sedgwick, A. and Murchison, R.I. (1840) On the Physical Structure of Devonshire: and on the Subdivisions and Geological Relations of its Older Stratified Deposits. Transactions of the Geological Society of London, Series 2, 5, 633–703.

Shockley, M. (1981) Environmental Archaeology, Allen and Unwin, London, 213 pp.

Sherman, I. (1989) Holocene crustal movements and sea-level changes in Great Britain. Journal of Quaternary Science, 4, 77–89. Shepard, F.P. (1952) Revised nomenclature for depositional coastal features. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 36 (10), 1902–12.

Shepard, F.P. (1963) Submarine Geology, 2nd edn, Harper and Row, New York, 557 pp.

Sheppard, T. (1906) List of papers, maps, etc., relating to the erosion of the Holdemess coast, and to changes in the Humber estuary. Transactions of the Hull Geological Society, 6 (1), 43–57.

Sheppard, T. (1912) The Lost Towns of the Yorkshire Coast and Other Chapters Bearing Upon the Geography of the District, A. Brown and Sons, London, 329 + xviii pp.

Sherwood, B.R. Gardiner, B.G. and Harris, T. (2000) British Saltmarshes. Forest Text for the Linnean Society of London, 418pp.

Shi, Z. (1992) Application of the 'Pjerup approach' for the classification of sediments in the microtidal Dyfi estuary, west Wales, U.K. Journal of Coastal Research, 8, 482–91.

Shi, Z. and Lamb, H. (1991) Post-glacial sedimentary evolution of a microtidal estuary Dyfi estuary, west Wales, U.K. Sedimentary Geology, 73, 227–46.

Silvester, R. (1960) Stabilization of sedimentary coastlines. Nature, 188, 467–9.

Simons, D.B. and Richardson, E.V. (1961) Forms of bed roughness in alluvial channels. American Society of Civil Engineers Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 87, 81–105.

Single, M.B. and Hansom, J.D. (1994) Torrs Warren-Luce Sands SSSI: Documentation and Management Prescription. Scottish Natural Heritage Research, Survey and Monitoring Report, No 13, 85 pp.

Sissons, J.B. (1967) The Evolution of Scotland's Scenery, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 259 pp.

Sissons, J.B. (1972) Dislocation and nonuniform uplift of raised shorelines in the west-em part of the Forth valley. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 55, 145–59.

Sissons, J.B. (1974) Lateglacial marine erosion In Scotland. Boreas, 3, 41–8.

Sissons, J.B. (1976) Scotland, The geomorphology of the British Isles Series, Methuen, London, 150 pp.

Sissons, J.B. (1981) British shore platforms and ice sheets. Nature, 291, 473–5

Sissons, J.B. (1982) The so-called high 'interglacial' rock shoreline of western Scotland. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series 7(2), 205–16 + map.

Sissons, J.B. and Cornish, R. (1982) Differential glacio-isostatic uplift of crustal blocks at Glen Roy, Scotland. Quaternary Research, 18, 268–88.

Slade, G.O. (1962) Westward Ho! pebble ridge. The Surveyor and Municipal and County Engineer, 23 (June), 812–14.

Sly, P.G. (1966) Marine geological studies in Liverpool Bay and adjacent areas. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Liverpool.

Small, R.J. (1970) A Study of Landforms, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 486 pp.

Small, R.J. (1978) A Study of Landforms, 2nd edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 502 pp.

Smart, J.G.O. (1966) Geology of the Country Around Canterbury and Folkestone, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, sheets 289, 305 and 406 (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 337 pp.

Smeaton, J. (1791) A Narrative of the Building and a Description of the Construction of the Edystone Lighthouse with Stone: to which is Adjoined, an Appendix, Giving Some Account of the Lighthouse on Spurn Point, Built Upon a Sand, J. Smeaton, London, 198 pp.

Smith, D.E. (1997) Sea-level change in Scotland during the Devensian and Holocene. In Reflections on the Ice Age in Scotland (ed. J.E. Gordon), Scottish Association of Geography Teachers/Scottish Natural Heritage, Glasgow, pp. 136–51.

Smith, D.E., Firth, C.R., Turbayne, S.C. and Br000ks, C.L. (1992) Holocene relative sea-level changes and shoreline displacement in the Dornoch Firth area, Scotland. Proceedings of the Geological Association, 103, 237–57.

Smith, J. (1903) Torrs Warren. Annals of the Andersonian Society, Glasgow, 111, 34–52.

Smith, J. (1993) The Houb, Dales Voe: coastal processes. In Shetland Isles (eds J. Birnie, J. Gordon, K. Bennett and A. Hall), Quaternary Research Association Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, Cambridge, p. 60.

Smith, J.S. (1968) Shoreline evolution in the Moray Firth. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Aberdeen.

Smith, J.S. (1974) A report on the current situation at Whiteness Head, Inverness-shire, with particular reference to the environmental effects of the McDermott fabrication yard. Report for Inverness County Council and the Highlands and Islands Development Board, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen.

Smith, J.S. (1978) A new method of salt-pan formation in intertidal marshes. Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 43, 127–30.

Smith, J.S. (1983) The Morrich More. In North-East Scotland Coastal Field Guide and Geographical Essays (ed. W Ritchie), International Geographical Union Coastal Commission, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, pp. 43–5.

Smith, J.S. (1986) The coastal topography of the Moray Firth. In The Marine Environment of the Moray Firth (ed. R. Ralph), Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 91B, pp. 1–12.

Smith, J.S. (1993) St. Ninian's Tombolo GCR Site. Unpublished GCR report, Scottish Natural Heritage.

Smith, J.S. and Mather, A.S. (1973) The Beaches of East Sutherland and Easter Ross, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, 97 pp.

Smith, P.H. (1999) The Sands of Time. An Introduction to the Sand Dunes of the Sefton Coast, National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside, Liverpool.

Sneddon, P and Randall, R.E. (1993a) Coastal Vegetated Shingle Structures of Great Britain: Main Report, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.

Sneddon, P and Randall, R.E. (1993b) Coastal Vegetated Shingle Structures of Great Britain. Appendix 1: Shingle Sites in Wales, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.

Sneddon, P and Randall, R.E. (1994a) Coastal Vegetated Shingle Structures of Great Britain. Appendix 2: Shingle Sites in Scotland, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.

Sneddon, P. and Randall, R.E. (1994b) Coastal Vegetated Shingle Structures of Great Britain. Appendix 3: Shingle Sites in England, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.

So, C.L. (1965) Coastal platforms of the Isle of Thanet, Kent. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37, 147–56.

Somerville, A.A., Hansom, J.D., Sanderson, D.C.W. and Housley, R.A. (2003) Optically stimulated luminescence dating of large storm events in northern Scotland. Quaternary Science Reviews, 22, 1085–92.

Sparks, B.W. (1960) Geomorphology, Longman, London, 371 pp.

Sparks, B.W. (1971) Rocks and Relief, Longman, London, 404 pp.

Spearing, H.G. (1884) On the recent encroachment of the sea at Westward Ho!, north Devon. Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London, 40, 474.

Spencer, C.D., Plater, A.J. and Long, A.J. (1998a) Holocene barrier beach evolution: the sedimentary record of Walland Marsh. In Romney Marsh: Environmental Change and Human Occupation in a Coastal Lowland (eds J. Eddison, M. Gardiner and A. Long), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 46, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 13–30.

Spencer, C.D., Plater, A.J. and Long, A.J. (1998b) Rapid coastal change during the mid- to late-Holocene: the record of barrier estuary sedimentation in the Romney Marsh region, southeast England. The Holocene, 8, 143–63.

Stamp, D.L. (1947) Britain's Structure and Scenery, 2nd edn, The New Naturalist, No. 4, Collins, London.

Stapleton, C. and Pethick, J. (1996) Coastal Processes and Management of Scottish estuaries I: The Dornoch, Cromarty and Beauly/Inverness Firths, Scottish Natural Heritage Review, No. 50, Scottish Natural Heritage, Edinburgh, 99 pp + maps.

Steers, J.A. (1925) The Suffolk shore. Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and Natural History, 19, 1–14.

Steers, J.A. (1926a) Orford Ness; a study in coastal physiography. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 37, 306–25.

Steers, J.A. (1926b) Scolt Head. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 12, 84–8.

Steers, J.A. (1926c) Scolt Head Island part 1. The physiographical evolution of Scolt Head Island. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 12, 229–45.

Steers, J.A. (1927) The East Anglian coast. Geographical Journal, 69, 24–48.

Steers, J.A. (1929) Geographical work on Scolt Head Island and adjacent areas. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 12, 664–7.

Steers, J.A. (1933) Scolt Head Island report for 1931–32. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 13, 293–5.

Steers, J.A. (1934a) Scolt Head Island report for 1933. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 13, 324–32.

Steers, J.A. (1934b) Scolt Head Island. Geographical Journal, 83, 479–94.

Steers, J.A. (1934c) Scolt Head Island: the Story of its Origin: the Plant and Animal Life of the Dunes and Marshes, Heifer, Cambridge, 234 pp.

Steers, J.A. (1935a) Scolt Head Island report for 1933–34. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 13, 418–21.

Steers, J.A. (1935b) A note on the rate of sedimentation on a salt marsh on Scolt Head Island, Norfolk. Geological Magazine, 72, 443–5.

Steers, J.A. (1936a) Scolt Head Island report for 1934–35. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 14, 55–60.

Steers, J.A. (1936b) Some notes on the north Norfolk coast from Hunstanton to Brancaster: a supplement to the paper on Scolt Head Island, Geographical Journal, 87, 35–46

Steers, J.A. (1937) The Culbin Sands and Burghhead Bay. Geographical Journal, 90, 498–528.

Steers, J.A. (1938a) Scolt Head Island report for 1936–37 and some notes on the north Norfolk coast. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 14, 210–16.

Steers, J.A. (1938b) The rate of sedimentation on salt marshes on Scolt Head Island, Norfolk. Geological Magazine, 75, 26–39.

Steers, J.A. (1939a) Scolt Head Island Part 1. Report for 1938. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 14, 391–4.

Steers, J.A. (1939b) Sand and shingle formations in Cardigan Bay. Geographical Journal, 94, 209–27.

Steers, J.A. (1940) Scolt Head report for 1939. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 15, 41–6.

Steers, J.A. (1942) The physiography of East Anglia (Presidential address). Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 15, 231–58.

Steers, J.A. (1946a) The Coastline of England and Wales, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 644 pp.

Steers, J.A. (1946b) Twelve years' measurement of accretion on Norfolk salt marshes. Geological Magazine, 85, 163–6.

Steers, J.A. (1948a) Accretion on Scolt Head Island marshes. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 16, 280–2.

Steers, J.A. (1948b) Notes on the new map of Blakeney Point. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 16, 283.

Steers, J.A. (1951a) Recent changes on the marshland coast of north Norfolk. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 17, 206–13.

Steers, J.A. (1951b) Notes on the erosion along the coast of Suffolk. Geological Magazine, 88, 435–9.

Steers, J.A. (ed.) (1952) A Guide to Blakeney Point and Scolt Head Island, The National Trust, London, 53 pp.

Steers, J.A. (1953a) The Sea Coast, New Naturalist Series, No. 25, Collins, London, 276 pp.

Steers, J.A. (1953b) The east coast floods, January 31-February 1, 1953. Geographical Journal, 119, 280–98.

Steers, J.A. (1954) Shoreline changes on the marshland coast of north Norfolk, 1951–53. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 17, 322–6.

Steers, J.A. (ed.) (1960) Scolt Head Island, 2nd edn, Heller, Cambridge, 269 pp.

Steers, J.A. (1962) Coastal cliffs: report of a symposium. Geographical Journal, 128, 303–20.

Steers, J.A. (1964a) The Coastline of England and Wales, 2nd edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 762 pp.

Steers, J.A. (ed.) (1964b) Blakeney Point and Scolt Head Island, The National Trust, London, 76 pp.

Steers, J.A. (1969) The Sea Coast, 4th edn, New Naturalists Series, No. 25, Collins, London, 276 pp.

Steers, J.A. (ed.) (1971a) Introduction to Coastline Development, Geographical Readings, Macmillan, London, 229 pp.

Steers, J.A. (1971b) Blakeney Point and Scolt Head Island, 2nd edn, The National Trust, London, 84 pp.

Steers, J.A. (1973) The Coastline of Scotland, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 335 + xvi pp.

Steers, J.A. (1977) Physiography. In Wet Coastal Ecosystems (ed. V.J. Chapman), Ecosystems of the World, No. 1, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 31–60.

Steers, J.A. (1981) Coastal Features of England and Wales. Eight Essays, Oleander Press, Cambridge, 206 pp.

Steers, J.A. and Grove, A.T. (1954) Shoreline changes on the marshland coast of north Norfolk, 1951–53. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 17, 322–6.

Steers, J.A. and Haas, J.A. (1964) An aid to stabilization of sand dunes; experiments at Scolt Head Island. Geographical Journal, 130, 265–7.

Steers, J.A. and Jensen, J.A.R. (1953) Winterton Ness. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 17, 259.

Steers, J.A. and Kendall, O.D. (1928) Scolt Head Island. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 12, 461–7.

Steers, J.A. and Slater, L. (1932) Scolt Head Island 1931. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 13, 130–3.

Steers, J.A. and Thomas, H.D. (1929a) Vegetation and sedimentation as illustrated in the region of the Norfolk salt marshes. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 40, 341–52.

Steers, J.A. and Thomas, H.D. (1929b) The visit to Blakeney Point and Hunstanton. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 40, 353–6.

Steers, J.A., Stoddart, D.R., Bayliss-Smith, T.P., Spencer, T. and Durbridge, P.M. (1979) The storm surge of 11 January 1978 on the east coast of England. Geographical Journal, 145, 192–205.

Stephens, N. (1966) Some Pleistocene deposits in North Devon. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, 15, 103–14.

Stephens, N. (1974) Some aspects of the Quaternary of South-West England; Westward Ho!; The Fremington area; North Devon; Hartland Quay and Damhole Point; Chard area and the Axe Valley section. In Exeter Field Meeting, Easter 1974 (ed. A. Straw), Field Handbook, Quaternary Research Association, Exeter, pp. 5–7, 25–7, 28–9, 35–42, 45, 46–51.

Stephens, N. and Shakesby, R.A. (1982) Quaternary evidence in South Gower. In Geographical Excursions from Swansea. Volume 1: Physical Environment (ed. G. Humphrys), Department of Geography, University College, Swansea, pp. 33–50.

Stephens, N. and Synge, F.M. (1966) Pleistocene shorelines. In Essays in Geomorphology (ed. G.H. Dury), Heinemann, London, pp. 1–52.

Stephenson, W.T. and Kirk, R.M. (2000a) Development of shore platforms on Kaikoura Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand. Part I: the role of waves. Geomorphology, 32, 21–41.

Stephenson, W.T. and Kirk, R.M. (2000b) Development of shore platforms on Kaikoura Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand. Part 2: the role of subaerial weathering. Geomorphology, 32, 43–56.

Stoddart, D.R. and Bayliss-Smith, T.P. (1985) Tidal flows and sediment budgets for a salt-marsh system, Essex, England. Vegetatio, 375–80.

Stoddart, D.R., Reed, D.J. and French, J.R. (1989) Understanding salt-marsh accretion, Scolt Head Island, Norfolk, England. Estuaries, 12, 228–36.

Stone, J., Lambeck, K., Fifield, L.K., Evans, J.M. and Cresswell, R.G. (1996) A Lateglacial age for the Main Rock Platform, western Scotland. Geology 24 (8), 707–10.

Stove, C.G. (1978) The hydrology, circulation and sediment movements of the Ythan estuary. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Aberdeen.

Strahan, A. (1898) The Geology of the Isle of Purbeck and Weymouth, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Sheet 17, HMSO, London, 278 pp.

Strahan, A. (1907) Evidence given to Royal Commission on Coastal Erosion and Afforestation (1907–1911). Report and minutes of evidence, 149.

Straw, A. (1979) Eastern England. In Eastern and Central England (eds A. Straw and K.M. Clayton), Methuen, London, pp. 1–139.

Straw, A. and Clayton, K.M. (1979) The Midlands and Eastern England, Methuen, London, 247 pp.

Stuart, A. and Hookway, R.J.S. (1954) Coastal Erosion at Westward Ho!. Report to the Coast Protection Committee (Special), Devon County Council, 13 pp.

Stuart, A. and Simpson, B. (1937) The shore sands of Devon and Cornwall. Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, 17, 13–40.

Stumpf, R.P. (1983) The process of sedimentation on the surface of a salt marsh. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 17, 495–508. Suess, E. (1906) The Face of the Earth (Das Antlitz der Erde) (translation by W.J. Sollas), Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Summers, I. (1985) Recyling at Dungeness. In Shingle Beaches: Recycling and Nourishment (ed. S.M. Bevan), Hydraulics Research, Wallingford, p. 23.

Sunamura, T. (1973) Coastal cliff erosion due to waves — field investigations and laboratory experiments. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 32, 1–86.

Sunamura, T. (1975) A laboratory study of wave-cut platform. Journal of Geology, 83, 389–97

Sunamura, T. (1976) Feedback relationship in wave erosion of laboratory rocky coasts Journal of Geology, 84, 427.

Sunamura, T. (1977) A relationship between wave-induced cliff erosion and erosive force of waves. Journal of Geology, 85, 613–18.

Sunamura, T. (1981) Predictive models for rocky coast erosion. Transactions of the Japanese Geomorphological Union, 2 (1), 131–4.

Sunamura, T. (1983) Processes of sea cliff and platform erosion. In CRC Handbook of Coastal Processes and Erosion (ed. P.D. Komar), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 233–65.

Sunamura, T. (1992) Geomorphology of Rocky Coasts, Coastal Morphology and Research Series, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, 302 pp.

Sutherland, D.G. (1984) The submerged land-forms of the St. Kilda archipelago, western Scotland. Marine Geology, 58, 435–42.

Sutherland, D.G., Ballantyne, C.K. and Walker, M.J.C. (1984) Late Quaternary glaciation and environmental change on St Kilda, Scotland, and their palaeoclimatic sugnificance. Boreas, 13, 261–72.

Suthons, C.T. (1963) Frequency of occurrence of abnormally high sea levels on the east and south coasts of England. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 25, 433–49.

Suzuki, T., Takahashi, K., Sunamura, T. and Terada, M. (1970) Rock mechanics on the formation of washboard-like relief on wave-cut benches at Arasaki, Miura Peninsula, Japan. Geographical Review of Japan, 43, 211–22 [in Japanese; English abstract].

Swift, D.J.P. (1976) Coastal sedimentation. In Marine Sediment Transport and Environmental Management (eds D.J. Stanley and D.J.P Swift), John Wiley and Sons Ltd, New York.

Swinnerton, H.H. (1931) Post-glacial deposits of the Lincolnshire coast. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 87, 360–75.

Swinnerton, H.H. (1936) The physical history of east Lincolnshire. Transactions of the Lincolnshire Naturalists' Union.

Synge, F.M. and Stephens, N. (1966) Late- and post-glacial shorelines and ice-limits in Argyll and north-east Ulster. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 39, 101–25.

Tansley, A.G. (1939) The British Islands and their Vegetation, Cambridge University Press, Cambirdge, 2 volumes, 484 pp. and 545 pp.

Tansley, A.G. (1945) Our Heritage of Wild Nature: a Plea for Organised Nature Conservation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 74 pp.

Thom, C. and Thom, F. (eds) (1983) Domesday Book: 7 Dorset, Phillimore, Chichester, 61 pp.

Thomas, C. (1953–1954) Proceedings of the West Cornwall Field Club, New Series, Appendix to Volume 1, 19, 53–6 and 59.

Thomson, J. (1832) Maps of the Orkney Isles. In The Atlas of Scotland, Thomson, Edinburgh.

Thompson, C. (1923) The erosion of the Holderness coast. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 20 (1), 32–9.

Thompson, T. (1824) The History of the Church and Priory of Swine in Holderness, J. Nichols and Son, Hull, 326 pp.

Thorn, B. (1960) The Design of Sea Defence Works, Butterworths Scientific Publications, London, 106 pp.

Thorpe, K. (1998) Marine Nature Conservation Review Sectors 1 and 2. Lagoons in Shetland and Orkney: Area Summaries, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.

Tija, H.D. (1985) Notching by abrasion on a limestone coast. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 29, 367–72.

Ting, S. (1936) Beach ridges and other shore deposits in south-west Jura. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 52, 182–7.

Ting, S. (1937) The coastal configuration of western Scotland. Geografiska Annaler, 19, 62–83.

Tooley, M.J. (1969) Sea-level changes and the development of coastal plant communities during the Flandrian in Lancashire and adjacent areas. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Lancaster.

Tooley, M.J. (1970) The peat beds of the southwest Lancashire coast. Nature in Lancashire, 1, 19–26.

Tooley, M.J. (1971) Evolution of the Fylde coast. In Aspects of Fylde Geography (ed. A.R. Wilson), Geographical Association, Blackpool, pp.

Tooley, M.J. (1973) Flandrian sea-level changes in north-west England and pan-North-west European correlations. Abstracts, INQUA 9th Congress, Christchurch, New Zealand, 373–4.

Tooley, M.J. (1974) Sea level changes during the last 9000 years in north-west England. Geographical Journal, 140, 18–42.

Tooley, M.J. (1976) Flandrian sea level changes in west Lancashire and their implications for the 'Hillhouse Coastline'. Geological Journal, 11, 137–52.

Tooley, M.J. (ed.) (1977a) The Isle of Man, Lancashire Coast and Lake District, International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, A4, GeoAbstracts, Norwich, 60 pp.

Tooley, K.J. (1977b) The Quaternary of northwest England and the Isle of Man. In The Isle of Man, Lancashire Coast and Lake District (ed. M.J. Tooley), International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, A4, GeoAbstracts, Norwich, pp.

Tooley, M.J. (1978) Sea-level Changes in North West England during the Flandrian Stage, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 232 pp.

Tooley, M.J. (1982) Sea level changes in northern England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 93, 43–51.

Tooley, M.J. (1985a) Sea level changes and coastal morphology in northeast England. In The Geomorphology of North-West England (ed. R.H. Johnston), Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 94–121.

Tooley, M.J. (1985b) Climate, sea level and coastal changes. In The Climatic Scene (eds M.J. Tooley and G.M. Sheail), Allen and Unwin, London, pp. 206–34.

Tooley, M.J. (1992) Recent sea-level changes. In Saltmarshes. Morphodynamics, Conservation and Engineering Significance (eds J.R.L. Allen and K. Pye), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 19–40.

Tooley, M.J. (1993) Long term changes in eustatic sea level. In Climate and Sea Level Change, (eds R.A. Warwick, E.M. Barrow and T.M.L. Wigley), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 81–107.

Tooley, M.J. (1995) Romney Marsh: the Debatable Ground. In Romney Marsh: the Debatable Ground (ed. J. Eddison), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 41, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 1–7.

Tooley, M.J. and Kear, R. (1977) Shirdley Hall Sand Formation. In The Isle of Man, Lancashire Coast and Lake District (ed. Mj. Tooley) International Union for Quaternary Research Guidebook for Excursion, A4, GeoAbstracts, Norwich, pp. 9–12.

Tooley, M.J. and Shennan, I. (eds) (1987) Sea-level Changes, Institute of British Geographers Special Publication, No. 20, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 397 pp.

Tooley, Mj. and Switsur, R. (1988) Water level changes and sedimentation during the Flandrian Age in the Romney Marsh area. In Romney Marsh: Evolution, Occupation, Reclamation (eds J. Eddison and C. Green), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 24, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 53–71.

Torr, C. (1923) Small Talk at Wreyland, Series HI, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 112 pp.

Toy, H.S. (1934) The Looe Bar near Helston, Cornwall. Geographical Journal, 83, 40–8.

Travis, C.B. (1922) On peaty beds in the Wallasey Sand-hills. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 13, 207–14.

Travis, C.B. (1926) The peat and forest bed of the south-west Lancashire coast. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 14, 263–77.

Travis, C.B. (1929) The peat and forest beds of Leasowe, Cheshire. Proceedings of the Liverpool Geological Society, 15, 157–78.

Travis, W.G. (1908) On plant remains in peat in the Shirdley Hill Sand at Aintree, South Lancashire. Proceedings of the Liverpool Botanical Society, 1, 47–52.

Trenhaile, A.S. (1969) A geomorphological investigation of shore platforms and high-water rock ledges in the Vale of Glamorgan. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Wales.

Trenhaile, A.S. (1971) Lithological control of high-water rock ledges in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. Geografiska Annaler, 53A, 59–69.

Trenhaile, A.S. (1972) The shore platforms of the Vale of Glamorgan. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 56, 127–44.

Trenhaile, A.S. (1974a) The geometry of shore platforms in England and Wales. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 62, 129–42.

Trenhaile, A.S. (1974b) The morphology and classification of shore platforms in England and Wales. Geografiska Annaler, 56A, 103–10.

Trenhaile, A.S. (1978) The shore platforms of Gaspe, Quebec. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 68, 95–114.

Trenhaile, A.S. (1980) Shore platforms: a neglected coastal feature. Progress in Physical Geography, 4, 1–23.

Trenhaile, A.S. (1982) A reply to A.R. Carr and J. Graff. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 7, 246–7.

Trenhaile, A.S. (1983) The width of shore platforms: a theoretical approach. Geografiska Annaler, 65A, 147–58.

Trenhaile, A.S. (1987) The Geomorphology of Rock Coasts, Oxford Research Studies in Geography, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 384 pp.

Trenhaile, A.S. (1997) Coastal Dynamics and Laruiforms, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 366 pp.

Trenhaile, A.S. and Byrne, M.-L. (1986) A theoretical investigation of the Holocene development of rock coasts, with particular reference to shore platforms. Geografiska Annaler, 68A, 1–14.

Trenhaile, A.S. and Layzell, M.G.J. (1981) Shore platform morphology and the tidal duration factor. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 6 (1), 82–102.

Trenhaile, A.S., Perez Alberti, A., Martinez Cortizas, A., Costa Casais, M. and Blanco Chao, R. (1999) Rock coast inheritance: an example from Galacia, northwestern Spain. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24 (7), 605–21.

Trudgill, S.T. (1987) Bioerosion of intertidal limestone, County Clare, Eire. B. Zonation, process and form. Marine Geology, 74, 111–21.

Trueman, A.E. (1922) Liassic rocks of Glamorgan. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 33, 245–84.

Trueman, A.E. (1930) The Lower Lias of Nash Point, Glamorgan. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 41, 148–59.

Trupin, A. and Wahr, J. (1990) Spectroscopic analysis of global tide gauge sea level data. Geophysical Journal International, 100, 441–53.

Tucker, M.J.(1963) Analysis of records of sea waves. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 26, 304–16.

Twidale, C.R. (1968) Geomorphology: With Special Reference to Australia, Nelson, Melbourne, 406 pp.

UKDMAP (1998) United Kingdom Digital Marine Atlas, 3rd edn, British Oceanographic Data Centre, Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory, Bidston.

Ussher, W.A.E. (1908) The Geology of the Quantock Hills and of Taunton and Bridgwater, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Sheet 295 (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 109 pp.

Valentin, H. (1954) Der Landverlust in Holderness, Ostengland, von 1852 bis 1952. Die Erde, 6, 296–315.

Valentin, H. (1961) The central west coast of Cape York peninsula. Australian Geography, 8, 65–72.

Valentin, H. (1971) Land loss at Holderness. In Applied Coastal Geomorphology (ed. J.A. Steers), Macmillan, London, pp. 116–37.

van Straaten, L.M.J.U. (1959) Littoral and submarine morphology of the Rhone delta. In Second Coastal Geography Conference, held on April 69, 1969 at the Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University (ed. R.J. Russell), Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Washington D.C., pp. 233–64.

Victoria University of Manchester (1983) Holderness Coast Erosion: Pre-feasibility Study: Final Report. Unpublished report prepared for the Humberside Joint Advisory Committee on Coast Protection.

Viles, H.A. and Spencer, T. (1995) Coastal problems: Geomorphology, Ecology and Society at the Coast, Edward Arnold, London, 350 pp.

Vincent, C.E. (1979) Longshore sand transport rate — a simple model for the East Anglian coastline. Coastal Engineering, 3, 113–36.

Vladimirov, A.T. (1961) The morphology and evolution of the lagoon coast of Sakhalin. Trudy Institute Okeanology, 48, 145–71.

Vollans, E. (1995) Medieval salt-making and the inning of the tidal marshes at Belgar, Lydd. In Romney Marsb: the Debatable Ground (ed. J. Eddison), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 41, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 118–26.

von Weymarn, J. (1974) Coastline development in Lewis and Harris, Outer Hebrides with particular reference to the effects of glaciation. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Aberdeen.

Wal, A. (1992) Sedimentological effects of aeolian processes active in the Tentsmuir area, Fife, Scotland. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of St Andrews.

Wal, A. and McManus, J. (1993) Wind regime and sand transport on a coastal beach-dune complex, Tentsmuir, eastern Scotland. In The Dynamics and Environmental Context of Aeolian Sedimentary Systems (ed. K. Pye), Geological Society Special Publication, No. 72, Geological Society, London, pp. 159–71.

Walker, M.J.C. (1984) A pollen diagram from St Kilda, Outer Hebrides, Scotland. New Phytologist, 97, 369–404.

Waller, M. (1993) Flandrian vegetation history of south-eastern England. Pollen data from Pannel Bridge, East Sussex. New Phytologist, 124, 345–69.

Waller, M. (1994) Flandrian vegetation history of south-eastern England. Stratigraphy of the Brede valley and pollen data from Brede Bridge. New Phytologist, 126, 369–92.

Waller, M.P., Burrin, P.J and Marlow, A. (1988) Flandrian sedimentation and palaeoenvironments in Pett Level, the Brede and lower Rother valleys and Walland Marsh. In Romney Marsh: Evolution, Occupation, Reclamation (eds J. Eddison and C. Green), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 24, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 3–30.

Walton, K. (1956) Rattray: a study of coastal evolution. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 72, 85–96.

Walton, K. (1959) Ancient elements in the coastline of north-east Scotland. In Essays in Memory of Alan G. Ogilvie, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.

Walton, K and Ritchie, W. (1972) The evolution of the Sands of Forvie and the Ythan estuary. In Northeast Scotland: Geographical Essays (ed. C.M. Clapperton), Department of Geography University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen.

Ward, E.M. (1922) English Coastal Evolution, Methuen, London, 262 pp.

Ward, G. (1931) Saxon Lydd. Arcbaeologia Cantiana, 43, 29–37.

Warrington, G., Cope, J.C.W. and Ivimey-Cook, H.C. (1994) St Audrie's Bay, Somerset, England: a candidate Global Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Jurassic System. Geological Magazine, 131, 191–200.

Wass, M. (1995) The proposed northern course of the Rother: a sedimentological and micro-faunal investigation. In Romney Marsh: the Debatable Ground (ed. J. Eddison), Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph, No. 41, OUCA, Oxford, pp. 51–77.

Waters, S. (1985) Vegetation of natural wetlands. In Dungeness — Ecology and Conservation, Report of a meeting held at Botany Department, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, on 16 April 1985 (eds B. Ferry and S. Waters), Focus on Nature Conservation, No. 12, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough.

Watkin, E.E. (1976) Ynyslas Nature Reserve Handbook, Nature Conservancy Council and University College of Wales, Aberystwyth.

Webster, T. (1816) Additional observations, chiefly geological, on the Isle of Wight. In A Description of the Principal Picturesque Beauties, Antiquities and Geological Phenomena of the Isle of Wight (ed. H.C. Englefield), Payne and Foss, London, p. 238.

West, I.M. (1972) The origin of the supposed raised beach at Porth Neigwl, north Wales. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 83, 191–5.

West, I.M. (1980) Geology of the Solent estuarine system. In The Solent Estuarine System: an Assessment of Present Knowledge (ed. M. Burton), Natural Environment Research Council Publications Series C, No. 22, NERC, Swindon, pp. 6–18.

Wetherill, P.J. (1980) Hydrodynamic process, sediment movement and coastal inlet morphodynamics at the mouth of the River Ythan, Aberdeenshire. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Aberdeen.

Whalley, R.W. (1977) Walney Island. Unpublished BA thesis, University of Southampton.

Wheeler, W.H. (1902) The Sea Coast, Longman, London, 361 pp.

Whittaker, J.E. (1980) The Fleet Dorset: a seasonal study of the watermass and its vegetation. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 100, 73–99.

White, D.J.B. (1979) The effects of the storm of 11th January 1978 at Blakeney Point. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Society, 25, 267–9.

White, H.J.O. (1921) A Short Account of the Geology of the Isle of Wight, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Sheet 10 (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 219 pp.

Whittington, G. (ed.) (1996) Fragile Environments: The Use and Management of Tentsmuir National Nature Reserve, Fife, Scottish Cultural Press, Dalkeith, 120 pp.

Whittow, J.B. (1957) The Lleyn Peninsula, north Wales: a geomorphological study. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Reading.

Whittow, J.B. (1960) Some comments on the raised beach platform of south-west Caernarvonshire and on an unrecorded raised beach at Porth Neigwl, north Wales. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 71, 31–9.

Whittow, J.B. (1965) The interglacial and post-glacial strandlines of north Wales. In Essays in Geography for Austin Miller (eds J.B. Whittow and P.D. Wood), University of Reading, Reading, pp. 94–117

Wilks, P.J. (1977) Holocene sea-level change in the Cardigan Bay area. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Wales (Aberystwyth).

Wilks, P.J. (1979) Mid-Holocene sea-level and sedimentation interactions in the Dovey estuary area, Wales. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 26, 17–36.

Williams, A.T. and Caldwell, N.E. (1981) Sediment disturbance by 'beach paddlers' along the Glamorgan Heritage Coast, United Kingdom. Shore and Beach, 49, 30–3.

Williams, A.T. and Caldwell, N.E. (1988) Particle size and shape in pebble beach sedimentation. Marine Geology, 82, 199–215.

Williams, A.T. and Davies, P. (1984) Cliff failure along the Glamorgan Heritage Coast, Wales, UK. In Mouvements de Térrains (ed. J.-C. Flageollet), Série Documents du Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, 83, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, pp. 109–19.

Williams, A.T. and Davies, P (1987) Rates and mechanisms of coastal cliff erosion in Lower Lias rocks. In Coastal Sediments '87: proceedings of a Speciality Conference on Advances in Understanding of Coastal Sediment Processes, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 12–44 1987 (ed. N.C. Kraus), American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 1855–70.

Williams, A.T., Caldwell, N.E. and Yule, A.P. (1981) Beach morphology changes at Ynyslas Spit, Dyfed, Wales. Cambria, 8, 51–69.

Williams, A.T., Davies, P. and Bomboe, P. (1993) Geometrical simulation studies of coastal cliff failures in Liassic strata, south Wales, U.K. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 18(8), 703–20.

Williams, W.W. (1947) The determination of gradients of enemy held beaches. Geographical Journal, 109, 76–93.

Williams, W.W. (1956) An east coast survey: some recent changes in the coast of East Anglia. Geographical Journal, 122, 317–34.

Williams, W.W. (1960) Coastal Changes, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 220 pp.

Williams, W.W. and Fryer, D.H. (1953) Benacre Ness: an east coast erosion problem. Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors Journal, 32, 772–81.

Willis, A.J. (1963) Braunton Burrows: the effects on vegetation of the addition of mineral nutrients to the dune soils. Journal of Ecology, 51, 353–74.

Willis, A.J. (1965) The influence of mineral nutrients on the growth of Ammophila arenaria Journal of Ecology, 53, 735–45.

Willis, A.J. (1967) A new location for Liparis loeselii. Proceedings of the Botanical Society of the British Isles, 6, 352–3.

Willis, A.J. (1985) Dune water and nutrient regimes — their ecological relevance. In Sand Dunes and their Management (ed. J.P. Doody), Focus on Nature Conservation, No. 13, Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, pp. 159–74.

Willis, A.J. (1989) Coastal sand dunes as biological systems. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 96B, 17–36.

A.J., Folkes, B.F., Hope-Simpson, J.F. and Yemm, E.W. (1959a) Braunton Burrows: the dune system and its vegetation, Part I. Journal of Ecology, 47, 1–24.

A.J., Folkes, B.F., Hope-Simpson, J.F. and Yemm, E.W. (1959b) Brauton Burrows: the dune system and its vegetation, Part II. Journal of Ecology, 47, 249–88.

Willis, A.J. and Jefferies, R.L. (1963) Investigations on the water relations of sand- dune plants under natural conditions. In The Water Relations of Plants (eds A.J. Rutter and F.H. Whitehead), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 168–89.

Wilson, G. (1951) The tectonics of the Tintagel area, north Cornwall. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 106, 393–432.

Wilson, G. (1952) The influence of rock structures on coast-line and cliff development around Tintagel, north Cornwall. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 63, 20–48.

Wilson, G. (1971) The influence of rock structures on coast-line and cliff development around Tintagel, north Cornwall. In Introduction to Coastline Development (ed. J.A. Steers), Macmillan, London, pp. 133–61.

Wilson, K. (1960) The time factor in the development of dune soils at South Haven Peninsula, Dorset. Journal of Ecology, 48, 341–59.

Wilson, V., Welch, F.B.A., Robbie, J.A. and Green, G.W. (1958) The Geology of the Country around Bridport and Yeovil, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, sheets 327 and 312 (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 239 pp.

Winkelmolen, A.M. (1978) Size, shape and density sorting of beach material along the Holderness coast, Yorkshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 42, 109–41.

Wood, A. (1968) Beach platforms in the Chalk of Kent. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Neue Folge, 12, 107–13.

Woodworth, P.L. (1987) Trends in the U.K. mean sea level. Marine Geodesy, 11, 57–87.

Woodworth, P.L. (1990a) Measuring and predicting long term sea level changes. NERC News, 1990 (October), 22–25.

Woodworth, P.L. (1990b) A search for accelerations in records of European mean sea level. International Journal of Climatology, 10, 129–43.

Woodworth, E.L., Shaw, S.M. and Blackman, D.L. (1991) Secular trends in mean tidal range around the British Isles and along the adjacent European coastline. Geophysical Journal International, 104, 593–609.

Woodworth, P.L. (1993) Sea level changes. In Climate and Sea Level Change (eds R.A. Warrick, E.M. Barrow and T.M.L. Wigley), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 379–91.

Wooldridge, S.W. and Linton, D.L. (1955) Structure, Surface and Drainage in Southeast England, George Philip, London, 176 pp.

Wooldridge, S.W. and Morgan, R.S. (1937) The Physical Basis of Geography. An Outline of Geomorphology, University Geographical Series, Longman, London, 445 pp.

Worth, R.H. (1904) Hallsands and Start Bay. Reports and Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, 36, 302–46.

Worth, R.H. (1907) Minutes of evidence to the Royal Commission on Coast Erosion, 1907, 1 (2), Appendix 14, 177–84.

Worth, R.H. (1909) Hallsands and Start Bay, Part II. Hallsands. Reports and Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, 41, 301–8.

Worth, R.H. (1923) Hallsands and Start Bay, Part HI. Reports and Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, 55, 131–42.

Wortham, W.H. (1913) Some Features of the Sand Dunes in the s. w. Corner of Anglesey. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1913.

Wray, D.A. and Cope, V.W. (1948) The Geology of Southport and Formby, Memoir of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, sheets 75 and 83 (England and Wales), HMSO, London, 54 pp.

Wright, L.D. and Short, A.D. (1983) Morphodynamics of beaches and surf zones in Australia. In CRC Handbook of Coastal Processes and Erosion (ed. P.D. Komar), CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 25–64.

Wright, L.D. and Short, A.D. (1984) Morphodynamic variability of surf zones and beaches: a synthesis. Marine Geology, 56, 93–118.

Wright, L.W. (1967) Some characteristics of the shore platforms of the English Channel coast and the northern part of North Island, New Zealand. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Neue Folge, 11, 36–46.

Wright, L.W. (1969) Shore platforms and mass movements: a note. Earth Science Journal, 3, 44–7.

Wright, L.W. (1970) Variation in level of the cliff/shore platform junction along the south coast of Great Britain. Marine Geology, 9, 347–53.

Wright, R (1976) The morphology, sedimentary structures and processes of the foreshore at Ainsdale, Merseyside. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Reading.

Wright, P. (1981) Aspects of the coastal dynamics of Poole and Christchurch Bays. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Southampton.

Wright, P. (1984) Facies development on a barred (ridge and runnel) coastline — the case of south-west Lancashire (Merseyside). In Coastal Research -UK Perspectives (ed. M.W. Clark), Geobooks, Norwich, pp. 105–18.

Wright, R. (1981) The Beaches of Tayside, Department of Geography, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, 66 pp.

Wright, R. and Harris, T.A. (1988) Change detection in physically fragile coastal areas of Scotland by remote sensing. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Coastal Zone, Gold Coast, Queensland, 7–9 September 1988, Department of Geographic Information, Brisbane.

Wright, W.B. (1911) On a pre-glacial shoreline in the Western Isles of Scotland. Geological Magazine, Decade 5, 8, 97–109.

Yapp, R.H., Johns, D. and Jones, O.T. (1917) The salt marshes of the Dovey estuary, Part II. Journal of Ecology, 5, 65–103.

Yates, R.A. (1968) Surveying techniques in coastal geomorphology. In Geography at Aberystwyth (eds E.G. Bowen, H. Carter and J.A. Taylor), University of Wales Press, Cardig pp. 129–42.

Young, A. (1972) Slopes, Geomorphology Texts, No. 3, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 288 pp.

Zenkovich, V.P. (ed. J.A. Steers) (1967) Processes of Coastal Development, Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 738 pp.