Figures and tables

Figures

(Map 1) Location map for the geological itineraries.

(Frontispiece) Geological column for the Mesozoic and Palaeozoic eras. IUGS time scale after Cowie and Bassett (1989).

(Figure 1) Principal features of Lower Palaeozoic geology in south-west Scotland.

(Figure 2) Schematic representation of stratigraphical relationships in south-west Scotland.

(Figure 3) Variable fold style developed within an idealised thrust sequence: examples are seen in the Southern Uplands.

(Figure 4) Summary of information used to establish controls on the timing of Caledonian deformation in the Southern Uplands (cf. Barnes et al., 1989, fig. 1) Ages of post-tectonic plurons (in million years): Carsphairn: 410 ± 4, Rb-Sr, Thirlwall (1988). Loch Doon: 408 ± 2, Rb-Sr, Halliday et al. (1980). Fleer: 392 ± 2, Rb-Sr, Halliday et al. (1980). Criffell: 397 ± 2, Rb-Sr, Halliday et al. ( 1980). Dyke ages (range): Rb-Sr and K-Ar, Rock e. al. (1986b).

(Figure 5) The sequence of Ordovician and Silurian graprolite biozones present in south-west Scotland, with line-drawings of selected graptolites, arranged in stratigraphical order. The graprolites are approximately × 1, and the species are: a. Nemagmptus gracilis (Hall) b. Climacograptus bicornis (Hall) c. Dicranograptus clingani Carruthers d. Orthograptus abbreviatus Elles & Wood e. Dicellograptus anceps (Nicholson) f. Parakiclograptus acuminatus (Nicholson) g. Atavograptus atavus (Jones) h. Monograptus triangulatus (Harkness) 1. Coronograptus gregarius (Lapworth) J. Monograptus convolutus (Hisinger) k. Monograptus sedgwickii (Portlock) l. Monograptus turriculatus (Barrande) m. Monograptus crispus Lapworth n. Monoclimacis griestoniensis (Nicol) o. Monoclimacis crenulata (Elles & Wood) p. Cyrtograptus rigidus TuUberg q. Monograptus flexilis Elles r. Cyrtograptus lundgreni Tullberg.

(Figure 6) Divisions within an idealised turbidite bed after Bouma (1962) and Pickering et al. (1989).

(Figure 7) Depositional environments on a submarine fan.

(Figure 8) Upper Palaeozoic geology in south-west Scotland.

(Figure 9) A selection of characteristic Carboniferous fossils. a. Latiproductus latissimus (Sowerby) × 1. b, c. Syringothyris cuspidata (Sowerby) × 1/2 , dorsal valve and posterior view. d, e. Lithostrotion sp. × 1/2 with cross-section × l. f. Siphonodendron junceum (Fleming) × 1 g. Schellwienella × l , dorsal view. h. Prothyris sp. × 3 1. Gigantoproductus giganteus (Sowerby) × 1/2 Illustrations b, d, e, g, hand i are reproduced by permission of the Natural History Museum, London.

(Figure 10) Locality map for the Langholm and Canonbie excursion.

(Figure 11) Tight, gently plunging folds exposed in the SW face of White Birren Quarry (Locality 2). After Gallagher et al. (1983).

(Figure 12) The Carboniferous section in the Liddel Water at Penton Linns.

(Figure 13) Locality map and outline geology for the Upper Palaeozoic succession of the Thornhill basin

(Figure 14) Park Quarry (Locality 1: Closeburn Limestone Formation).

(Figure 15) Crichope Linn (Locality 2: Coal Measures and Thornhill Sandsrone Formation).

(Figure 16) Jenny Hair's Bridge (Locality 3: Permian sandstone, breccia and basalt).

(Figure 17) Enterkin Burn (Locality 4: Enterkin Mudstone Formation).

(Figure 18) Locality map and outline geology for Rockcliffe to Gutcher's Isle coastal section.

(Figure 19) Locality map for Portling Bay Outline geology after Deegan (1973).

(Figure 20) Locality map and outline geology for the Shawhead excursion in the Crockford area.

(Figure 21) Graptolite biostratigraphy for the Moffat Shale, Gala and Hawick groups in the Shawhead area.

(Figure 22) Locality map and outline geology for the Kirkcudbright excursion.

(Figure 23) Outline geology of the Shoulder O'Craig volcanic vent (Locality 1).

(Figure 24) Locality map and geological notes for the west side of Brighouse Bay (Locality 2).

(Figure 25) Detail of structure near Dunrod Point (Locality 2).

(Figure 26) Examples of graptolites from the Ross Formation all x 5, except for a and b, x 10. (a, b) Barrandeograptus? bornholmensis (Laursen), centrifugus Biozone. (c) Monoclimacis cf. vomerina vomerina (Nicholson), centrifugus to riccartonensis biozones. (d) Monoclimacis vomerina basilica (Lapworth), centrifugus to riccartonensis biozones. (e) Monoclimacis vomerina s.l. (Nicholson), centrifugus to riccartonensis biozones. (f, g) Monograptus riccartonensis Lapworth, riccartonensis Biozone.

(Figure 27) Locality map and outline geology for the Afton Water section and Hare Hill (after Floyd, 1982).

(Figure 28) Locality map and outline geology For the Bail Hill area (after McMurtry, 1980a).

(Figure 29) Locality map and outline geology for the Loch Doon-Carsphairn area.

(Figure 30) Locality map for the Girvan–Ballantrae excursion and outline geology of the Ballantrae ophiolite Complex.

(Figure 31) Locality map and outline geology for Balcreuchan Port (Locality 1) and the coastal section to the south-west.

(Figure 32) Schematic illustration Stratigraphical relationships above the Ballantrae Complex south of Girvan. Northwards marine transgression was controlled by a sequence of faults (developed in the order 1 to 3 etc.) throwing down to the south.

(Figure 33) Locality map and outline geology for the Dumfries excursion.

(Figure 34) Cross-section through an idealised large dune structure illustrating formation of bounding surfaces (not to scale). Adapted from Brookfield (1977b, 1979).

(Figure 35) Locality map and outline geology for the Southerness shore section (Localities 1–4).

(Figure 36) Locality map and outline geology for the shore section between Powillimount and Hogus Point (Localities 5–10).

(Figure 37) Locality map and outline geology for the Ministry of Defence Dundrennan Range.

(Figure 38) Shore section between Gipsy Point and Mullock Bay showing localities and outline geology.

(Figure 39) Locality map and outline geology for the Gatehouse of Fleet excursion.

(Figure 40) Locality map and outline geology for the Whithorn excursion.

(Figure 41) Sketch section of the Back Bay cliffs (Locality 2). Letters a to f identify points of particular interest discussed in the text.

(Figure 42) Locality map and outline geology for the Barrhill area (Localities 1–5).

(Figure 43) Measured sections in the Lower Palaeozoic strata between Banhill and Newton Stewart.

(Figure 44) Locality map and outline geology for the area north-west from Newton Stewart (Localities 6- 10).

(Figure 45) Outline geology for the Rhins of Galloway 122.

(Figure 46) Summary of Lower Palaeozoic stratigraphy on the Rhins of Galloway.

(Figure 47) Locality map and outline geology for the Finnarts Bay area (Locality l).

(Figure 48) Locality map and outline geology for the Corsewall Poinr area (Locality 3).

(Figure 49) Locality map and outline geology for the Killantringan area (Locality 4) .

(Figure 50) Locality map and outline geology for the Drumbreddan Bay area (Local iry 7).

(Figure 51) Locality map and outline geology for the Clanyard Bay area (Locality 9).

(Figure 52) Locality map and outline geology for the West Tarbet area (Locality 10).

(Figure 53) Locality map for the Creetown, Cairnsmore of Fleer, Clatteringshaws and Glentrool excursion.

(Figure 54) Locality map and outline geology for Creetown and Cairnsmore of Fleet.

(Figure 55) Locality map and outline geology For the Moniaive Shear Zone excursion.

(Figure 56) Schematic illustration of kinematic indicators within a sinistral shear zone. For more detailed illustrations see White et al. (1986). a. asymmetry of steeply plunging folds. b. S-C mylonite. c. asymmetric augen structures. d. extensional crenulation cleavage. Scale range for each kinematic indicator shown.

(Figure 57) Locality map for the section from Bread and Beer (Locality 5) to Corriedoo (Locality 6).

(Figure 58) Locality map for the Durisdeer section (Locality 7).

(Figure 59) Examples of some of the Ordovician graptolites found in south-west Scotland, all about twice natural size. a. Dicellograptus anceps (Nicholson) —anceps Biozone. b. Orthograptus abbreviatus Elles & Wood chiefly anceps Biozone. c. Climacograptus supernus Elles & Wood anceps Biozone. d. Leptograptus fiaccidus (Hall) — clingani and linearis biozones. e. Neurograptus margaritatus (Lapworth) clingani Biozone. f. Corynoides calicularis Nicholson — peltifer?and wilsoni biozones to clingani Biozone. g. Dicranograptus ramosus (Hall) — chiefly clingani Biozone. h. Orthograptus quadrimucronatus (Hall) clingani and linearis biozones. i. Climacograptus caudatus Lapworth —lower clingani Biozone. j. Climacograptus bicornis (Hall) — upper gracilis to wilsoni biozones. k. 'Glyptograptus' euglyphus (Lapworth) chiefly gracilis to peltifer biozones. l. Amplexograptus leptotheca (Bulman) chiefly peltifer Biozone. m. Dicellograptus sextans exilic Elles & Wood — gracilis and peltifer biozones. n. Nemagraptus gracilis (Hall) — gracilis Biozone. o. Dicranograptus ziczac Lapworth — chiefly peltifer Biozone. p. Didymograptus superstes Lapworth —chiefly gracilis Biozone. a. Tetragraptus approximatus Nicholson — approximatus Biozone, from the Arenig of the Ballantrae Complex.

(Figure 60) Examples of some of the Llandovery (lower Silurian) graptolites found in south-west Scotland, all about twice natural size. a. Monograptus sedgwickii (Porrlock) —sedgwickii Biozone. b. Pristiogmptus regularis (Trnquist) —chiefly sedgwickii Biozone. c. Diversograptus' runcinatus (Lapworth) —lower turriculatus Biozone. d. Monograptus turriculatus (Barrande) — turriculatus Biozone to lower crispus Biozone. e. Monograptus discus (Törnquist) — crispus to crenulata biozones. f. Monograptus crispus Lapworth — crispus Biozone. g. Streptograptus exiguus (Nicholson) —uppermost turriculatus Biozone to griestoniensis Biozone. h. Monograptus convolutes (Hisinger) —convolutus Biozone. i. Dimorphograptus swanstoni Lapworth — acinaces Biozone. j. Coronograptus gregarius (Lapworth) —typhus to convolutus biozones. k. Monograptus limatulus Törnquist —chiefly convolutus Biozone. l. Monograptus triangulatus fimbriatus (Nicholson) — magnus Biozone. m. Cephalograptus cometa (Geinitz) — upper convolutus Biozone. n. Monograptus priodon (Bronn) — griestoniensis Biozone? to lower Wenlock. o. Parakidograprus acuminates (Nicholson)acunzinatus Biozone. p. Climacograptus trifilis Manck — acuminatus Biozone. q. Rhaphidograptus toernquisti (Törnquist) top atavus to basal sedgwickii biozones. r. Atavograptus atavus (Jones) — chiefly atavus to typhus biozones. s. Rastrites longispinus Perner — triangulatus ro convolutus biozones. t. Monograptus triangulatus triangulatus (Harkness) — triangulatus Biozone. Note that whereas Gala unit 7 overlies the highest Birkhill Shales, units I–G are laterally equivalent to the Birkhill Shales; The Leadhills Group is laterally equivalent to the Hanfell and Glenkiln shales.

(Figure 61) Locality map for Glenkiln Burn (Locality 1).

(Figure 62) Locality map for Loup of Kilfeddar (Locality 2).

(Figure 63) Locality map for Morroch Bay (Locality 3).

(Figure 64) Locality map and geological cross-section for Drumbreddan Bay (Locality 4).

(Figure 65) Locality map for C1anyard Bay and Grennan quarries (Locality 5).

(Figure 66) Locality map for Gillespie Burn (Locality 6).

(Figure 67) Location of significant metalliferous mineralisation in south-west Scotland. Full details are listed in (Table 5).

(Figure 68) Location of geological Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) in south-west Scotland. Full details are listed in (Table 6).

Tables

(Table 1) Lower Carboniferous stratigraphy correlated along the northern margin of the Solway Basin.

(Table 2) Upper Carboniferous and Permian suatigraphy in south-west Scotland.

(Table 3) Graptolite biozones recorded from: 1. Glenkiln Burn 2. Loup of Kilfeddar 3. Morroch Bay 4. Drumbreddan Bay and Grennan Bay 5. Clanyard Bay and Grennan Quarries (+) 6. Gillespie Burn.

(Table 4) General succession of the Moffat Shale Group, correlated with the sequence of graprolite biozones (Figure 5).

(Table 5) Significant metalliferous mineral locations in south-west Scotland.

(Table 6) Geological Sites of Special Scientific Interest, south-west Scotland.

References